A large quantity of fruit waste is generated in the country which goes into waste creating a number of environmental issues. This fruit waste can effectively be utilized as a substrate to produce single cell proteins. The objective of the present study was to produce single cell proteins from locally available papaya (Carica papaya), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and banana fruit (Musa spp.) peel using natural palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer) toddy yeast under liquid state fermentation system. Physiochemical properties: Total Soluble Solids (TSS), reducing sugar, pH, moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of peel samples were determine d. Each extract was separately filtered and diluted to 10% with distilled water and subsequently autoclaved. The sterilized peel extracts were inoculated with 5 mL natural palmyrah toddy in triplicate and allowed for fermentation in a shaking incubator at 100 rpm for 48 h. The sediment was collected by centrifugation, oven dried and then the dry weight and protein content were determined. Papaya peel extract generated significantly (p<0.05) higher amount of protein (52.4 ± 0.4%) followed by watermelon (45.2 ± 0.7%) and banana (30.4 ± 0.6%). The fermentation conditions were optimized for SCP production using papaya peel. Protein content observed at 10% substrate concentration, pH 5.0, at 25ᵒC and 24 h of fermentation were 55.6 ± 0.4%, 53.2 ± 0.7%, 54.5 ± 3.6% and 59.1 ± 0.8%, respectively. Based on the results obtained, papaya peel extract is found to be the best substrate for the SCP production. Natural and locally available papaya peel waste could be a good source for the production of protein-rich cell biomass using liquid state fermentation system by natural toddy yeast of palmyrah.
{"title":"Bioconversion of Fruit Wastes of Papaya, Watermelon, and Banana into Single Cell Protein Production","authors":"P. Thiviya, R. Kapilan, T. Madhujith","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8518","url":null,"abstract":"A large quantity of fruit waste is generated in the country which goes into waste creating a number of environmental issues. This fruit waste can effectively be utilized as a substrate to produce single cell proteins. The objective of the present study was to produce single cell proteins from locally available papaya (Carica papaya), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and banana fruit (Musa spp.) peel using natural palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer) toddy yeast under liquid state fermentation system. Physiochemical properties: Total Soluble Solids (TSS), reducing sugar, pH, moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of peel samples were determine d. Each extract was separately filtered and diluted to 10% with distilled water and subsequently autoclaved. The sterilized peel extracts were inoculated with 5 mL natural palmyrah toddy in triplicate and allowed for fermentation in a shaking incubator at 100 rpm for 48 h. The sediment was collected by centrifugation, oven dried and then the dry weight and protein content were determined. Papaya peel extract generated significantly (p<0.05) higher amount of protein (52.4 ± 0.4%) followed by watermelon (45.2 ± 0.7%) and banana (30.4 ± 0.6%). The fermentation conditions were optimized for SCP production using papaya peel. Protein content observed at 10% substrate concentration, pH 5.0, at 25ᵒC and 24 h of fermentation were 55.6 ± 0.4%, 53.2 ± 0.7%, 54.5 ± 3.6% and 59.1 ± 0.8%, respectively. Based on the results obtained, papaya peel extract is found to be the best substrate for the SCP production. Natural and locally available papaya peel waste could be a good source for the production of protein-rich cell biomass using liquid state fermentation system by natural toddy yeast of palmyrah.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42575538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides a quantitative assessment of the likely economy-wide impacts of tariff cuts and productivity improvements in agriculture for Sri Lanka. A static, multisector, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, using the Supply and Use Table (SUT) of 2010, was employed highlighting specified agricultural sub-sectors and their interactions with other production sectors in the economy. Constructing a CGE model entailed the development of a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) to represent the Sri Lankan economy. The SUT, household income and expenditure survey, economic stat of the Department of Census and Statistics, and economic data library of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka were used to develop the SAM. The SAM was used to calibrate the CGE model. Coding and operationalization of the CGE model were executed using the PATH solver of the General Algebraic Modeling System software using a modified version of the standard CGE model. Production was specified as a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function whereas consumption was specified as a Linear Expenditure System (LES). Using the HIES data, the LES was estimated using a seemingly unrelated regression model. The CGE model included a representative household, two factors of production i.e., labor and capital, commodities, activities, the government, savings, and investment and trade. Productivity improvements in the selected agricultural subsectors lead to a significant positive response in the paddy, vegetables, coconut growing, and livestock sectors. However, productivity improvements in the specified agricultural sectors lead to a decline in demand for labor because of improved primary factor productivity and the decline of market prices. A cut in prevailing tariffs in agricultural industries shows negative impacts on households as a whole.
{"title":"Economy-wide Impacts of Tariff Cuts and Productivity Improvements in Agriculture: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis for Sri Lanka","authors":"C. Swarnathilake, S. Weerasooriya","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8508","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a quantitative assessment of the likely economy-wide impacts of tariff cuts and productivity improvements in agriculture for Sri Lanka. A static, multisector, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, using the Supply and Use Table (SUT) of 2010, was employed highlighting specified agricultural sub-sectors and their interactions with other production sectors in the economy. Constructing a CGE model entailed the development of a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) to represent the Sri Lankan economy. The SUT, household income and expenditure survey, economic stat of the Department of Census and Statistics, and economic data library of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka were used to develop the SAM. The SAM was used to calibrate the CGE model. Coding and operationalization of the CGE model were executed using the PATH solver of the General Algebraic Modeling System software using a modified version of the standard CGE model. Production was specified as a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function whereas consumption was specified as a Linear Expenditure System (LES). Using the HIES data, the LES was estimated using a seemingly unrelated regression model. The CGE model included a representative household, two factors of production i.e., labor and capital, commodities, activities, the government, savings, and investment and trade. Productivity improvements in the selected agricultural subsectors lead to a significant positive response in the paddy, vegetables, coconut growing, and livestock sectors. However, productivity improvements in the specified agricultural sectors lead to a decline in demand for labor because of improved primary factor productivity and the decline of market prices. A cut in prevailing tariffs in agricultural industries shows negative impacts on households as a whole.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44322496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid population growth and increase of economic activities combined with a lack of training in modern solid waste management practices complicate the efforts to improve the solid waste services. Poor waste management has led to indiscrimin ate dumping of solid waste into open spaces and drainages, blocking drains and causing flooding, environment pollution and public health issues. Collecting fees from the public can support finance for improving waste management service. This study intended to evaluate willingness to pay (WTP) of households for improved solid waste collection service in two selected zones of Kalmunai municipal council area. The survey covered 140 households using a stratified simple random sampling method from two selected zones. This study used a contingent valuation method to elicit households’ WTP and multiple linear regression models to determine factors influencing WTP. The household willingness to pay was significantly affected by gender, education, average income, householder’s concern about environment and cost of collecting 1 kg of waste. Gender and education were statistically significant at p<0.05, average income and cost of collecting 1kg of waste were statistically significant at p<0.1 and householder’s concern about environment was statistically significant at p<0.01. The results of this study show that the mean willingness to pay of households to organic/kitchen waste and plastic/paper waste was LKR 2.8/kg and LKR 2.63/kg, respectively.
{"title":"Assessing the Potential for an Improved Solid Waste Collection in Kalmunai, Sri Lanka: An Analysis of Willingness to Pay","authors":"A. Dilsath, D. Prasada","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8512","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid population growth and increase of economic activities combined with a lack of training in modern solid waste management practices complicate the efforts to improve the solid waste services. Poor waste management has led to indiscrimin ate dumping of solid waste into open spaces and drainages, blocking drains and causing flooding, environment pollution and public health issues. Collecting fees from the public can support finance for improving waste management service. This study intended to evaluate willingness to pay (WTP) of households for improved solid waste collection service in two selected zones of Kalmunai municipal council area. The survey covered 140 households using a stratified simple random sampling method from two selected zones. This study used a contingent valuation method to elicit households’ WTP and multiple linear regression models to determine factors influencing WTP. The household willingness to pay was significantly affected by gender, education, average income, householder’s concern about environment and cost of collecting 1 kg of waste. Gender and education were statistically significant at p<0.05, average income and cost of collecting 1kg of waste were statistically significant at p<0.1 and householder’s concern about environment was statistically significant at p<0.01. The results of this study show that the mean willingness to pay of households to organic/kitchen waste and plastic/paper waste was LKR 2.8/kg and LKR 2.63/kg, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45229165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Dry Zone of Sri Lanka is highly vulnerable to water scarcity and hence, adaptation is considered as the key approach in reducing its impacts, especially in the agriculture sector. In this context, a study was conducted to investigate the impacts of farm level and community level adaptation strategies for water scarcity on livelihood and household food security of farmers in Horivila-Palugaswewa and Sivalakulama cascades in Anuradhapura District. Questionnaire survey with two purposive sampling with adapted and non-adapted groups was used for data collection. Use of alternative water source (agro-wells), kekulama or bethma cultivation, and home gardening with vegetable and fruit cultivation were the main strategies considered to distinguish adapted group from the non-adapted group. Man n-Whitney-U test and two sample t-test were used to check statistical significance (p
{"title":"Impacts of Water Scarcity Induced Adaptation Strategies on Livelihood and Household Food Security of Farming Community of Horivila-Palugaswewa and Sivalakulama Cascades of Sri Lanka","authors":"M. Dilini, E. Gunawardena, S. Pathmarajah","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8510","url":null,"abstract":"The Dry Zone of Sri Lanka is highly vulnerable to water scarcity and hence, adaptation is considered as the key approach in reducing its impacts, especially in the agriculture sector. In this context, a study was conducted to investigate the impacts of farm level and community level adaptation strategies for water scarcity on livelihood and household food security of farmers in Horivila-Palugaswewa and Sivalakulama cascades in Anuradhapura District. Questionnaire survey with two purposive sampling with adapted and non-adapted groups was used for data collection. Use of alternative water source (agro-wells), kekulama or bethma cultivation, and home gardening with vegetable and fruit cultivation were the main strategies considered to distinguish adapted group from the non-adapted group. Man n-Whitney-U test and two sample t-test were used to check statistical significance (p","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44740341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sahibzada, D. Hemachandra, S. Weerasooriya, J. Weerahewa
There is growing interest and efforts by the governments of South Asian countries to improve the competitiveness of domestic edible oil production with the objective of substituting for imports. This study evaluates and compares the comparative advantage and social profitability of the production of edible oils in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach. The data required for this analysis were obtained from the Input-Output (I-O) table of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Database (Version 10). Edible oils include animal fats, vegetable oils, margarine, and oil cake. Plant and animal sources, extraction, wearing, and electronic manufactures were treated as tradable inputs, while labor and capital were treated as non-tradable inputs. Results revealed that edible oils output is highly protected in Bangladesh while the inputs are highly protected in Pakistan. Production of edible oils, is a socially profitable activity in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka and they have a comparative advantage which is attributed to the low cost of non -tradable inputs. Conversely, edible oil production is not socially profitable in Bangladesh and the social cost of non-tradable inputs is higher than those of other inputs. It shows that Bangladesh does not have a comparative advantage in edible oil production. Inputs extracted from plant sources are highly taxed in Pakistan, and hence its comparative advantage is not revealed in export statistics. It is recommended that distortions in edible oil industry be removed to realize its comparative advantage.
{"title":"Comparative Advantage of Edible Oil Production in South Asia: An Assessment Using the Policy Analysis Matrix","authors":"S. Sahibzada, D. Hemachandra, S. Weerasooriya, J. Weerahewa","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8517","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing interest and efforts by the governments of South Asian countries to improve the competitiveness of domestic edible oil production with the objective of substituting for imports. This study evaluates and compares the comparative advantage and social profitability of the production of edible oils in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach. The data required for this analysis were obtained from the Input-Output (I-O) table of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Database (Version 10). Edible oils include animal fats, vegetable oils, margarine, and oil cake. Plant and animal sources, extraction, wearing, and electronic manufactures were treated as tradable inputs, while labor and capital were treated as non-tradable inputs. Results revealed that edible oils output is highly protected in Bangladesh while the inputs are highly protected in Pakistan. Production of edible oils, is a socially profitable activity in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka and they have a comparative advantage which is attributed to the low cost of non -tradable inputs. Conversely, edible oil production is not socially profitable in Bangladesh and the social cost of non-tradable inputs is higher than those of other inputs. It shows that Bangladesh does not have a comparative advantage in edible oil production. Inputs extracted from plant sources are highly taxed in Pakistan, and hence its comparative advantage is not revealed in export statistics. It is recommended that distortions in edible oil industry be removed to realize its comparative advantage.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70200419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soilless culture is the most popular cultivation method in greenhouse farming and fertigation in soilless culture determine s the qualitative and quantitatively yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The demand for plant nutrients vary with the surrounding environment, growing medium, and plant growth stages of the crops. Most recommended fertilizer dosages for greenhouse crops have been developed to match with the environmental conditions in the temperate region. This study attempted to identify the optimum potassium (K) fertilizer application rates for different growth stages of tomato grown in soilless culture under semi intensive greenhouse environment (31±2°C daytime temperature and 75% relative humidity). Selected dosages of K for greenhouse tomato (K treatments) were compared at advancing growth stages (0.05-0.4, 0.1-0.55, 0.2-0.6 and 0.25-0.65 g/plant/day) in a replicated trial. At the end of each growth stage, plant growth parameters and leaf tissue nutrients were assessed to compare the K application rates. Based on growth parameters, marketable yield and plant nutrient contents, the optimum K fertilizer application rates for vegetative, early reproductive, middle reproductive and late reproductive growth stages of tomato were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.35 g/plant/da y, respectively. These application rates were able to maintain the plant tissue K concentrations of 2.5, 2.1, 2.5 and 2.8% at respective growth stages. Optimum K application rates identified in this study would be useful for making growth specific fertigation recommendations for greenhouse tomato grown in soilless culture under tropical conditions in order to make protected culture is more cost effective and environmental friendly.
{"title":"Potassium Application Rates for Tomato Grown in Soilless Culture under Hot and Humid Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"H. Erabadupitiya, W. Weerakkody, K. Nandasena","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8514","url":null,"abstract":"Soilless culture is the most popular cultivation method in greenhouse farming and fertigation in soilless culture determine s the qualitative and quantitatively yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The demand for plant nutrients vary with the surrounding environment, growing medium, and plant growth stages of the crops. Most recommended fertilizer dosages for greenhouse crops have been developed to match with the environmental conditions in the temperate region. This study attempted to identify the optimum potassium (K) fertilizer application rates for different growth stages of tomato grown in soilless culture under semi intensive greenhouse environment (31±2°C daytime temperature and 75% relative humidity). Selected dosages of K for greenhouse tomato (K treatments) were compared at advancing growth stages (0.05-0.4, 0.1-0.55, 0.2-0.6 and 0.25-0.65 g/plant/day) in a replicated trial. At the end of each growth stage, plant growth parameters and leaf tissue nutrients were assessed to compare the K application rates. Based on growth parameters, marketable yield and plant nutrient contents, the optimum K fertilizer application rates for vegetative, early reproductive, middle reproductive and late reproductive growth stages of tomato were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.35 g/plant/da y, respectively. These application rates were able to maintain the plant tissue K concentrations of 2.5, 2.1, 2.5 and 2.8% at respective growth stages. Optimum K application rates identified in this study would be useful for making growth specific fertigation recommendations for greenhouse tomato grown in soilless culture under tropical conditions in order to make protected culture is more cost effective and environmental friendly.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is estimated that 56% of the annual production of potato starch in Europe is destined to the food industry while the remaining 44% is divided between chemical textile and paper industries. Native potato starch is subjected to modification processes that improve its functional properties such as gelatinization temperature, retrogradation time, resistance to viscosity loss and solubility, to be able to be used in different refrigerate d and non-refrigerated food as stabilizing agents and thickeners. The use of chemical substances during chemical modification processes usually degrades some rheological characteristics of starch, in addition the process itself may be harmful to human health and the environment. On the other hand, physical modification using emerging technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, microwave and ultrasound are shown as potential alternatives, since they offer some advantage s such as higher productivity, performance, lower consumption of organic solvents, shorter processing time and it is more environmentally friendly by not generating hazardous industrial waste. The objective of this review is to provide updated information on the application of emerging technologies in potato starch and its potential to improve functional properties.
{"title":"Modification of Potato Starch by Emerging Technologies","authors":"Jhoseline S. Guillén","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8516","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that 56% of the annual production of potato starch in Europe is destined to the food industry while the remaining 44% is divided between chemical textile and paper industries. Native potato starch is subjected to modification processes that improve its functional properties such as gelatinization temperature, retrogradation time, resistance to viscosity loss and solubility, to be able to be used in different refrigerate d and non-refrigerated food as stabilizing agents and thickeners. The use of chemical substances during chemical modification processes usually degrades some rheological characteristics of starch, in addition the process itself may be harmful to human health and the environment. On the other hand, physical modification using emerging technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, microwave and ultrasound are shown as potential alternatives, since they offer some advantage s such as higher productivity, performance, lower consumption of organic solvents, shorter processing time and it is more environmentally friendly by not generating hazardous industrial waste. The objective of this review is to provide updated information on the application of emerging technologies in potato starch and its potential to improve functional properties.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43385471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. W. Abeygunawardana, P. Pushpakumara, H. M. S. Wasana, W. Rathnakumara, B. Alexander
Fertility assessment of semen donor bulls used in Artificial Insemination programs is an important step in improving dairy industry in Sri Lanka. A study was conducted to evaluate the fertility of semen donor bulls using semen parameters and respective pregnancy rates. The semen donor bulls (n =21) in the Central Artificial Inseminations Station, Kundasale were selected for the study, and the hypo-osmotic swelling test was performed for both fresh and frozen semen of each bull. Data were analysed using statistical function of Excel software version 2010. Presence of high percentage of hypo-osmotic swelling positive spermatozoa in both fresh and post-thawed frozen semen indicated that all bulls studied were highly fertile. A total of 49255 AIs has been performed in four provinces with an overall pregnancy rate of 28.2%. The highest pregnancy rate of 57.6% was recorded in the Northern Province and the lowest pregnancy rate of 22.5% was recorded in the Central Province. The study revealed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in semen quality among individual bulls or among breeds. Al though the semen quality of the bulls was in the acceptable range, the pregnancy rate differed significantly (p<0.05) according to the area. In addition, the overall pregnancy rate was (28.2 %) below the acceptable level. Further studies are required to investigate factors associated with semen quality and the low pregnancy rates observed in some of the areas.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Semen Quality of Donor Bulls in the Central Artificial Insemination Station (CAIS), Kundasale, Sri Lanka","authors":"W. W. Abeygunawardana, P. Pushpakumara, H. M. S. Wasana, W. Rathnakumara, B. Alexander","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8511","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility assessment of semen donor bulls used in Artificial Insemination programs is an important step in improving dairy industry in Sri Lanka. A study was conducted to evaluate the fertility of semen donor bulls using semen parameters and respective pregnancy rates. The semen donor bulls (n =21) in the Central Artificial Inseminations Station, Kundasale were selected for the study, and the hypo-osmotic swelling test was performed for both fresh and frozen semen of each bull. Data were analysed using statistical function of Excel software version 2010. Presence of high percentage of hypo-osmotic swelling positive spermatozoa in both fresh and post-thawed frozen semen indicated that all bulls studied were highly fertile. A total of 49255 AIs has been performed in four provinces with an overall pregnancy rate of 28.2%. The highest pregnancy rate of 57.6% was recorded in the Northern Province and the lowest pregnancy rate of 22.5% was recorded in the Central Province. The study revealed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in semen quality among individual bulls or among breeds. Al though the semen quality of the bulls was in the acceptable range, the pregnancy rate differed significantly (p<0.05) according to the area. In addition, the overall pregnancy rate was (28.2 %) below the acceptable level. Further studies are required to investigate factors associated with semen quality and the low pregnancy rates observed in some of the areas.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43183607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. L. D. Wasana, A. P. G. S. D. Silva, N. Gunawardana, D. Illeperuma, Piyatilak Bandara Weerasinghe, W. M. D. C. Weerathunga, S. Ekanayake, T. Madhujith
The relationship between the dietary consumption of unsaturated fatty acids with trans configuration and increased risk of coronary heart diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus among others is well established. The sources of intake of trans fats mainly include foods produced using partially hydrogenated oils, fried snack s and baked goods. Fried and baked foods available at eateries, restaurants and sold by roadside vendors are very popular among Sri Lankans. Moreover, home-made fried foods are regularly consumed in the country. Furthermore, reuse of frying oils also contributes to generation of trans fats. Therefore, fried foods are suspected to contain high quantities of trans fat. The present study was designed to quantify the trans fat level of selected processed foods collected from Colombo district. The total fat (saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)) and trans fatty acid (TFA) contents of food samples were analyzed using GLC. Trans fat content ranged from 0.00 – 1.50 g/100 g in food samples tested. The highest trans fat content was observed in chilli paste samples. Fried rice, collected from Colombo district also contained 0.91 g/100 g of food. It was revealed that the other food items contain <1g / 100 g of trans fatty acid.
{"title":"Study on Trans Fat Content of Selected Foods Commercially Available in Colombo District of Sri Lanka","authors":"M. L. D. Wasana, A. P. G. S. D. Silva, N. Gunawardana, D. Illeperuma, Piyatilak Bandara Weerasinghe, W. M. D. C. Weerathunga, S. Ekanayake, T. Madhujith","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i4.8515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i4.8515","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between the dietary consumption of unsaturated fatty acids with trans configuration and increased risk of coronary heart diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus among others is well established. The sources of intake of trans fats mainly include foods produced using partially hydrogenated oils, fried snack s and baked goods. Fried and baked foods available at eateries, restaurants and sold by roadside vendors are very popular among Sri Lankans. Moreover, home-made fried foods are regularly consumed in the country. Furthermore, reuse of frying oils also contributes to generation of trans fats. Therefore, fried foods are suspected to contain high quantities of trans fat. The present study was designed to quantify the trans fat level of selected processed foods collected from Colombo district. The total fat (saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)) and trans fatty acid (TFA) contents of food samples were analyzed using GLC. Trans fat content ranged from 0.00 – 1.50 g/100 g in food samples tested. The highest trans fat content was observed in chilli paste samples. Fried rice, collected from Colombo district also contained 0.91 g/100 g of food. It was revealed that the other food items contain <1g / 100 g of trans fatty acid.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a potential to formulate cost effective aquafeeds using seaweeds in the littoral zone of the coastal belt of Sri Lanka. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of seaweed supplemented diets on the growth of Koi carp. The experimental set up consisted of a control (C) and two experimental treatments (T1 and T2). The control diet (without seaweed) and the two test diets, of which 30% of the weight of control diet was replaced by Ulva lactuca and Sargassum cinereum were fed to Koi carps in C, T1 and T2 respectively. Proximate analyses were carried out for both ingredients, and the diets were prepared following standard methods. Koi carp in fry stage belonging to the same cohort (weight 2.20±0.08 g, length 3.89±0.04 cm) were assigned to C, T1 and T2 in fiber tanks filled with 150L of water (n=20 per tank) with four replicates each. The fish were fed 5% of their body weight twice a day (09.00h and 15.00h) for 14 weeks. The length and weight measurements were recorded once in two weeks. Fish performance was compared using Body Weight Gain (BWG), Daily Growth Rate (DGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Efficiency (FE), Fulton’s Condition Factor and survival rates. At the end 14th week of the experiment, mean values of the weight, length, BWG, DGR showed a significant difference (p 0.05) among treatments. There was a 100% survival rate in all groups. Aquafeeds supplemented with seaweeds showed promising results in terms of increasing growth rates of young Koi carps.
{"title":"Effect of Ulva lactuca and Sargassum cinereum Supplemented Diets on Growth Performance of Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) Fry in Laboratory Conditions","authors":"K. G. A. Sudharaka, D. Munasinghe, W. Guruge","doi":"10.4038/tar.v32i3.8499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i3.8499","url":null,"abstract":"There is a potential to formulate cost effective aquafeeds using seaweeds in the littoral zone of the coastal belt of Sri Lanka. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of seaweed supplemented diets on the growth of Koi carp. The experimental set up consisted of a control (C) and two experimental treatments (T1 and T2). The control diet (without seaweed) and the two test diets, of which 30% of the weight of control diet was replaced by Ulva lactuca and Sargassum cinereum were fed to Koi carps in C, T1 and T2 respectively. Proximate analyses were carried out for both ingredients, and the diets were prepared following standard methods. Koi carp in fry stage belonging to the same cohort (weight 2.20±0.08 g, length 3.89±0.04 cm) were assigned to C, T1 and T2 in fiber tanks filled with 150L of water (n=20 per tank) with four replicates each. The fish were fed 5% of their body weight twice a day (09.00h and 15.00h) for 14 weeks. The length and weight measurements were recorded once in two weeks. Fish performance was compared using Body Weight Gain (BWG), Daily Growth Rate (DGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Efficiency (FE), Fulton’s Condition Factor and survival rates. At the end 14th week of the experiment, mean values of the weight, length, BWG, DGR showed a significant difference (p 0.05) among treatments. There was a 100% survival rate in all groups. Aquafeeds supplemented with seaweeds showed promising results in terms of increasing growth rates of young Koi carps.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42117818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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