The multi-faceted personality of this Romanian prince, descended from a modest family, who achieved success by virtue of his own merits, became one of the foremost connoisseurs of the Islamic civilization and participated in the elaboration of Tsar Peter the Great’s reform policies, has inspired vivid historiographic debates, concerned especially with his inclusion among the representatives of late Romanian Humanism or among the exponents of Southeast European pre Enlightenment. His career, built at the crossroads between the Orthodox world, Islamic alterity, and the German historical-geographic school for the study of states, justifies the classification of his work as part of this latter cultural movement, illustrated to the fullest in terms of the Roma nian historical writing by the representatives of the Transylvanian School.
{"title":"Between Humanism and Pre-Enlightenment: Dimitrie Cantemir and His Work: Historiographic Controversies","authors":"Florian Dumitru Soporan","doi":"10.33993/tr.2023.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2023.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-faceted personality of this Romanian prince, descended from a modest family, who achieved success by virtue of his own merits, became one of the foremost connoisseurs of the Islamic civilization and participated in the elaboration of Tsar Peter the Great’s reform policies, has inspired vivid historiographic debates, concerned especially with his inclusion among the representatives of late Romanian Humanism or among the exponents of Southeast European pre Enlightenment. His career, built at the crossroads between the Orthodox world, Islamic alterity, and the German historical-geographic school for the study of states, justifies the classification of his work as part of this latter cultural movement, illustrated to the fullest in terms of the Roma nian historical writing by the representatives of the Transylvanian School.","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The opinion that blood revenge was definitively eradicated in Montenegro during Danilo’s time ran into very serious difficulties and could not be maintained. Its serious traces, although not in the classic form, are encountered not only in the 19th but also in the 20th century. By 1870, Danilo’s code was in full force, and since then 40 of its “articles” have remained in force.
{"title":"Blood Revenge in Montenegro and the Code of Danilo, Prince of Montenegro (1851–1860)","authors":"Miroslav Doderović, Budimir Aleksić","doi":"10.33993/tr.2023.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2023.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"The opinion that blood revenge was definitively eradicated in Montenegro during Danilo’s time ran into very serious difficulties and could not be maintained. Its serious traces, although not in the classic form, are encountered not only in the 19th but also in the 20th century. By 1870, Danilo’s code was in full force, and since then 40 of its “articles” have remained in force.","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses the representation of Lizzie Borden in true-crime and crime-fiction prose texts, as well as in a stage production. It centers on the hypothesis of sociocultural aspects which constitute the accounts written about her and feminist readings. Regardless of genre, these nar ratives portray Lizzie Borden in various ways—from a female tormenter to a guilt-free spinster. Both true-crime books and crime-fiction novels, together with the ballet, are modified by socio cultural factors and are also subject to intertextuality. In addition, the lines between fiction and non-fiction literary works of primary concern are blurred.
{"title":"In Search of Lizzie Borden: Between Fact and Fiction","authors":"Jelena Knežević, Aleksandra Nikčević-Batrićević","doi":"10.33993/tr.2023.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2023.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the representation of Lizzie Borden in true-crime and crime-fiction prose texts, as well as in a stage production. It centers on the hypothesis of sociocultural aspects which constitute the accounts written about her and feminist readings. Regardless of genre, these nar ratives portray Lizzie Borden in various ways—from a female tormenter to a guilt-free spinster. Both true-crime books and crime-fiction novels, together with the ballet, are modified by socio cultural factors and are also subject to intertextuality. In addition, the lines between fiction and non-fiction literary works of primary concern are blurred.","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the wake of the work aimed at comparing Demetrius Cantemir (1673?–1723) with various outstanding political and cultural personalities, this study proposes a comparative lecture with his illustrious contemporary Transylvanian Prince Francis II Rákóczi (1676–1735). Reigning in the two neighbouring principalities of Moldavia and Transylvania, the two princes stand out at Euro pean political level in the context of confrontations for the domination of this region between the Ottoman, Russian and Austrian empires. This comparative approach to the two personalities is not based on consistent testimonies of how each of the two protagonists considered the other, but their lives give many reasons for doing it. Representing two different princely traditions, they experienced the same hardships of a childhood marked by the death of one of their parents, and shared the same ambition for an exceptional education that provided them a prestigious place among the intellectual elites of the time. Their personalities are closer in many respects to their political action, particularly through the struggle to win independence for their principalities and the adventure of exile. Nothing, however, is as revealing as their intellectual work, which allowed them to gain recognition in the Republic of Letters of the time and, subsequently, in cultural his tory, far beyond boundaries of their principalities. A comparative analysis of the two personalities may therefore be of interest in order to better understand their role in the history of the Carpa tho-Danubian principalities at an important moment in the transition to the modern era, and to better highlight the exceptional richness of Demetrius Cantemir’s intellectual work.
{"title":"Histoires parallèles: Démétrius Cantemir et François II Rákóczi","authors":"Ștefan Lemny","doi":"10.33993/tr.2023.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2023.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of the work aimed at comparing Demetrius Cantemir (1673?–1723) with various \u0000outstanding political and cultural personalities, this study proposes a comparative lecture with his \u0000illustrious contemporary Transylvanian Prince Francis II Rákóczi (1676–1735). Reigning in the \u0000two neighbouring principalities of Moldavia and Transylvania, the two princes stand out at Euro pean political level in the context of confrontations for the domination of this region between \u0000the Ottoman, Russian and Austrian empires. This comparative approach to the two personalities \u0000is not based on consistent testimonies of how each of the two protagonists considered the other, \u0000but their lives give many reasons for doing it. Representing two different princely traditions, they \u0000experienced the same hardships of a childhood marked by the death of one of their parents, and \u0000shared the same ambition for an exceptional education that provided them a prestigious place \u0000among the intellectual elites of the time. Their personalities are closer in many respects to their \u0000political action, particularly through the struggle to win independence for their principalities and \u0000the adventure of exile. Nothing, however, is as revealing as their intellectual work, which allowed \u0000them to gain recognition in the Republic of Letters of the time and, subsequently, in cultural his tory, far beyond boundaries of their principalities. A comparative analysis of the two personalities \u0000may therefore be of interest in order to better understand their role in the history of the Carpa tho-Danubian principalities at an important moment in the transition to the modern era, and to \u0000better highlight the exceptional richness of Demetrius Cantemir’s intellectual work.","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Educated in Constantinople in the last decades of the 17th century, Dimitrie Cantemir (1673– 1723) encountered, on the one hand, the Paduan Aristotelianism transmitted by the Greek philo sophical teachers trained in Venice and Padua, and, on the other, was inspired by a Platonic, Neoplatonic and Pseudo-Dionysian tradition, still alive in Eastern Christian thought. Written after a thorough study of the work of J. B. van Helmont, his treatise on time echoes these mul tiple roots and proposes a conception of time which affirms the non-categoriality and neutrality of the notion of time, its continuous, uniform, immovable, non-successive, immiscible, immutable character, distributive in the singular time of each creature (according to the model of Platonic participation), its participation in eternity, the emanation of eternity from the divine Intellect, and the precedence of time over Creation
迪米特里-坎特米尔（1673-1723 年）于 17 世纪最后几十年在君士坦丁堡接受教育，一方面接触到由威尼斯和帕多瓦培养的希腊哲学教师所传播的帕多瓦亚里士多德主义，另一方面受到柏拉图主义、新柏拉图主义和伪狄奥尼派传统的启发，这些传统在东方基督教思想中依然存在。在对 J. B. van Helmont 的著作进行深入研究后，他撰写了这篇论文。van Helmont 的著作后撰写的，他的时间论呼应了这些根源，并提出了一种时间概念，肯定了时间概念的非分类性和中立性、时间的连续性、统一性、不可移动性、不可继承性、不可混溶性、不可改变性、在每个生物的单个时间中的分配性（根据柏拉图式的参与模式）、时间在永恒中的参与性、永恒从神圣的智慧中产生，以及时间优先于创造
{"title":"Time in Dimitrie Cantemir’s \u0000Sacro-sanctae Scientiae \u0000Indepingibilis Imago (1700)","authors":"Vlad Alexandrescu","doi":"10.33993/tr.2023.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2023.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Educated in Constantinople in the last decades of the 17th century, Dimitrie Cantemir (1673–\u00001723) encountered, on the one hand, the Paduan Aristotelianism transmitted by the Greek philo sophical teachers trained in Venice and Padua, and, on the other, was inspired by a Platonic, \u0000Neoplatonic and Pseudo-Dionysian tradition, still alive in Eastern Christian thought. Written \u0000after a thorough study of the work of J. B. van Helmont, his treatise on time echoes these mul tiple roots and proposes a conception of time which affirms the non-categoriality and neutrality of \u0000the notion of time, its continuous, uniform, immovable, non-successive, immiscible, immutable \u0000character, distributive in the singular time of each creature (according to the model of Platonic \u0000participation), its participation in eternity, the emanation of eternity from the divine Intellect, and \u0000the precedence of time over Creation","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Space Sacralization in Antiquity: The Case Study of Roman Dacia","authors":"C. Szabó","doi":"10.33993/tr.2021.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2021.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44409665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Unpublished Demographic Survey Regarding the Aromanian Communities in Greece during the Second World War","authors":"Emanuil Ineoan","doi":"10.33993/tr.2021.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2021.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49114428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evropae nationes: Allegories Painted in a House in Braºov in the Early Seventeenth Century","authors":"Dana Jenei","doi":"10.33993/tr.2021.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2021.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45038056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Extended Control Cycle in Ritual Behavior and Narrative Scenarios the paper argues that rituals and symbolic cultural artifacts are external models of the world. the key idea is that human agents do not have direct or unmediated access to the external world. Humans can sense and act upon intermediary processes such as cultural artifacts and rituals and construct a model of the target external world. in biological terms a Markov blanket mediates sense-making exchanges between the agent organism and the environment. in the cultural niche, humans, via rituals, model themselves modeling the world. in this structure of several nested Markov blankets the individual is included in a larger blanket. Hence, cultural practice offers a model of the world and a model of the self in the world. the cultural practice allows the creation of a cultural body/self for the agent. rituals mediate the relationship between the organism and the world. they also simulate the “incorporation” of the world and the self via the dynamic process of control. By action and sensory perception, the agent includes the external states in its area of control of the blanket. the agent and the cultural practice are coupled in a bi-directional control cycle. the agent controls the ritual and the ritual, once included in the field of control of a new encompassing blanket, changes the structure of the agent which becomes a new entity/self. rituals targeting the individual designate the personal transformation (e.g. birth, transition from child to adult, marriage, and death) and rituals of collective transformation (spring festivals that mark the passage from one year to another) target the evolution of the world in time. rituals formulate (in a descriptive manner) hidden realities and, at the same time (in a performative manner), bring them into existence as external realities that can be described and controlled via what is commonly labeled as magical thinking. rituals, conceived as explanatory models, simultaneously provide evidence for a self nested in a cultural niche and for a conceptualized external environment.
{"title":"Extended Control Cycle in Ritual Behavior and Narrative Scenarios","authors":"M. Deaca","doi":"10.33993/tr.2021.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2021.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The Extended Control Cycle in Ritual Behavior and Narrative Scenarios the paper argues that rituals and symbolic cultural artifacts are external models of the world. the key idea is that human agents do not have direct or unmediated access to the external world. Humans can sense and act upon intermediary processes such as cultural artifacts and rituals and construct a model of the target external world. in biological terms a Markov blanket mediates sense-making exchanges between the agent organism and the environment. in the cultural niche, humans, via rituals, model themselves modeling the world. in this structure of several nested Markov blankets the individual is included in a larger blanket. Hence, cultural practice offers a model of the world and a model of the self in the world. the cultural practice allows the creation of a cultural body/self for the agent. rituals mediate the relationship between the organism and the world. they also simulate the “incorporation” of the world and the self via the dynamic process of control. By action and sensory perception, the agent includes the external states in its area of control of the blanket. the agent and the cultural practice are coupled in a bi-directional control cycle. the agent controls the ritual and the ritual, once included in the field of control of a new encompassing blanket, changes the structure of the agent which becomes a new entity/self. rituals targeting the individual designate the personal transformation (e.g. birth, transition from child to adult, marriage, and death) and rituals of collective transformation (spring festivals that mark the passage from one year to another) target the evolution of the world in time. rituals formulate (in a descriptive manner) hidden realities and, at the same time (in a performative manner), bring them into existence as external realities that can be described and controlled via what is commonly labeled as magical thinking. rituals, conceived as explanatory models, simultaneously provide evidence for a self nested in a cultural niche and for a conceptualized external environment.","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48055657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Invention of the “Moldavian Language” in 1924 As a Political Weapon in the Conflict between Romanian and Ukrainian Bolsheviks at the Beginnings
1924年“摩尔达维亚语”的发明作为罗马尼亚和乌克兰布尔什维克冲突初期的政治武器
{"title":"The Invention of the “Moldavian Language” in 1924 As a Political Weapon in the Conflict between Romanian and Ukrainian Bolsheviks at the Beginnings of the Soviet Union","authors":"G. Mocanu","doi":"10.33993/tr.2021.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/tr.2021.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Invention of the “Moldavian Language” in 1924 As a Political Weapon in the Conflict between Romanian and Ukrainian Bolsheviks at the Beginnings","PeriodicalId":23235,"journal":{"name":"Transylvanian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45558639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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