Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is a devastating disease of sugarcane. As a management strategy, seed sets of resistant varieties treat with fungicides after the hot water treatment. As a novel management strategy, we evaluated the possibility of using low concentrations of fungicides and synthetic elicitors under in vitro and field conditions. Three fungicides (i.e. Tebuconazole, Hexaconazole, and Metalaxyl 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % WP) and two synthetic elicitors (i.e. salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)) were tested in vitro at four concentrations (i.e. 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm) for their efficacy on inhibition of the germination of smut teliospores. Tebuconazole, Hexaconazole,
{"title":"Management of Sugarcane Smut Disease using Triazole Fungicides and Synthetic Elicitors","authors":"A. Thushari, D. D. De Costa","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i2.8554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i2.8554","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is a devastating disease of sugarcane. As a management strategy, seed sets of resistant varieties treat with fungicides after the hot water treatment. As a novel management strategy, we evaluated the possibility of using low concentrations of fungicides and synthetic elicitors under in vitro and field conditions. Three fungicides (i.e. Tebuconazole, Hexaconazole, and Metalaxyl 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % WP) and two synthetic elicitors (i.e. salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)) were tested in vitro at four concentrations (i.e. 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm) for their efficacy on inhibition of the germination of smut teliospores. Tebuconazole, Hexaconazole,","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45174633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Mahindapala, M. Jayathilaka, L. N. A. C. Jayawardana, A. Abeysooriya, N. Gamage
The Farmer-based organizations (FBO) have mechanisms to address the collective issues of farmers. In the present socio-economic context, the traditional approaches adopted by the FBOs to empower the farmers have been challenged by internal and external dynamic s. The ‘Multipurpose Service Approach’ has been proposed to address the broader needs of farmers. Tea Small Holding Development Societies (TSDS) were established to work on the wellbeing of the tea smallholders. This study sought to identify the various activities carried out by TSDS in the Badulla district and classify TSDS based on adherence to the Multifunctional service approach. Data were collected from twenty-one TSDS using structured interviews, selected by stratified random sampling technique. TSDSs' participation in the identified twelve activities was assessed using a 0-10 score method. Data were analyzed descriptively, using signs, the Man-Whitney
{"title":"The Typology of Tea Smallholding Development Societies: Assessing Their Multifunctional Approach in Badulla District of Sri Lanka","authors":"K. Mahindapala, M. Jayathilaka, L. N. A. C. Jayawardana, A. Abeysooriya, N. Gamage","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i2.8553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i2.8553","url":null,"abstract":"The Farmer-based organizations (FBO) have mechanisms to address the collective issues of farmers. In the present socio-economic context, the traditional approaches adopted by the FBOs to empower the farmers have been challenged by internal and external dynamic s. The ‘Multipurpose Service Approach’ has been proposed to address the broader needs of farmers. Tea Small Holding Development Societies (TSDS) were established to work on the wellbeing of the tea smallholders. This study sought to identify the various activities carried out by TSDS in the Badulla district and classify TSDS based on adherence to the Multifunctional service approach. Data were collected from twenty-one TSDS using structured interviews, selected by stratified random sampling technique. TSDSs' participation in the identified twelve activities was assessed using a 0-10 score method. Data were analyzed descriptively, using signs, the Man-Whitney","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49665518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market Potential for Quality Certified Dried Fish: A Consumer Choice Experiment in the Galle District of Sri Lanka","authors":"M. Gunawardana, W. N. De Silva, M. Aanesen","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i2.8555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i2.8555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41463096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abhayagunasekara, G. Chandrasena, D. Dissanayake, J. Jayasundara, D. D. A. Pushpakumara, W. Samarasinghe, P. Bandaranayake
{"title":"Wild Rice Species in Sri Lanka as Genetic Resources for Breeding for Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) Resistance in Rice","authors":"A. Abhayagunasekara, G. Chandrasena, D. Dissanayake, J. Jayasundara, D. D. A. Pushpakumara, W. Samarasinghe, P. Bandaranayake","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i2.8550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i2.8550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46763712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sellathurai, T. Sivananthawerl, S. Sivakumar, T. Mikunthan, T. Karunainathan
{"title":"Time Series Analysis of Rainfall Using Seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) and Sama Circular Model (SCM): Study from Vadamaradchi, Jaffna, Sri Lanka","authors":"T. Sellathurai, T. Sivananthawerl, S. Sivakumar, T. Mikunthan, T. Karunainathan","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i2.8556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i2.8556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44632178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. P. K. Koggala Hewage, R. K. Mutucumarana, M. Andrew
{"title":"Effect of Marination Method, Holding Temperature and Time on Physicochemical Parameters, Sensory Attributes and Microbial Quality of Broiler Chicken Breast Meat","authors":"A. P. K. Koggala Hewage, R. K. Mutucumarana, M. Andrew","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i2.8472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i2.8472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48901342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. J. Fernando, K. Amaratunga, D. Dharmasena, R. Abeyrathna, I. L. Gajasinghe, H. S. T. Weerakoon, E. Ekanayake, D. Bandara
Heat pump drying systems require a method to change the inflow air temperature of the drying chamber. Pulse-widthmodulation (PWM) technique with duty cycle provides a measure of controlling the voltage supplied to the electric motors. Therefore, we conducted this research to PWM control a heat pump dryer to change the air circuit parameters. In the Parallel-Flow condensers, inlet and outlet temperatures, and relative humidity, data were collected, and the average temperature values were recorded. The duty cycle was changed by developing a program using the Python programming language. An Excel-based psychrometric calculator was developed to analyze the collected data. The average condenser outlet temperatures were 56.6±0.1 °C, 54.9±0.1 °C, and 52.6±0.1°C, and the average condenser inlet temperatures were 43.2±0.0 °C, 42.8±0.1 °C, and 41.2±0.1 °C for 60%, 80%, and 100% duty cycles, respectively. The power consumption rate of the condenser reduced with an increasing duty cycle. The results concluded that the PWM control system is a viable method to control the inflow air temperature to the drying chamber.
{"title":"Pulse-Width-Modulation Control of a Heat Pump Dryer with Cascade Evaporators and Parallel-Flow Condensers","authors":"A. J. Fernando, K. Amaratunga, D. Dharmasena, R. Abeyrathna, I. L. Gajasinghe, H. S. T. Weerakoon, E. Ekanayake, D. Bandara","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i1.8532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i1.8532","url":null,"abstract":"Heat pump drying systems require a method to change the inflow air temperature of the drying chamber. Pulse-widthmodulation (PWM) technique with duty cycle provides a measure of controlling the voltage supplied to the electric motors. Therefore, we conducted this research to PWM control a heat pump dryer to change the air circuit parameters. In the Parallel-Flow condensers, inlet and outlet temperatures, and relative humidity, data were collected, and the average temperature values were recorded. The duty cycle was changed by developing a program using the Python programming language. An Excel-based psychrometric calculator was developed to analyze the collected data. The average condenser outlet temperatures were 56.6±0.1 °C, 54.9±0.1 °C, and 52.6±0.1°C, and the average condenser inlet temperatures were 43.2±0.0 °C, 42.8±0.1 °C, and 41.2±0.1 °C for 60%, 80%, and 100% duty cycles, respectively. The power consumption rate of the condenser reduced with an increasing duty cycle. The results concluded that the PWM control system is a viable method to control the inflow air temperature to the drying chamber.","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48918466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying Panel Inconsistency in Sensory Profiles using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and follow–up Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA)","authors":"D. R. Fernando, S. Samita, T. Peiris","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i1.8537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i1.8537","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46705967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of mistletoe Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis (Wigh & Arn.) Tiegh. on nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) yield was evaluated in mistletoe-infested and non–infested (control) trees during two fruiting seasons (January) in 2017 and 2019. Infested trees in season I and II had 40% and 10% of canopy covered (infestation) with the mistletoe, respectively. For yield determination, one branch was selected per whorl from each control tree. In each infested tree, one branch was selected from each non–infested whorl while two branches i.e. one infested and one non–infested, were selected from each infested whorl. The number of fruits was counted (yield) in each selected sub–lateral branch. Data were analyzed by fitting log–linear models after adjusting for over-dispersion, and comparisons were made using maximum likelihood estimates. There was no significant yield loss per tree at 10% infestation of mistletoe. However, at 40% infestation, yield dropped by 65% (from 6,238 to 2,159 fruits per tree). Yield loss in non–infested branches of infested trees was 37.2% whereas the drop was 89.6% in infested branches of those trees. Similarly, yield loss in non–infested whorls of infested trees was 48.2% whereas the drop was 84.8% for infested whorls of the infested trees. A quadratic yield pattern along the canopy was revealed, but the presence of the mistletoe was not related to the yield pattern of the tree. The study highlighted the destructive impact of mistletoe on nutmeg trees even with 10% infestation reducing the yield obtained from both the infested and non-infested branches and thus, the need for its timely control. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i1.8533
{"title":"Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis Wigh & Arn. Tiegh.) Parasitism on Yield of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.): Have We Been Underrating the Destructivity?","authors":"S. Yapa, A. J. Mohotti, S. Samita","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i1.8533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i1.8533","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of mistletoe Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis (Wigh & Arn.) Tiegh. on nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) yield was evaluated in mistletoe-infested and non–infested (control) trees during two fruiting seasons (January) in 2017 and 2019. Infested trees in season I and II had 40% and 10% of canopy covered (infestation) with the mistletoe, respectively. For yield determination, one branch was selected per whorl from each control tree. In each infested tree, one branch was selected from each non–infested whorl while two branches i.e. one infested and one non–infested, were selected from each infested whorl. The number of fruits was counted (yield) in each selected sub–lateral branch. Data were analyzed by fitting log–linear models after adjusting for over-dispersion, and comparisons were made using maximum likelihood estimates. There was no significant yield loss per tree at 10% infestation of mistletoe. However, at 40% infestation, yield dropped by 65% (from 6,238 to 2,159 fruits per tree). Yield loss in non–infested branches of infested trees was 37.2% whereas the drop was 89.6% in infested branches of those trees. Similarly, yield loss in non–infested whorls of infested trees was 48.2% whereas the drop was 84.8% for infested whorls of the infested trees. A quadratic yield pattern along the canopy was revealed, but the presence of the mistletoe was not related to the yield pattern of the tree. The study highlighted the destructive impact of mistletoe on nutmeg trees even with 10% infestation reducing the yield obtained from both the infested and non-infested branches and thus, the need for its timely control. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i1.8533","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global warming cause due by increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration, and the resulting increase in air temperature is a considerable challenge in crop production. Hence, the objectives of this study were to determine the: (a) responses of biomass and sucrose accumulation of sugarcane to elevated CO 2 (ECO 2 ) and elevated temperature (ET a ), both individually and together, and (b) genotypic variation of these responses. A three-factor factorial experiment considering the combination of CO 2 concentrations and temperatures as the main-plot factor and eight sugarcane varieties as the sub-plot factor arranged in a split-plot design in open-top chambers. Plots in open field conditions were the negative control. The main plot factor had four levels, combinations of ambient/elevated CO 2 concentrations (344-351/777-779 ppm) and ambient/elevated temperatures (34.9-35.6/36.6-38.4
{"title":"Effects of Elevated Temperature and CO2 on Biomass and Sucrose Accumulation of Selected Sugarcane Genotypes","authors":"A. C. D. De Silva, W. De Costa, L. Suriyagoda","doi":"10.4038/tar.v33i1.8536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v33i1.8536","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming cause due by increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration, and the resulting increase in air temperature is a considerable challenge in crop production. Hence, the objectives of this study were to determine the: (a) responses of biomass and sucrose accumulation of sugarcane to elevated CO 2 (ECO 2 ) and elevated temperature (ET a ), both individually and together, and (b) genotypic variation of these responses. A three-factor factorial experiment considering the combination of CO 2 concentrations and temperatures as the main-plot factor and eight sugarcane varieties as the sub-plot factor arranged in a split-plot design in open-top chambers. Plots in open field conditions were the negative control. The main plot factor had four levels, combinations of ambient/elevated CO 2 concentrations (344-351/777-779 ppm) and ambient/elevated temperatures (34.9-35.6/36.6-38.4","PeriodicalId":23313,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agricultural research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47956306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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