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Uvr motifs regulate the chloroplast Clp chaperone-protease system. Uvr motifs调控叶绿体Clp伴侣蛋白酶系统。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.015
Marissa Y Annis, Claire M Ravenburg, Klaas J van Wijk

Chloroplast proteostasis relies on diverse proteases, including the essential Clp chaperone-protease system. Two chloroplast ClpC AAA+ chaperones and the plant-specific adaptor ClpF contain an Uvr motif with predicted coiled-coiled structures implicated in protein-protein interactions. Head-to-head contacts between Uvr motifs in middle (M)-domains regulate the oligomerization and activation of several bacterial Clp chaperones. Interestingly, in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), this Uvr motif is found in six additional chloroplast proteins (Executer1, Executer2, and Uvr1-4). Here, we first summarize evidence that Uvr motifs regulate proteostasis in bacteria. Based on this evidence and recent results in arabidopsis, we postulate that arabidopsis Uvr motif proteins regulate chloroplast Clp proteolysis. We propose specific working hypotheses to test the function of the Uvr motif in chloroplast proteostasis.

叶绿体的蛋白稳态依赖于多种蛋白酶,包括必不可少的 Clp 合子-蛋白酶系统。两种叶绿体 ClpC AAA+ 合子和植物特异性适配体 ClpF 含有一个 Uvr 基序,其预测的盘绕结构与蛋白质间的相互作用有关。中间(M)域中 Uvr 基序之间的头对头接触调节着几种细菌 Clp 合子的寡聚和活化。有趣的是,在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中,这种 Uvr motif 还存在于另外六个叶绿体蛋白(Executer1、Executer2 和 Uvr1-4)中。在这里,我们首先总结了 Uvr 基序调节细菌蛋白稳态的证据。根据这些证据和拟南芥的最新研究结果,我们推测拟南芥的 Uvr 基序蛋白能调节叶绿体 Clp 蛋白水解。我们提出了具体的工作假设,以检验 Uvr 基序在叶绿体蛋白稳态中的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple layers of regulators emerge in the network controlling lateral root organogenesis. 控制侧根器官发生的网络中出现了多层调节器。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.018
Antoine Beckers, Akihito Mamiya, Masahiko Furutani, Malcolm J Bennett, Hidehiro Fukaki, Shinichiro Sawa, Pascal Gantet, Laurent Laplaze, Soazig Guyomarc'h

Lateral root (LR) formation is a postembryonic organogenesis process that is crucial for plant root system development and adaptation to heterogenous soil environments. Since the early 1990s, a wealth of experimental data on arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has helped reveal the LR formation regulatory network, in which dynamic auxin distribution and transcriptional cascades direct root cells through their organogenesis pathway. Some parts of this network appear conserved across diverse plant species or distinct developmental contexts. Recently, our knowledge of this process dramatically expanded thanks to technical advances, from single cell profiling to whole-root system phenotyping. Interestingly, new players are now emerging in this network, such as fatty acids and reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming our knowledge of this hidden half of plant biology.

侧根(LR)形成是胚后器官发生过程,对植物根系发育和适应异质土壤环境至关重要。自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来,关于拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的大量实验数据帮助揭示了侧根形成调控网络,其中动态的辅助素分布和转录级联引导根细胞完成器官发生途径。该网络的某些部分在不同植物物种或不同发育环境中似乎是一致的。最近,由于技术进步,从单细胞分析到全根系表型分析,我们对这一过程的了解急剧增加。有趣的是,这一网络中现在出现了新的参与者,如脂肪酸和活性氧(ROS),改变了我们对植物生物学中这一隐秘部分的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Does mRNA targeting explain gene retention in chloroplasts? mRNA 靶向能否解释叶绿体中基因的保留?
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.017
Wolfgang R Hess, Annegret Wilde, Conrad W Mullineaux

During their evolution from cyanobacteria, plastids have relinquished most of their genes to the host cell nucleus, but have retained a core set of genes that are transcribed and translated within the organelle. Previous explanations have included incompatible codon or base composition, problems importing certain proteins across the double membrane, or the need for tight regulation in concert with the redox status of the electron transport chain. In this opinion article we propose the 'mRNA targeting hypothesis'. Studies in cyanobacteria suggest that mRNAs encoding core photosynthetic proteins have features that are crucial for membrane targeting and coordination of early steps in complex assembly. We propose that the requirement for intimate involvement of mRNA molecules at the thylakoid surface explains the retention of core photosynthetic genes in chloroplasts.

在从蓝藻进化的过程中,质体将其大部分基因交给了宿主细胞核,但保留了一组在细胞器内转录和翻译的核心基因。以往的解释包括:密码子或碱基组成不兼容、某些蛋白质跨双层膜导入存在问题,或需要与电子传递链的氧化还原状态配合进行严格调控。在这篇观点文章中,我们提出了 "mRNA 靶向假说"。对蓝藻的研究表明,编码核心光合蛋白的 mRNA 具有对膜靶向和协调复合体组装早期步骤至关重要的特征。我们认为,mRNA 分子需要在类囊体表面密切参与,这就是核心光合基因保留在叶绿体中的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Crafting friendly microbiomes as plant bodyguards against pests. 制作友好的微生物群落,作为植物抵御害虫的保镖。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.10.001
Shilpi Sharma

Research has shown that acclimatizing plant-associated microbiomes through repeated cycles of selection pressure can enhance plant resilience to abiotic stresses. A recent study by Enders et al. expanded this concept by selecting plant-associated microbiomes for insect resistance, paving the way for microbiome engineering to enhance plant fitness.

研究表明,通过反复循环的选择压力使植物相关微生物组适应环境,可以增强植物对非生物胁迫的适应能力。Enders 等人最近的一项研究扩展了这一概念,通过选择植物相关微生物组来提高抗虫性,为微生物组工程提高植物适应性铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
The interplay of singlet oxygen and ABI4 in plant growth regulation. 单线态氧和 ABI4 在植物生长调节中的相互作用
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.007
Zhong-Wei Zhang, Yu-Fan Fu, Guang-Deng Chen, Christiane Reinbothe, Steffen Reinbothe, Shu Yuan

Abscisic acid (ABA) and the AP2/ERF (APETALA 2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR)-type transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) control plant growth and development. We review how singlet oxygen, which is produced in chloroplasts of the fluorescent mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis), and ABI4 may cooperate in transcriptional and translational reprogramming to cause plants to halt growth or demise. Key elements of singlet oxygen- and ABI4-dependent chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling involve the chloroplast EXECUTER (EX) 1 and EX2 proteins as well as nuclear WRKY transcription factors. Mutants designed to study singlet oxygen signaling, that lack either ABI4 or the EX1 and EX2 proteins, do not show most of the growth effects of singlet oxygen. We propose a model that positions ABI4 downstream of WRKY transcription factors and EX1 and EX2.

脱落酸(ABA)和 AP2/ERF(APETALA 2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR)型转录因子 ABA INSENSITIVE 4(ABI4)控制着植物的生长和发育。我们回顾了拟南芥荧光突变体叶绿体中产生的单线态氧和 ABI4 如何在转录和翻译重编程中合作,导致植物停止生长或死亡。依赖单线态氧和 ABI4 的叶绿体-细胞核逆向信号转导的关键因素涉及叶绿体 EXECUTER(EX)1 和 EX2 蛋白以及细胞核 WRKY 转录因子。为研究单线态氧信号转导而设计的突变体,如果缺乏 ABI4 或 EX1 和 EX2 蛋白,则不会显示出单线态氧的大部分生长效应。我们提出了一个将 ABI4 定位于 WRKY 转录因子以及 EX1 和 EX2 下游的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Sowing success: ecological insights into seedling microbial colonisation for robust plant microbiota engineering. 播种成功:从生态学角度洞察幼苗微生物定植,实现稳健的植物微生物群工程。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.004
Oscar Joubert, Gontran Arnault, Matthieu Barret, Marie Simonin

Manipulating the seedling microbiota through seed or soil inoculations has the potential to improve plant health. Mixed in-field results have been attributed to a lack of consideration for ecological processes taking place during seedling microbiota assembly. In this opinion article, we (i) assess the contribution of ecological processes at play during seedling microbiota assembly (e.g., propagule pressure and priority effects); (ii) investigate how life history theory can help us identify microbial traits involved in successful seedling colonisation; and (iii) suggest how different plant microbiota engineering methods could benefit from a greater understanding of seedling microbiota assembly processes. Finally, we propose several research hypotheses and identify outstanding questions for the plant microbiota engineering community.

通过种子或土壤接种来控制幼苗微生物群有可能改善植物健康。田间结果参差不齐的原因是缺乏对幼苗微生物区系形成过程中生态过程的考虑。在这篇观点文章中,我们(i) 评估了幼苗微生物区系形成过程中生态过程的作用(如繁殖压力和优先效应);(ii) 研究了生命史理论如何帮助我们确定成功定殖幼苗所涉及的微生物性状;(iii) 提出了不同的植物微生物区系工程方法如何从更深入地了解幼苗微生物区系形成过程中获益。最后,我们提出了几个研究假设,并确定了植物微生物群工程领域的未决问题。
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引用次数: 0
Cracking the plant VOC sensing code and its practical applications. 破解植物挥发性有机化合物传感密码及其实际应用。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.005
Gen-Ichiro Arimura, Takuya Uemura

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential airborne mediators of interactions between plants. These plant-plant interactions require sophisticated VOC-sensing mechanisms that enable plants to regulate their defenses against pests. However, these interactions are not limited to specific plants or even conspecifics, and can function in very flexible interactions between plants. Sensing and responding to VOCs in plants is finely controlled by their uptake and transport systems as well as by cellular signaling via, for example, chromatin remodeling system-based transcriptional regulation for defense gene activation. Based on the accumulated knowledge about the interactions between plants and their major VOCs, companion plants and biostimulants are being developed for practical applications in agricultural and horticultural pest control, providing a sustainable alternative to harmful chemicals.

挥发性有机化合物(VOC)是植物间相互作用的重要空气媒介。植物与植物之间的这些相互作用需要复杂的挥发性有机化合物感应机制,从而使植物能够调节其防御能力,抵御害虫。然而,这些相互作用并不局限于特定的植物,甚至也不局限于同种植物,它们可以在植物之间非常灵活的相互作用中发挥作用。植物对挥发性有机化合物的感知和反应受其吸收和运输系统以及细胞信号的精细控制,例如通过基于染色质重塑系统的转录调控来激活防御基因。基于植物与其主要挥发性有机化合物之间相互作用的知识积累,人们正在开发伴生植物和生物刺激剂,用于农业和园艺害虫防治的实际应用,为有害化学品提供可持续的替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding resilience: ecology, regulation, and evolution of biosynthetic gene clusters. 解码复原力:生物合成基因簇的生态学、调控和进化。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.008
George Lister Cawood, Jurriaan Ton

Secondary metabolism is crucial for plant survival and can generate chemistry with nutritional, therapeutic, and industrial value. Biosynthetic genes of selected secondary metabolites cluster within localised chromosomal regions. The arrangement of these biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) challenges the long-held model of random gene order in eukaryotes, raising questions about their regulation, ecological significance, and evolution. In this review, we address these questions by exploring the contribution of BGCs to ecologically relevant plant-biotic interactions, while also evaluating the molecular-(epi)genetic mechanisms controlling their coordinated stress- and tissue-specific expression. Based on evidence that BGCs have distinct chromatin signatures and are enriched with transposable elements (TEs), we integrate emerging hypotheses into an updated evolutionary model emphasising how stress-induced epigenetic processes have shaped BGC formation.

次生代谢对植物的生存至关重要,并能产生具有营养、治疗和工业价值的化学物质。某些次生代谢物的生物合成基因聚集在局部染色体区域内。这些生物合成基因簇(BGC)的排列方式挑战了真核生物中长期存在的随机基因顺序模式,提出了有关其调控、生态意义和进化的问题。在这篇综述中,我们通过探讨生物合成基因簇对生态相关的植物-生物相互作用的贡献,同时评估控制其协调胁迫和组织特异性表达的分子-(外)遗传机制,来解决这些问题。有证据表明,BGCs 具有独特的染色质特征并富含转座元件(TEs),基于这些证据,我们将新出现的假说整合到一个最新的进化模型中,强调胁迫诱导的表观遗传过程如何塑造了 BGC 的形成。
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引用次数: 0
The genetic basis of prickle loss in the Solanaceae. 茄科植物皮刺脱落的遗传基础。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.016
Yuri G Figueiredo, Karla Gasparini, Mustafa Bulut, Alisdair R Fernie, Agustin Zsögön

In a recent study, Satterlee et al. found that the repeated emergence of prickleless varieties in Solanaceae species is a convergent trait caused by loss of function in the cytokinin-activating enzyme LONELY GUY (LOG). New prickleless forms can be created in wild and domesticated forms using gene editing.

在最近的一项研究中,Satterlee 等人发现,茄科植物中反复出现的无刺品种是细胞分裂素激活酶 LONELY GUY(LOG)功能缺失导致的趋同性状。利用基因编辑技术可以在野生和驯化形式中创造出新的无刺形式。
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引用次数: 0
Nanoscale materials and NO-ROS homeostasis in plants: trilateral dynamics. 植物中的纳米级材料和 NO-ROS 平衡:三边动力学。
IF 17.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.06.009
Nidhi Kandhol, Vijay Pratap Singh, Sangeeta Pandey, Shivesh Sharma, Lijuan Zhao, Francisco J Corpas, Zhong-Hua Chen, Jason C White, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi

Nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered increasing attention for their applications in agriculture and plant science, particularly for their interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). NPs, owing to their novel physicochemical properties, can be used to uniquely modulate ROS levels, enabling great control over redox homeostasis and signaling cascades. In addition, NPs may act as carriers for NO donors, thus facilitating controlled and synchronized release and targeted delivery of NO within plant systems. This opinion article provides insights into the current state of knowledge regarding NP interactions with ROS and NO homeostasis in plants, highlighting key findings and knowledge gaps, as well as outlining future research directions in this rapidly expanding and potentially transformative field of research.

纳米粒子(NPs)因其在农业和植物科学中的应用,特别是与活性氧(ROS)和一氧化氮(-NO)的相互作用而日益受到关注。NPs 由于其新颖的物理化学特性,可用于独特地调节 ROS 水平,从而实现对氧化还原平衡和信号级联的极大控制。此外,NPs 还可作为 -NO 给体的载体,从而促进植物系统内 -NO 的可控、同步释放和定向输送。这篇观点性文章深入探讨了植物中 NP 与 ROS 和 -NO 氧化还原平衡之间相互作用的知识现状,重点介绍了主要发现和知识差距,并概述了这一快速扩展且可能带来变革的研究领域的未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
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Trends in Plant Science
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