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Ecological intensification index: reducing global footprint of agriculture. 生态强化指数:减少农业的全球足迹。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.10.011
Ülo Niinemets, Martin Zobel

Because of the growing human population, increasing agricultural yields is becoming increasingly more important. However, various environmental crises have led society to demand a reduction in the environmental damage caused by agriculture. Until now, the economic and ecological aspects of plant cultivation have developed largely independently. Here, we propose a novel ecological intensification index (EII) that integrates both economic and ecological goals, measured in relative units as the realized proportion of a possible maximum value. The EII can incorporate multiple ecological and/or economic measures with different weights to balance societal needs, environmental concerns, and scientific knowledge. Using the EII will provide a quantitative target for breeders, agronomists, and farmers to catalyze innovation toward a minimal ecological impact of agriculture.

由于人类人口不断增长,提高农业产量变得越来越重要。然而,各种环境危机促使社会要求减少农业对环境造成的破坏。迄今为止,植物栽培的经济和生态方面基本上是独立发展的。在此,我们提出了一种新的生态集约化指数(EII),它综合了经济和生态目标,以可能的最大值的实现比例作为相对单位来衡量。生态强化指数可包含多种生态和/或经济衡量标准,并采用不同的权重,以平衡社会需求、环境问题和科学知识。使用生态影响指数将为育种家、农学家和农民提供一个量化目标,以促进创新,实现农业对生态的最小影响。
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引用次数: 0
Plant memory and communication of encounters. 植物记忆和相遇交流
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.012
Judit Dobránszki, Dolores R Agius, Margot M J Berger, Panagiotis N Moschou, Philippe Gallusci, Federico Martinelli

Plants can communicate with each other and other living organisms in a very sophisticated manner. They use biological molecules and even physical cues to establish a molecular dialogue with beneficial organisms as well as with their predators and pathogens. Several studies were recently published that explore how plants communicate with each other about their previous encounters or stressful experiences. However, there is an almost complete lack of knowledge about how these intra- and interspecies communications are directly regulated at the epigenetic level. In this perspective article we provide new hypotheses for the possible epigenetic modifications that regulate plant responses at the communication level.

植物之间以及植物与其他生物之间可以进行非常复杂的交流。它们利用生物分子甚至物理线索,与有益生物以及捕食者和病原体建立分子对话。最近发表的几项研究探讨了植物如何相互交流它们以前的遭遇或压力经历。然而,对于这些种内和种间交流是如何在表观遗传水平上直接调节的,我们几乎完全不了解。在这篇视角独特的文章中,我们对在交流水平上调控植物反应的可能表观遗传修饰提出了新的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Pathogen effectors hijack calcium signaling to promote virulence. 病原体效应器劫持钙信号以增强毒性。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.10.012
Jean-Philippe Galaud, Stéphane Genin, Didier Aldon

Calcium signaling is a cornerstone of plant defense responses. In this opinion article we explore how pathogens exploit this pathway by targeting calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) with their secreted effectors. We illustrate different mechanisms by which effectors manipulate calcium homeostasis, cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, gene regulation, and chloroplast function to suppress plant immunity and enhance virulence. Targeting calcium signaling to thwart or weaken host defenses appears to be a common strategy among pathogens infecting animal cells, and we present here selected examples of this convergence. Understanding these strategies provides valuable insights into the interactions between plants and pathogens, and should pave the way for the development of new disease control strategies.

钙信号是植物防御反应的基石。在这篇观点文章中,我们探讨了病原体如何利用这一途径,以钙传感器(如钙调素(CaM)和钙调素样蛋白(CMLs))为目标,分泌效应物。我们阐述了效应物操纵钙稳态、细胞骨架动力学、新陈代谢、激素生物合成、基因调控和叶绿体功能以抑制植物免疫和增强毒力的不同机制。针对钙信号来挫败或削弱宿主防御似乎是感染动物细胞的病原体的共同策略,我们在此选取了一些例子来说明这种趋同性。对这些策略的了解为植物与病原体之间的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解,并为开发新的疾病控制策略铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of extreme drought on the invasion dynamics of by non-native plants. 极端干旱对非本地植物入侵动态的影响。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.10.009
Shareen K D Sanders, Mark van Kleunen, Eric Allan, Madhav P Thakur

The increasing frequency of extreme droughts poses significant challenges for predicting the invasion success (or failure) of non-native plant species. While current frameworks are primarily based on moderate droughts, the unique characteristics of extreme droughts necessitate re-evaluating our understanding of plant invasion during and after extreme droughts. Here, using core principles of community assembly and invasion biology, we discuss how the invasibility of non-native plants during and after extreme droughts differs due to: (i) differences in the ecological response of the native community, (ii) barriers at different invasion stages, and (iii) the traits of non-native plants. We incorporate ideas from current ecological theories of invasive success and suggest how drought-mediated invasion is influenced by biotic interactions in the native community.

极端干旱日益频繁,给预测非本地植物物种入侵的成功(或失败)带来了巨大挑战。虽然目前的框架主要基于中度干旱,但由于极端干旱的独特性,我们有必要重新评估对极端干旱期间和之后植物入侵的理解。在此,我们利用群落组合和入侵生物学的核心原理,讨论了非本地植物在极端干旱期间和之后的入侵性如何因以下原因而不同:(i) 本地群落生态反应的差异,(ii) 不同入侵阶段的障碍,以及 (iii) 非本地植物的特性。我们结合了当前入侵成功的生态学理论,并提出了干旱介导的入侵如何受到本地群落中生物相互作用的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerating genetic gain through early-stage on-farm sparse testing. 通过早期阶段的农场稀疏测试加速遗传增益。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.10.010
Christian R Werner, Mainassara Zaman-Allah, Teshale Assefa, Jill E Cairns, Gary N Atlin

Most African crop breeding programs conduct early-stage selection at very few research stations, which may not reflect smallholder farm conditions. Early-stage on-farm sparse testing utilizes genomic relationships to shift selection from research stations to hundreds of farms in the target population of environments, facilitating increased genetic gain in farmers' fields.

大多数非洲作物育种计划都是在极少数研究站进行早期筛选,这些研究站可能无法反映小农户的农场条件。早期阶段的农场稀疏测试利用基因组关系,将选择从研究站转移到目标环境人群中的数百个农场,促进农民田间遗传增益的提高。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling lignin biosynthesis: a pathway to renewable chemicals. 木质素生物合成建模:可再生化学品的途径。
IF 20.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.011
Xiaolan Rao, Jaime Barros

Plant biomass contains lignin that can be converted into high-value-added chemicals, fuels, and materials. The precise genetic manipulation of lignin content and composition in plant cells offers substantial environmental and economic benefits. However, the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing lignin formation challenge the development of crops with specific lignin profiles. Mathematical models and computational simulations have recently been employed to gain fundamental understanding of the metabolism of lignin and related phenolic compounds. This review article discusses the strategies used for modeling plant metabolic networks, focusing on the application of mathematical modeling for flux network analysis in monolignol biosynthesis. Furthermore, we highlight how current challenges might be overcome to optimize the use of metabolic modeling approaches for developing lignin-engineered plants.

植物生物质含有可以转化为高附加值化学品、燃料和材料的木质素。植物细胞中木质素含量和组成的精确遗传操作提供了巨大的环境和经济效益。然而,控制木质素形成的复杂调控机制对具有特定木质素特征的作物的发展提出了挑战。数学模型和计算模拟最近被用来获得对木质素和相关酚类化合物代谢的基本理解。这篇综述文章讨论了用于植物代谢网络建模的策略,重点讨论了流量网络分析的数学建模在单糖生物合成中的应用。此外,我们强调了如何克服当前的挑战,优化代谢建模方法的使用,以开发木质素工程植物。
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引用次数: 0
Enough is enough: feedback control of specialized metabolism. 适可而止:特殊新陈代谢的反馈控制。
IF 20.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.012
Ying Li, Erich Grotewold, Natalia Dudareva

Recent advances in our understanding of plant metabolism have highlighted the significance of specialized metabolites in the regulation of gene expression associated with biosynthetic networks. This opinion article focuses on the molecular mechanisms of small-molecule-mediated feedback regulation at the transcriptional level and its potential modes of action, including metabolite signal perception, the nature of the sensor, and the signaling transduction mechanisms leading to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, based on evidence available from plants and other kingdoms of life. We also discuss the challenges associated with identifying the occurrences, effects, and localization of small molecule-protein interactions. Further understanding of small-molecule-controlled metabolic fluxes will enable rational design of transcriptional regulation systems in metabolic engineering to produce high-value specialized metabolites.

最近,我们对植物新陈代谢的认识取得了进展,这突出表明了特化代谢物在调控与生物合成网络相关的基因表达方面的重要作用。这篇观点文章以植物和其他生命王国的现有证据为基础,重点探讨了小分子介导的转录水平反馈调控的分子机制及其潜在的作用模式,包括代谢物信号感知、传感器的性质以及导致转录和转录后调控的信号转导机制。我们还讨论了与确定小分子-蛋白质相互作用的发生、影响和定位相关的挑战。进一步了解小分子控制的代谢通量将有助于在代谢工程中合理设计转录调控系统,以生产高价值的特殊代谢物。
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引用次数: 0
Releasing hidden MAMPs from precursor proteins in plants. 从植物前体蛋白中释放隐藏的MAMP。
IF 20.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.013
Changlong Chen, Renier A L van der Hoorn, Pierre Buscaill

The recognition of pathogens by plants at the cell surface is crucial for activating plant immunity. Plants employ pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, our knowledge of the release of peptide MAMPs from their precursor proteins is very limited. Here, we explore seven protein precursors of well-known MAMP peptides and discuss the likelihood of processing being required for their recognition based on structural models and public knowledge. This analysis indicates the existence of multiple extracellular events that are likely pivotal for pathogen perception but remain to be uncovered.

植物在细胞表面识别病原体对于激活植物免疫至关重要。植物利用模式识别受体(PRRs)来检测微生物相关分子模式(MAMP)。然而,我们对肽MAMP从其前体蛋白中释放的了解非常有限。在这里,我们探索了众所周知的MAMP肽的七种蛋白质前体,并根据结构模型和公共知识讨论了识别它们所需的加工可能性。这一分析表明,存在多种细胞外事件,这些事件可能对病原体感知至关重要,但仍有待揭示。
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引用次数: 0
Nitrogen-loss and carbon-footprint reduction by plant-rhizosphere exudates. 植物根际分泌物减少氮损失和碳足迹。
IF 20.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.007
Yufang Lu, Herbert J Kronzucker, Min Yu, Sergey Shabala, Weiming Shi

Low-carbon approaches to agriculture constitute a pivotal measure to address the challenge of global climate change. In agroecosystems, rhizosphere exudates are significantly involved in regulating the nitrogen (N) cycle and facilitating belowground chemical communication between plants and soil microbes to reduce direct and indirect emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and control N runoff from cultivated sites into natural water bodies. Here, we discuss specific rhizosphere exudates from plants and microorganisms and the mechanisms by which they reduce N loss and subsequent N pollution in terrestrial and aquatic environments, including biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs), biological denitrification inhibitors (BDIs), and biological denitrification promoters (BDPs). We also highlight promising application scenarios and challenges in relation to rhizosphere exudates in terrestrial and aquatic environments.

低碳农业方法是应对全球气候变化挑战的关键措施。在农业生态系统中,根际分泌物主要参与调节氮循环,促进植物和土壤微生物之间的地下化学交流,以减少温室气体的直接和间接排放,并控制氮从耕地流入自然水体。在这里,我们讨论了植物和微生物的特定根际分泌物,以及它们减少陆地和水生环境中氮损失和随后氮污染的机制,包括生物硝化抑制剂(BNIs)、生物反硝化抑制剂(BDIs)和生物反硝化促进剂(BDPs)。我们还强调了在陆地和水生环境中与根际分泌物相关的有前景的应用场景和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Rhizosphere engineering for soil carbon sequestration. 土壤固碳的根际工程。
IF 20.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.015
Chaoqun Wang, Yakov Kuzyakov

The rhizosphere is the central hotspot of water and nutrient uptake by plants, rhizodeposition, microbial activities, and plant-soil-microbial interactions. The plasticity of plants offers possibilities to engineer the rhizosphere to mitigate climate change. We define rhizosphere engineering as targeted manipulation of plants, soil, microorganisms, and management to shift rhizosphere processes for specific aims [e.g., carbon (C) sequestration]. The rhizosphere components can be engineered by agronomic, physical, chemical, biological, and genomic approaches. These approaches increase plant productivity with a special focus on C inputs belowground, increase microbial necromass production, protect organic compounds and necromass by aggregation, and decrease C losses. Finally, we outline multifunctional options for rhizosphere engineering: how to boost C sequestration, increase soil health, and mitigate global change effects.

根际是植物吸收水分和养分、根际沉积、微生物活动和植物与土壤微生物相互作用的中心热点。植物的可塑性为根际工程缓解气候变化提供了可能性。我们将根际工程定义为有针对性地操纵植物、土壤、微生物和管理,以改变根际过程以达到特定目的[例如,碳(C)固存]。根际成分可以通过农艺、物理、化学、生物和基因组方法进行改造。这些方法提高了植物生产力,特别关注地下的碳输入,增加了微生物尸体的产量,通过聚集保护有机化合物和尸体,并减少了碳的损失。最后,我们概述了根际工程的多功能选择:如何促进碳固存,提高土壤健康,减轻全球变化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Trends in Plant Science
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