J. L. Miller, N. Meier, K. Wilke, G. Erickson, P. Loza
Objectives were to determine the effect of corn silage inclusion within dry-rolled corn or steam-flaked corn finishing diets on cattle growth performance and carcass characteristics. The experiment used British and continental crossbred steers (n=480; initial body weight = 389 ± 17 kg) in 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 6 replications per treatment. Treatments consist of four inclusions of corn silage (0%, 15%, 30%, or 45%; DM basis) within either a dry-rolled corn (DRC) or steam-flaked corn (SFC) diet. A corn silage by corn processing interaction was observed for dry-matter intake (DMI; P = 0.05). As corn silage inclusion increased in the diet, DMI increased linearly (P < 0.01) for both corn processing methods. Dry matter intake was not different between SFC and DRC fed cattle at 0% (P = 0.33), 30% (P = 0.90), or 45% (P = 0.31) corn silage inclusion. The interaction was due to DMI of cattle fed 15% silage, as cattle fed DRC consumed 0.5 kg/d less (P < 0.01) than cattle on the SFC diet. Quadratic effects were observed for final body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), marbling, and fat depth (P < 0.01), regardless of corn processing. Cattle fed 15% or 30% corn silage gained faster (P < 0.01) than those fed 0% or 45% corn silage. Feed efficiency decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) as silage inclusion increased in the diet with G:F similar for cattle fed 0% and 15% silage and decreased curvilinearly for cattle fed 30% and 45% silage. The incidence of liver abscesses was greater (P = 0.03) in cattle fed 0% corn silage than for steers fed 15, 30, or 45% corn silage. Corn processing method, independent of silage, had no effect (P = 0.42) on liver abscess incidence. Feeding SFC increased (P < 0.01) steer final BW and HCW when compared to cattle fed DRC, regardless of silage inclusion. Corn silage inclusion had similar effects on performance in both DRC diets and SFC diets except for DMI. As corn silage inclusion increased in the diet, feed efficiency decreased linearly (P < 0.01). Cattle fed SFC gained 7.9% more (P < 0.01) and were 6.7% more efficient (P < 0.01) than cattle fed DRC. In diets containing either DRC or SFC, corn silage can be included at up to 30% of the diet without negative impacts on ADG or HCW.
{"title":"Effect of corn silage inclusion with different corn processing on finishing steer performance and carcass characteristics","authors":"J. L. Miller, N. Meier, K. Wilke, G. Erickson, P. Loza","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives were to determine the effect of corn silage inclusion within dry-rolled corn or steam-flaked corn finishing diets on cattle growth performance and carcass characteristics. The experiment used British and continental crossbred steers (n=480; initial body weight = 389 ± 17 kg) in 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 6 replications per treatment. Treatments consist of four inclusions of corn silage (0%, 15%, 30%, or 45%; DM basis) within either a dry-rolled corn (DRC) or steam-flaked corn (SFC) diet. A corn silage by corn processing interaction was observed for dry-matter intake (DMI; P = 0.05). As corn silage inclusion increased in the diet, DMI increased linearly (P < 0.01) for both corn processing methods. Dry matter intake was not different between SFC and DRC fed cattle at 0% (P = 0.33), 30% (P = 0.90), or 45% (P = 0.31) corn silage inclusion. The interaction was due to DMI of cattle fed 15% silage, as cattle fed DRC consumed 0.5 kg/d less (P < 0.01) than cattle on the SFC diet. Quadratic effects were observed for final body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), marbling, and fat depth (P < 0.01), regardless of corn processing. Cattle fed 15% or 30% corn silage gained faster (P < 0.01) than those fed 0% or 45% corn silage. Feed efficiency decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) as silage inclusion increased in the diet with G:F similar for cattle fed 0% and 15% silage and decreased curvilinearly for cattle fed 30% and 45% silage. The incidence of liver abscesses was greater (P = 0.03) in cattle fed 0% corn silage than for steers fed 15, 30, or 45% corn silage. Corn processing method, independent of silage, had no effect (P = 0.42) on liver abscess incidence. Feeding SFC increased (P < 0.01) steer final BW and HCW when compared to cattle fed DRC, regardless of silage inclusion. Corn silage inclusion had similar effects on performance in both DRC diets and SFC diets except for DMI. As corn silage inclusion increased in the diet, feed efficiency decreased linearly (P < 0.01). Cattle fed SFC gained 7.9% more (P < 0.01) and were 6.7% more efficient (P < 0.01) than cattle fed DRC. In diets containing either DRC or SFC, corn silage can be included at up to 30% of the diet without negative impacts on ADG or HCW.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae100
Kelsi A Carlson, Jennifer M Bundy, Michael J Martin, Scott W Smalley, Anna K Johnson
Iowa State University (ISU) provides resources for diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEI-B) to provide students with a comfortable academic home regardless of their demographics or prior experiences. The objective of this study was to investigate undergraduate students' DEI-B perspectives in the Department of Animal Science at ISU. One survey instrument was developed containing 14 questions that covered demographics, feelings of inclusion, comfort-seeking tools, and ways to improve DEI-B. Answer choices were either multiple choice, 1 to 5 sliding scale, or a specified text sliding scale. Eligible participants were undergraduate students enrolled in Animal or Dairy Science (n = 974). Demographics and comfort-seeking tools will be presented descriptively. Inclusion at the start and after 2 yr were compared using six different linear models. A variable was deemed significant if the P-value was ≤ 0.05. A total of 383 students (88% of total respondents) completed 50% or more of the inclusion questions. Seniors had the highest response rate. More students reported coming from a rural background. Primary species of interest was companion animals. There were no observed differences in feelings of inclusion in classes, with peers, or with faculty for hometown, admission type, ethnic group, and first generation when students started (P ≥ 0.067). There was a difference for primary species of interest (P ≤ 0.011) and with female students feeling less included (P ≤ 0.039). There were no observed differences after 2 yr in classes, with peers, or with faculty for classification year, admission type, or first generation (P ≥ 0.088). Suburban students felt the least included in classes compared to rural and urban students (P ≤ 0.036). Female students felt less included in all three categories (P ≤ 0.017). The majority of students reported having companion animal experience but almost half reported having no experience with livestock prior to ISU. A total of 51% of students said they never considered transferring to another major and 48% indicated that they plan to pursue a career in veterinary medicine. A total of 75% of students felt inclusion could be improved by creating more hands-on opportunities and 60% suggested the department provide more study space. In conclusion, the Department of Animal Science at ISU has some effective inclusion practices but needs to evolve and improve in its DEI-B practices for the undergraduate student population.
{"title":"Investigation of the diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging within the undergraduate student population within the Department of Animal Science at Iowa State University.","authors":"Kelsi A Carlson, Jennifer M Bundy, Michael J Martin, Scott W Smalley, Anna K Johnson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iowa State University (ISU) provides resources for diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEI-B) to provide students with a comfortable academic home regardless of their demographics or prior experiences. The objective of this study was to investigate undergraduate students' DEI-B perspectives in the Department of Animal Science at ISU. One survey instrument was developed containing 14 questions that covered demographics, feelings of inclusion, comfort-seeking tools, and ways to improve DEI-B. Answer choices were either multiple choice, 1 to 5 sliding scale, or a specified text sliding scale. Eligible participants were undergraduate students enrolled in Animal or Dairy Science (<i>n</i> = 974). Demographics and comfort-seeking tools will be presented descriptively. Inclusion at the start and after 2 yr were compared using six different linear models. A variable was deemed significant if the <i>P</i>-value was ≤ 0.05. A total of 383 students (88% of total respondents) completed 50% or more of the inclusion questions. Seniors had the highest response rate. More students reported coming from a rural background. Primary species of interest was companion animals. There were no observed differences in feelings of inclusion in classes, with peers, or with faculty for hometown, admission type, ethnic group, and first generation when students started (<i>P </i>≥ 0.067). There was a difference for primary species of interest (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.011) and with female students feeling less included (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.039). There were no observed differences after 2 yr in classes, with peers, or with faculty for classification year, admission type, or first generation (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.088). Suburban students felt the least included in classes compared to rural and urban students (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.036). Female students felt less included in all three categories (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.017). The majority of students reported having companion animal experience but almost half reported having no experience with livestock prior to ISU. A total of 51% of students said they never considered transferring to another major and 48% indicated that they plan to pursue a career in veterinary medicine. A total of 75% of students felt inclusion could be improved by creating more hands-on opportunities and 60% suggested the department provide more study space. In conclusion, the Department of Animal Science at ISU has some effective inclusion practices but needs to evolve and improve in its DEI-B practices for the undergraduate student population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae097
Lorena E de L M Bomfim, Kaique de S Nascimento, Alana M de M Calaça, Luan de O M Silva, Emmanuel Arnhold, Victor R M Couto, Yasmin M Barreto, Lucas J Mari, Mateus C Santos, Gauthier Marine, Eric Chevaux, Juliano J de R Fernandes
This study aimed to assess the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 supplementation during the initial feeding period on the performance of Nellore bulls in a feedlot system. One hundred ninety-eight Nellore bulls were used in a completely randomized block design, with blocking based on weight within each treatment group: light (331.4 kg; 4 pens), medium (349.7 kg; 4 pens), and heavy (362.5 kg; 3 pens). The treatments included CON-a basal diet, and SCB-basal diet plus a probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079; 1.0 × 1010 CFU/head/d). Experimental diets were administered for the first 42 d (21 d in the step-up phase and 21 d in the finishing diet -870 g concentrate/kg dry matter [DM]). Subsequently, both treatment groups were transitioned to the same basal diet for an additional 76 d, completing 118 d on feed. Linear regression analysis was conducted for dry matter intake (DMI) data. During the initial 42 d, DMI tended to be higher for SCB (P = 0.09); also bulls fed SCB reached the plateau of the curve at 9.17 kg DMI/d earlier (39 d, R2 = 0.97) than those fed CON (43 d; R2 = 0.96) diets. For the first 42 d, the SCB treatment exhibited higher final weight (393.0 vs. 401.4 kg, P = 0.02), total gain (49.3 vs. 53.5 kg, P = 0.02), daily weight gain (1.124 vs. 1.274 kg, P = 0.02), and G:F (0.174 vs. 0.188, P = 0.04). Over the entire 118-d period, SCB-fed bulls had greater final body weight (509.5 vs. 518.0 kg, P = 0.02), total body weight gain (163.7 vs. 170.3 kg, P = 0.01), and average daily gain (1.366 vs. 1.420 kg, P = 0.01). The feed efficiency of SCB-supplemented bulls was 8.05% higher than CON (P = 0.04), and the final carcass weight was 1.69% greater for animals fed SCB (283.8 vs. 288.6 kg, P = 0.04). Total carcass weight gain (110.9 vs. 114.7 kg) and daily carcass weight gain (0.924 vs. 0.956 kg) tended (P = 0.06) to increase by 3.46% in SCB-fed animals compared with those fed CON. Gain yield, carcass conversion, and carcass yield did not differ between treatments. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract between treatments. However, starch digestibility (92.7% vs. 88%) was greater for the control treatment (P < 0.001). Including live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii yeast as a probiotic supplement during the initial 42 d in the feedlot enhanced early-stage growth performance in Nellore bulls. Notably, this supplementation carried over carcass gain over the entire feedlot period.
{"title":"Supplementation with live <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> during the initial 42 days of the feedlot phase in Nellore beef cattle.","authors":"Lorena E de L M Bomfim, Kaique de S Nascimento, Alana M de M Calaça, Luan de O M Silva, Emmanuel Arnhold, Victor R M Couto, Yasmin M Barreto, Lucas J Mari, Mateus C Santos, Gauthier Marine, Eric Chevaux, Juliano J de R Fernandes","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the effect of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> CNCM I-1079 supplementation during the initial feeding period on the performance of Nellore bulls in a feedlot system. One hundred ninety-eight Nellore bulls were used in a completely randomized block design, with blocking based on weight within each treatment group: light (331.4 kg; 4 pens), medium (349.7 kg; 4 pens), and heavy (362.5 kg; 3 pens). The treatments included CON-a basal diet, and SCB-basal diet plus a probiotic (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> CNCM I-1079; 1.0 × 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/head/d). Experimental diets were administered for the first 42 d (21 d in the step-up phase and 21 d in the finishing diet -870 g concentrate/kg dry matter [<b>DM</b>]). Subsequently, both treatment groups were transitioned to the same basal diet for an additional 76 d, completing 118 d on feed. Linear regression analysis was conducted for dry matter intake (<b>DMI</b>) data. During the initial 42 d, DMI tended to be higher for SCB (<i>P</i> = 0.09); also bulls fed SCB reached the plateau of the curve at 9.17 kg DMI/d earlier (39 d, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.97) than those fed CON (43 d; R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96) diets. For the first 42 d, the SCB treatment exhibited higher final weight (393.0 vs. 401.4 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), total gain (49.3 vs. 53.5 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), daily weight gain (1.124 vs. 1.274 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), and G:F (0.174 vs. 0.188, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Over the entire 118-d period, SCB-fed bulls had greater final body weight (509.5 vs. 518.0 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), total body weight gain (163.7 vs. 170.3 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.01), and average daily gain (1.366 vs. 1.420 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.01). The feed efficiency of SCB-supplemented bulls was 8.05% higher than CON (<i>P</i> = 0.04), and the final carcass weight was 1.69% greater for animals fed SCB (283.8 vs. 288.6 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Total carcass weight gain (110.9 vs. 114.7 kg) and daily carcass weight gain (0.924 vs. 0.956 kg) tended (<i>P</i> = 0.06) to increase by 3.46% in SCB-fed animals compared with those fed CON. Gain yield, carcass conversion, and carcass yield did not differ between treatments. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract between treatments. However, starch digestibility (92.7% vs. 88%) was greater for the control treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Including live <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> yeast as a probiotic supplement during the initial 42 d in the feedlot enhanced early-stage growth performance in Nellore bulls. Notably, this supplementation carried over carcass gain over the entire feedlot period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae096
N Gregory, L Huber
Fifty-three gilts and fifty-three multiparous (MP) sows were used to evaluate a blended feeding program using gestation and lactation diets during the transition period on changes in sow back fat (BF) depth and BW, blood metabolites, and litter growth performance in the subsequent lactation period. A 2 × 2 factorial experimental design was generated including the factors of parity and feeding program. The MP sows and gilts were assigned to one of two feeding programs on day 104 ± 1 of gestation: 1) 2 kg/d of a standard lactation diet until farrowing when sows received step-up access to the lactation diet until ad libitum access was given on day 4 of lactation (CON) and 2) a dynamic blend of standard gestation and lactation diets that met estimated daily requirements for standardized ileal digestible Lys and net energy according to the NRC (2012) until day 4 of lactation where sows were provided ad libitum access to the lactation diet (TRAN). Litters were standardized to 13 ± 1 piglets within 24-h of birth. In gestation, ADFI was greatest for TRAN-MP sows (interaction; P < 0.05), with greater ADFI for TRAN versus CON sows (main effect; 2.95 vs. 2.13 ± 0.08 kg; P < 0.05). Feeding program did not influence ADFI in lactation, but MP sows had greater ADFI versus gilts (main effect; 5.96 vs. 4.47 ± 0.28 kg; P < 0.001). Immediately after farrowing, TRAN sows had greater BW and BF vs. CON sows, regardless of parity (main effect; 224.1 vs. 215.4 ± 4.1 kg and 17.3 vs. 16.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively; P < 0.05). At weaning, no feeding program-related differences were observed for BW or BF, but MP sows had thicker BF compared to gilts (main effect; 14.4 vs. 13.4 ± 0.5 mm; P < 0.05). The TRAN-MP sows had heavier piglets at birth compared to all other groups (interaction; P < 0.05) and MP sows had greater litter birth weight and average piglet BW at birth versus gilts (main effect; P < 0.05). No effect of feeding program was observed for piglet BW at weaning. On lactation day 1, serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were lower for TRAN compared to CON sows (main effect; 12.0 vs. 19.4 ± 7.8 mmol/L and 0.35 vs. 0.57 ± 0.10 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) and serum glucose concentration was greater for TRAN compared to CON sows (main effect; 4.41 vs. 3.88 ± 0.22 mmol/L; P < 0.05), but these differences were no longer detectable at weaning. Therefore, a simple transition feeding program using a blend of a standard gestation and lactation diets reduced energy mobilization by sows in late gestation, with no impact on subsequent lactation performance.
研究人员利用 53 头后备母猪和 53 头多胎（MP）母猪，评估了在过渡时期使用妊娠期和哺乳期日粮的混合饲喂方案对母猪背脂（BF）深度和体重、血液代谢物以及随后哺乳期的胎仔生长性能变化的影响。实验采用了 2 × 2 的因子实验设计，包括母猪的胎次和饲喂方案。MP母猪和后备母猪在妊娠第104±1天被分配到两种饲喂方案中的一种：1）2 千克/天的标准哺乳期日粮，直到产仔，此时母猪可逐步获得哺乳期日粮，直到泌乳期第 4 天（CON）；2）标准妊娠期和哺乳期日粮的动态混合日粮，根据 NRC（2012），这种日粮符合标准回肠可消化赖氨酸和净能的估计日需要量，直到泌乳期第 4 天，此时母猪可自由获得哺乳期日粮（TRAN）。仔猪出生后 24 小时内标准化为 13 ± 1 头。在妊娠期，TRAN-MP 母猪的 ADFI 最大（交互作用；P P P P P P P P P P P
{"title":"Blending gestation and lactation diets during the transition period reduces energy mobilization by sows in late gestation, with no impact on subsequent lactation performance.","authors":"N Gregory, L Huber","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fifty-three gilts and fifty-three multiparous (<b>MP</b>) sows were used to evaluate a blended feeding program using gestation and lactation diets during the transition period on changes in sow back fat (<b>BF</b>) depth and BW, blood metabolites, and litter growth performance in the subsequent lactation period. A 2 × 2 factorial experimental design was generated including the factors of parity and feeding program. The MP sows and gilts were assigned to one of two feeding programs on day 104 ± 1 of gestation: 1) 2 kg/d of a standard lactation diet until farrowing when sows received step-up access to the lactation diet until ad libitum access was given on day 4 of lactation (<b>CON</b>) and 2) a dynamic blend of standard gestation and lactation diets that met estimated daily requirements for standardized ileal digestible Lys and net energy according to the NRC (2012) until day 4 of lactation where sows were provided ad libitum access to the lactation diet (<b>TRAN</b>). Litters were standardized to 13 ± 1 piglets within 24-h of birth. In gestation, ADFI was greatest for TRAN-MP sows (interaction; <i>P</i> < 0.05), with greater ADFI for TRAN versus CON sows (main effect; 2.95 vs. 2.13 ± 0.08 kg; <i>P </i>< 0.05). Feeding program did not influence ADFI in lactation, but MP sows had greater ADFI versus gilts (main effect; 5.96 vs. 4.47 ± 0.28 kg; <i>P </i>< 0.001). Immediately after farrowing, TRAN sows had greater BW and BF vs. CON sows, regardless of parity (main effect; 224.1 vs. 215.4 ± 4.1 kg and 17.3 vs. 16.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.05). At weaning, no feeding program-related differences were observed for BW or BF, but MP sows had thicker BF compared to gilts (main effect; 14.4 vs. 13.4 ± 0.5 mm; <i>P</i> < 0.05). The TRAN-MP sows had heavier piglets at birth compared to all other groups (interaction; <i>P </i>< 0.05) and MP sows had greater litter birth weight and average piglet BW at birth versus gilts (main effect; <i>P</i> < 0.05). No effect of feeding program was observed for piglet BW at weaning. On lactation day 1, serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were lower for TRAN compared to CON sows (main effect; 12.0 vs. 19.4 ± 7.8 mmol/L and 0.35 vs. 0.57 ± 0.10 mmol/L, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.05) and serum glucose concentration was greater for TRAN compared to CON sows (main effect; 4.41 vs. 3.88 ± 0.22 mmol/L; <i>P</i> < 0.05), but these differences were no longer detectable at weaning. Therefore, a simple transition feeding program using a blend of a standard gestation and lactation diets reduced energy mobilization by sows in late gestation, with no impact on subsequent lactation performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thachary R Mayer, Sydni E Borders, Trent E Schwartz, K. Gehring, D. Griffin, Christopher R Kerth, K. Belk, J. Scanga, Mahesh N Nair, M. Pfeiffer, G. Mafi, Keayla M Harr, T. Lawrence, T. Tennant, L. Lucherk, T. O’Quinn, Erin S. Beyer, Phil D Bass, Lyda G Garcia, Benjamin M. Bohrer, J. Pempek, A. Garmyn, R. Maddock, C. Carr, T. Pringle, Tracy L Scheffler, J. Scheffler, A. Stelzleni, John M. Gonzalez, Keith R. Underwood, Bailey N Harsh, Crystal M Waters, J. W. Savell
The National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA)-2022 serves as a benchmark of the current fed steer and heifer population of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress. In-plant cooler assessments and collections of beef carcass data took place from July 2021 to November 2022. During in-plant evaluations, 10% of one day’s production was surveyed for quality and yield indicating characteristics of fed beef carcasses (n = 9,746 beef carcasses). Distributions of sex classes among sampled carcasses were steer (65.0%) and heifer (35.0%), whereas distributions of breed type were native (87.7%), dairy (11.3%), and Bos indicus (0.9%). Mean values were observed for USDA YG (3.3), overall USDA QG (Choice16), marbling score (Small98), REA (91.0 cm2), AFT (1.49 cm), HCW (401.9 kg), and KPH (2.5%). Mean overall maturity was A66, with a mean lean maturity of A56 and mean skeletal maturity of A72. There were 28.1% of carcasses identified for use in a USDA-certified beef G-Schedule Program. Defects, such as dark cutting and blood splash, were observed at 1.7% and 0.5%, respectively. Distributions of USDA YG were YG 1 (8.2%), YG 2 (30.7%), YG 3 (40.2%), YG 4 (16.6%), and YG 5 (4.3%). USDA QGs were observed at 7.5% Prime, 69.2% Choice, 16.4% Select, and 6.8% Other. The results of this study provide an updated look at the current grading trends of beef carcasses in the United States to drive progress in the fed beef industry.
{"title":"National Beef Quality Audit – 2022: In-plant assessments of quality and yield determining carcass characteristics of fed steers and heifers","authors":"Thachary R Mayer, Sydni E Borders, Trent E Schwartz, K. Gehring, D. Griffin, Christopher R Kerth, K. Belk, J. Scanga, Mahesh N Nair, M. Pfeiffer, G. Mafi, Keayla M Harr, T. Lawrence, T. Tennant, L. Lucherk, T. O’Quinn, Erin S. Beyer, Phil D Bass, Lyda G Garcia, Benjamin M. Bohrer, J. Pempek, A. Garmyn, R. Maddock, C. Carr, T. Pringle, Tracy L Scheffler, J. Scheffler, A. Stelzleni, John M. Gonzalez, Keith R. Underwood, Bailey N Harsh, Crystal M Waters, J. W. Savell","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA)-2022 serves as a benchmark of the current fed steer and heifer population of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress. In-plant cooler assessments and collections of beef carcass data took place from July 2021 to November 2022. During in-plant evaluations, 10% of one day’s production was surveyed for quality and yield indicating characteristics of fed beef carcasses (n = 9,746 beef carcasses). Distributions of sex classes among sampled carcasses were steer (65.0%) and heifer (35.0%), whereas distributions of breed type were native (87.7%), dairy (11.3%), and Bos indicus (0.9%). Mean values were observed for USDA YG (3.3), overall USDA QG (Choice16), marbling score (Small98), REA (91.0 cm2), AFT (1.49 cm), HCW (401.9 kg), and KPH (2.5%). Mean overall maturity was A66, with a mean lean maturity of A56 and mean skeletal maturity of A72. There were 28.1% of carcasses identified for use in a USDA-certified beef G-Schedule Program. Defects, such as dark cutting and blood splash, were observed at 1.7% and 0.5%, respectively. Distributions of USDA YG were YG 1 (8.2%), YG 2 (30.7%), YG 3 (40.2%), YG 4 (16.6%), and YG 5 (4.3%). USDA QGs were observed at 7.5% Prime, 69.2% Choice, 16.4% Select, and 6.8% Other. The results of this study provide an updated look at the current grading trends of beef carcasses in the United States to drive progress in the fed beef industry.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larissa L. Becker, J. Gebhardt, M. Tokach, R. Arentson, Michael Shields, J. Woodworth, R. Goodband, J. DeRouchey, Jenna A Seltzer, Christopher L Puls
Ionophores are feed additives that decrease gram-positive microbial populations by disrupting the ion transfer across cell membranes resulting in improved growth performance. Narasin (Skycis; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) is an FDA-approved ionophore utilized for increased rate of weight gain and improved feed efficiency in growing-finishing pigs. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of added narasin in growing-finishing pig diets to predict its influence on average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), and carcass yield. A database was developed containing 21 technical reports, abstracts, and refereed papers from 2012 to 2021 representing 35 observations for growth performance data in studies ranging from 35 to 116 days in length (overall data). In addition, within these 35 observations, individual period data was evaluated (143 observations) using weekly, bi-weekly or monthly performance intervals (period data). Regression model equations were developed, and predictor variables were assessed with a stepwise manual forward selection procedure. The ADG model using the overall data included ADG, ADFI, and G:F of the control group, added narasin dose and narasin feeding duration categorized as longer or shorter than 65 days. Predictor variables included in the G:F model using overall data were ADG, ADFI, and G:F of the control group and added narasin dose. For carcass yield, the final model included ADFI and G:F of the control group, added narasin dose and narasin feeding duration of longer than 65 days. In the period model for ADG, the predictors included ADG, ADFI, and G:F of the control group, added narasin dose and average BW of the control group categorized into greater than or less than 105 kg. For period data for G:F, the model selected ADG, ADFI, and G:F of the control group and added narasin dose. Based on the results, the overall response to added narasin for ADG and G:F was quadratic and tended to decrease as ADG and G:F increased. A similar quadratic response was observed for the individual period data. In summary, using median values from the database for predictor variables, this meta-analysis demonstrated narasin would be expected to improve ADG between 1.06 to 1.65%, G:F between 0.71 to 1.71%, and carcass yield by 0.31% when fed continuously for longer than 65 days.
{"title":"A meta-regression analysis to evaluate the effects of narasin on grow-finish pig performance","authors":"Larissa L. Becker, J. Gebhardt, M. Tokach, R. Arentson, Michael Shields, J. Woodworth, R. Goodband, J. DeRouchey, Jenna A Seltzer, Christopher L Puls","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ionophores are feed additives that decrease gram-positive microbial populations by disrupting the ion transfer across cell membranes resulting in improved growth performance. Narasin (Skycis; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) is an FDA-approved ionophore utilized for increased rate of weight gain and improved feed efficiency in growing-finishing pigs. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of added narasin in growing-finishing pig diets to predict its influence on average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), and carcass yield. A database was developed containing 21 technical reports, abstracts, and refereed papers from 2012 to 2021 representing 35 observations for growth performance data in studies ranging from 35 to 116 days in length (overall data). In addition, within these 35 observations, individual period data was evaluated (143 observations) using weekly, bi-weekly or monthly performance intervals (period data). Regression model equations were developed, and predictor variables were assessed with a stepwise manual forward selection procedure. The ADG model using the overall data included ADG, ADFI, and G:F of the control group, added narasin dose and narasin feeding duration categorized as longer or shorter than 65 days. Predictor variables included in the G:F model using overall data were ADG, ADFI, and G:F of the control group and added narasin dose. For carcass yield, the final model included ADFI and G:F of the control group, added narasin dose and narasin feeding duration of longer than 65 days. In the period model for ADG, the predictors included ADG, ADFI, and G:F of the control group, added narasin dose and average BW of the control group categorized into greater than or less than 105 kg. For period data for G:F, the model selected ADG, ADFI, and G:F of the control group and added narasin dose. Based on the results, the overall response to added narasin for ADG and G:F was quadratic and tended to decrease as ADG and G:F increased. A similar quadratic response was observed for the individual period data. In summary, using median values from the database for predictor variables, this meta-analysis demonstrated narasin would be expected to improve ADG between 1.06 to 1.65%, G:F between 0.71 to 1.71%, and carcass yield by 0.31% when fed continuously for longer than 65 days.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. M. Halpin, P. G. Lawlor, E. Arnaud, J. Teixé-Roig, J. V. O 'doherty, T. Sweeney, T. M. O’ Brien, G. E. Gardiner
The few studies that have evaluated hygiene routines in farrowing accommodation to date have focused on pathogen elimination from pens, with little attention paid to pig growth and no information provided on pig health or medication usage. This study aimed to determine if implementation of an optimised farrowing accommodation hygiene routine could improve pig health and growth and reduce medication usage pre- and post-weaning (PW). Forty seven sows were blocked on parity, previous litter size and body weight and assigned to two treatments: T1) Basic hygiene: cold water washing only with minimal drying time; T2) Optimised hygiene: use of detergent and a chlorocresol-based disinfectant with a 6-day drying time. Total bacterial counts (TBC) and Enterobacteriaceae counts and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swabs were obtained from different areas within the farrowing pens. Pig growth and medication usage were monitored from birth to slaughter and carcass data was obtained at slaughter. On entry of sows to the farrowing pens, TBC and Enterobacteriaceae counts and ATP concentrations were lower on pen surfaces subjected to the optimised compared to the basic hygiene routine (P<0.05). Pre-weaning diarrhoea prevalence was lower in pigs born into optimal compared to basic hygiene pens (0 versus 22 %; P<0.001). The number of clinical cases of disease and injections administered to piglets per litter was 75 and 79 % less for the optimised compared to the basic hygiene routine, respectively (P<0.001). This led to reductions of 77 % (P<0.001) and 75 % (P<0.01), respectively in the volume of antibiotics and anti-inflammatories administered per litter in the optimised hygiene group. Pigs from the optimised hygiene treatment were also heavier at weaning (P<0.01) and their average daily gain (ADG) was higher from day 21 to weaning and day 22-49 PW (P<0.05). However, these growth improvements did not carry through to the finisher period. In conclusion, implementation of an optimised hygiene routine reduced the bacterial load in farrowing pens, leading to a reduction in diarrhoea and clinical cases of disease and therefore, medication usage, in suckling pigs. Pig growth was also improved during the suckling and early PW periods. Based on the results, an easily implementable farrowing room hygiene protocol with demonstrable benefits for pig health, growth and welfare can be provided to farmers.
{"title":"Effect of implementing an effective farrowing accommodation hygiene routine on clinical cases of disease, medication usage and growth in suckling and weaned pigs","authors":"K. M. Halpin, P. G. Lawlor, E. Arnaud, J. Teixé-Roig, J. V. O 'doherty, T. Sweeney, T. M. O’ Brien, G. E. Gardiner","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The few studies that have evaluated hygiene routines in farrowing accommodation to date have focused on pathogen elimination from pens, with little attention paid to pig growth and no information provided on pig health or medication usage. This study aimed to determine if implementation of an optimised farrowing accommodation hygiene routine could improve pig health and growth and reduce medication usage pre- and post-weaning (PW). Forty seven sows were blocked on parity, previous litter size and body weight and assigned to two treatments: T1) Basic hygiene: cold water washing only with minimal drying time; T2) Optimised hygiene: use of detergent and a chlorocresol-based disinfectant with a 6-day drying time. Total bacterial counts (TBC) and Enterobacteriaceae counts and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swabs were obtained from different areas within the farrowing pens. Pig growth and medication usage were monitored from birth to slaughter and carcass data was obtained at slaughter. On entry of sows to the farrowing pens, TBC and Enterobacteriaceae counts and ATP concentrations were lower on pen surfaces subjected to the optimised compared to the basic hygiene routine (P<0.05). Pre-weaning diarrhoea prevalence was lower in pigs born into optimal compared to basic hygiene pens (0 versus 22 %; P<0.001). The number of clinical cases of disease and injections administered to piglets per litter was 75 and 79 % less for the optimised compared to the basic hygiene routine, respectively (P<0.001). This led to reductions of 77 % (P<0.001) and 75 % (P<0.01), respectively in the volume of antibiotics and anti-inflammatories administered per litter in the optimised hygiene group. Pigs from the optimised hygiene treatment were also heavier at weaning (P<0.01) and their average daily gain (ADG) was higher from day 21 to weaning and day 22-49 PW (P<0.05). However, these growth improvements did not carry through to the finisher period. In conclusion, implementation of an optimised hygiene routine reduced the bacterial load in farrowing pens, leading to a reduction in diarrhoea and clinical cases of disease and therefore, medication usage, in suckling pigs. Pig growth was also improved during the suckling and early PW periods. Based on the results, an easily implementable farrowing room hygiene protocol with demonstrable benefits for pig health, growth and welfare can be provided to farmers.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a 10 weeks’ study, alterations in the rate of fertility, egg viability and hatch parameters of adult geese exposed to different breeding methods were investigated. Twenty-four matured geese (4.0±0.45 average weight) were randomly divided into 3 groups (TNM - Natural mating group, TIM – Artificial insemination group, TNI – Natural mating and insemination group) of 2 replicates with 4 geese per replicate in a completely randomised design. Fresh semen collected from six ganders (5.2±0.69 average weight) was pooled and used to inseminate the geese in TIM and TN1 at 0.2Ml at insemination times. The geese in TNM and TNI were allowed to mate naturally. Insemination and mating was done at 3 days’ interval and eggs from each treatment were collected daily. Incubation of eggs was done weekly, candling and transfer to hatcher were done on day 27 and goslings hatched out on day 30. Fertility, early embryo mortality (EEM), mid embryo mortality (MEM), late embryo mortality (LEM), hatch of fertile eggs (HOF) and hatch of set eggs (HOS) were obtained and analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA and means separated using Least significant difference test. Geese in TNI had significantly higher fertility (93.33±10.97%) than TNM (59.67±31.29%) and TIM (83.60±17.14%). The EEM was higher in TIM than in the two other groups while the HOF and HOS were higher in TNM and TNI than in TIM. This study suggests that in comparison with TIM, higher fertility, hatchability and lower embryo mortality can be obtained when geese are inseminated and naturally mated simultaneously.
{"title":"Alterations in the rate of fertility, egg viability and hatch parameters of adult geese exposed to different breeding methods","authors":"A. E. Toluwani, E. E. Olubisi","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae094","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In a 10 weeks’ study, alterations in the rate of fertility, egg viability and hatch parameters of adult geese exposed to different breeding methods were investigated. Twenty-four matured geese (4.0±0.45 average weight) were randomly divided into 3 groups (TNM - Natural mating group, TIM – Artificial insemination group, TNI – Natural mating and insemination group) of 2 replicates with 4 geese per replicate in a completely randomised design. Fresh semen collected from six ganders (5.2±0.69 average weight) was pooled and used to inseminate the geese in TIM and TN1 at 0.2Ml at insemination times. The geese in TNM and TNI were allowed to mate naturally. Insemination and mating was done at 3 days’ interval and eggs from each treatment were collected daily. Incubation of eggs was done weekly, candling and transfer to hatcher were done on day 27 and goslings hatched out on day 30. Fertility, early embryo mortality (EEM), mid embryo mortality (MEM), late embryo mortality (LEM), hatch of fertile eggs (HOF) and hatch of set eggs (HOS) were obtained and analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA and means separated using Least significant difference test. Geese in TNI had significantly higher fertility (93.33±10.97%) than TNM (59.67±31.29%) and TIM (83.60±17.14%). The EEM was higher in TIM than in the two other groups while the HOF and HOS were higher in TNM and TNI than in TIM. This study suggests that in comparison with TIM, higher fertility, hatchability and lower embryo mortality can be obtained when geese are inseminated and naturally mated simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chantal Farmer, Sylvie-Anne Bolduc, Frédérick Guay, I. Cormier
The goal of this project was to determine the effects of a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin given to gilts or multiparous sows 8 to 12 h after the end of farrowing on the performance of their progeny. Sows from three parity groups (1 = parity 1; 2 = parities 2, 3 and 4; 3 = parities 5 to 14) received no injection (CTL, controls; n = 17, 27 and 23 for parity groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) or one intramuscular injection of 75 IU of oxytocin (OXY, n = 17, 24 and 26 for parity groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) 8 to 12 h after birth of the last piglet. Colostrum samples were obtained 8 h after oxytocin injection in 18 sows from parity group 2 (CTL, n = 10; OXY, n = 8). Standard milk composition was measured as well as the Na/K ratio, and IGF-1, IgG and IgA concentrations. The same sows were used to obtain blood samples from four male piglets of average litter BW 8 h post-treatment to measure concentrations of IGF-1, IgG, and IgA. Piglets and sows were weighed at farrowing and weaning (day 21) and sow feed intake and piglet mortality were recorded. There was no effect of OXY on sow or piglet BW at any measured times and percent pre-weaning piglet mortality was not affected by OXY or parity. First-parity sows had lower BW than multiparous sows at both times (P < 0.001), and piglet average daily gain from birth to weaning was greater in parity group 2 compared with first-parity litters (P < 0.05). Average daily sow feed intake over the first week of lactation tended to be greater in OXY versus CTL sows (P = 0.07), and multiparous sows consumed more feed than first-parity sows on all weeks of lactation (P < 0.001). Eight hours after treatment, there was a tendency for colostral Na to be greater in OXY versus CTL sows (P = 0.06), and none of the measured variables in piglet blood were affected by treatment. In conclusion, injecting 75 IU of oxytocin 8 to 12 h after birth of the last piglet did not prolong the period of colostrogenesis or improve the growth or survival of piglets and this was consistent across parities.
{"title":"Injecting postpartal gilts or sows with a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin: effects on sow and piglet performances","authors":"Chantal Farmer, Sylvie-Anne Bolduc, Frédérick Guay, I. Cormier","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The goal of this project was to determine the effects of a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin given to gilts or multiparous sows 8 to 12 h after the end of farrowing on the performance of their progeny. Sows from three parity groups (1 = parity 1; 2 = parities 2, 3 and 4; 3 = parities 5 to 14) received no injection (CTL, controls; n = 17, 27 and 23 for parity groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) or one intramuscular injection of 75 IU of oxytocin (OXY, n = 17, 24 and 26 for parity groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) 8 to 12 h after birth of the last piglet. Colostrum samples were obtained 8 h after oxytocin injection in 18 sows from parity group 2 (CTL, n = 10; OXY, n = 8). Standard milk composition was measured as well as the Na/K ratio, and IGF-1, IgG and IgA concentrations. The same sows were used to obtain blood samples from four male piglets of average litter BW 8 h post-treatment to measure concentrations of IGF-1, IgG, and IgA. Piglets and sows were weighed at farrowing and weaning (day 21) and sow feed intake and piglet mortality were recorded. There was no effect of OXY on sow or piglet BW at any measured times and percent pre-weaning piglet mortality was not affected by OXY or parity. First-parity sows had lower BW than multiparous sows at both times (P < 0.001), and piglet average daily gain from birth to weaning was greater in parity group 2 compared with first-parity litters (P < 0.05). Average daily sow feed intake over the first week of lactation tended to be greater in OXY versus CTL sows (P = 0.07), and multiparous sows consumed more feed than first-parity sows on all weeks of lactation (P < 0.001). Eight hours after treatment, there was a tendency for colostral Na to be greater in OXY versus CTL sows (P = 0.06), and none of the measured variables in piglet blood were affected by treatment. In conclusion, injecting 75 IU of oxytocin 8 to 12 h after birth of the last piglet did not prolong the period of colostrogenesis or improve the growth or survival of piglets and this was consistent across parities.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jameson Brennan, I. Parsons, Meredith Harrison, H. Menendez
Advancements in technology have ushered in a new era of sensor-based measurement and management of livestock production systems. These sensor-based technologies have the ability to automatically monitor feeding, growth, and enteric emissions for individual animals across confined and extensive production systems. One challenge with sensor-based technologies are the large amount of data generated, which can be difficult to access, process, visualize, and monitor information in real time to ensure equipment is working properly and animals are utilizing it correctly. A solution to this problem is the development of application programming interfaces (APIs) to automate downloading, visualizing, and summarizing datasets generated from precision livestock technology. For this methods paper, we develop three APIs and accompanying processes for rapid data acquisition, visualization, systems tracking, and summary statistics for three technologies (SmartScale™, SmartFeed™, and GreenFeed™) manufactured by C-Lock Inc (Rapid City, SD). Program R markdown documents and example datasets are provided to facilitate greater adoption of these techniques and to further advance precision livestock technology. The methodology presented successfully downloaded data from the cloud and generated a series of visualizations to conduct systems checks, animal usage rates, and calculate summary statistics. These tools will be essential for further adoption of precision technology. There is huge potential to further leverage APIs to incorporate a wide range of datasets such as weather data, animal locations, and sensor data to facilitate decision-making on times scales relevant to researchers and livestock managers.
技术的进步开创了以传感器为基础的畜牧生产系统测量和管理的新时代。这些基于传感器的技术能够自动监测封闭式和大规模生产系统中个体动物的采食、生长和肠道排放情况。基于传感器的技术面临的一个挑战是产生的大量数据难以实时访问、处理、可视化和监控信息，以确保设备正常工作和动物正确使用。解决这一问题的方法是开发应用编程接口 (API)，以便自动下载、可视化和汇总精准畜牧技术生成的数据集。在这篇方法论文中，我们为 C-Lock 公司（Rapid City, SD）生产的三种技术（SmartScale™、SmartFeed™ 和 GreenFeed™）开发了三种应用程序接口（API）和配套流程，用于快速数据采集、可视化、系统跟踪和汇总统计。我们提供了程序 R 标记文档和示例数据集，以促进这些技术的更广泛应用，并进一步推动精准畜牧技术的发展。所介绍的方法成功地从云中下载了数据，并生成了一系列可视化数据，用于进行系统检查、动物使用率和计算汇总统计数据。这些工具对于进一步采用精准技术至关重要。进一步利用应用程序接口（API）纳入气象数据、动物位置和传感器数据等广泛的数据集，以促进研究人员和牲畜管理者在相关时间尺度上的决策，还有巨大的潜力。
{"title":"Development of an Application Programming Interface (API) to automate downloading and processing of precision livestock data","authors":"Jameson Brennan, I. Parsons, Meredith Harrison, H. Menendez","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Advancements in technology have ushered in a new era of sensor-based measurement and management of livestock production systems. These sensor-based technologies have the ability to automatically monitor feeding, growth, and enteric emissions for individual animals across confined and extensive production systems. One challenge with sensor-based technologies are the large amount of data generated, which can be difficult to access, process, visualize, and monitor information in real time to ensure equipment is working properly and animals are utilizing it correctly. A solution to this problem is the development of application programming interfaces (APIs) to automate downloading, visualizing, and summarizing datasets generated from precision livestock technology. For this methods paper, we develop three APIs and accompanying processes for rapid data acquisition, visualization, systems tracking, and summary statistics for three technologies (SmartScale™, SmartFeed™, and GreenFeed™) manufactured by C-Lock Inc (Rapid City, SD). Program R markdown documents and example datasets are provided to facilitate greater adoption of these techniques and to further advance precision livestock technology. The methodology presented successfully downloaded data from the cloud and generated a series of visualizations to conduct systems checks, animal usage rates, and calculate summary statistics. These tools will be essential for further adoption of precision technology. There is huge potential to further leverage APIs to incorporate a wide range of datasets such as weather data, animal locations, and sensor data to facilitate decision-making on times scales relevant to researchers and livestock managers.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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