Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.004
Dana Friess, Stephanie Brauer, Anni Pöysti, Chandra Choudhury, Lachlan Harris
Quiescence is a prolonged but reversible state of cell-cycle arrest that is an adaptive feature of most adult stem cell populations. In the brain, quiescence helps to protect adult neural stem cells from stress and supports lifelong neurogenesis. Unfortunately however, entry into a quiescent or a slow-cycling state is also a malignant feature of brain cancer stem cells. In glioblastoma, where the process has been best characterised, quiescent glioma stem cells preferentially survive chemoradiation, and after therapy, reactivate to regrow the tumour and drive recurrence. In this Review, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo models that have been developed for studying neural stem cell quiescence and how these tools may be used to deepen biological understanding and to develop novel therapies targeting quiescent glioma stem cells.
{"title":"Tools to study neural and glioma stem cell quiescence.","authors":"Dana Friess, Stephanie Brauer, Anni Pöysti, Chandra Choudhury, Lachlan Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quiescence is a prolonged but reversible state of cell-cycle arrest that is an adaptive feature of most adult stem cell populations. In the brain, quiescence helps to protect adult neural stem cells from stress and supports lifelong neurogenesis. Unfortunately however, entry into a quiescent or a slow-cycling state is also a malignant feature of brain cancer stem cells. In glioblastoma, where the process has been best characterised, quiescent glioma stem cells preferentially survive chemoradiation, and after therapy, reactivate to regrow the tumour and drive recurrence. In this Review, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo models that have been developed for studying neural stem cell quiescence and how these tools may be used to deepen biological understanding and to develop novel therapies targeting quiescent glioma stem cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.002
Richard D Palmiter
The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the dorsal pons responds to bodily threats and transmits alarm signals to the forebrain. Parabrachial neuron activity is enhanced during chronic pain, and inactivation of PBN neurons in mice prevents the establishment of neuropathic, chronic pain symptoms. Chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of all glutamatergic neurons in the PBN, or just the subpopulation that expresses the Calca gene, is sufficient to establish pain phenotypes, including long-lasting tactile allodynia, that scale with the extent of stimulation, thereby promoting nociplastic pain, defined as diffuse pain without tissue inflammation or nerve injury. This review focuses on the role(s) of molecularly defined PBN neurons and the downstream nodes in the brain that contribute to establishing nociplastic pain.
{"title":"Parabrachial neurons promote nociplastic pain.","authors":"Richard D Palmiter","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the dorsal pons responds to bodily threats and transmits alarm signals to the forebrain. Parabrachial neuron activity is enhanced during chronic pain, and inactivation of PBN neurons in mice prevents the establishment of neuropathic, chronic pain symptoms. Chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of all glutamatergic neurons in the PBN, or just the subpopulation that expresses the Calca gene, is sufficient to establish pain phenotypes, including long-lasting tactile allodynia, that scale with the extent of stimulation, thereby promoting nociplastic pain, defined as diffuse pain without tissue inflammation or nerve injury. This review focuses on the role(s) of molecularly defined PBN neurons and the downstream nodes in the brain that contribute to establishing nociplastic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2236(24)00132-2
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Advisory Board and Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0166-2236(24)00132-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(24)00132-2","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2236(24)00135-8
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Subscription and Copyright Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0166-2236(24)00135-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(24)00135-8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The maturation of cerebral cortical networks during early life involves a major reorganization of long-range axonal connections. In a recent study, Bragg-Gonzalo, Aguilera, et al. discovered that in mice, the interhemispheric connections sent by S1L4 callosal projection neurons are pruned via the tight control of their ipsilateral synaptic integration, which relies on the early activity of specific interneurons.
{"title":"Early neuronal inhibition sculpts adult cortical interhemispheric connectivity.","authors":"Míriam Javier-Torrent, Antonela Bonafina, Laurent Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The maturation of cerebral cortical networks during early life involves a major reorganization of long-range axonal connections. In a recent study, Bragg-Gonzalo, Aguilera, et al. discovered that in mice, the interhemispheric connections sent by S1L4 callosal projection neurons are pruned via the tight control of their ipsilateral synaptic integration, which relies on the early activity of specific interneurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.003
Regina C Armstrong, Genevieve M Sullivan, Daniel P Perl, Jessica D Rosarda, Kryslaine L Radomski
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition that can resolve over time but all too often leads to persistent symptoms, and the risk of poor patient outcomes increases with aging. TBI damages neurons and long axons within white matter tracts that are critical for communication between brain regions; this causes slowed information processing and neuronal circuit dysfunction. This review focuses on white matter injury after TBI and the multifactorial processes that underlie white matter damage, potential for recovery, and progression of degeneration. A multiscale perspective across clinical and preclinical advances is presented to encourage interdisciplinary insights from whole-brain neuroimaging of white matter tracts down to cellular and molecular responses of axons, myelin, and glial cells within white matter tissue.
{"title":"White matter damage and degeneration in traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Regina C Armstrong, Genevieve M Sullivan, Daniel P Perl, Jessica D Rosarda, Kryslaine L Radomski","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition that can resolve over time but all too often leads to persistent symptoms, and the risk of poor patient outcomes increases with aging. TBI damages neurons and long axons within white matter tracts that are critical for communication between brain regions; this causes slowed information processing and neuronal circuit dysfunction. This review focuses on white matter injury after TBI and the multifactorial processes that underlie white matter damage, potential for recovery, and progression of degeneration. A multiscale perspective across clinical and preclinical advances is presented to encourage interdisciplinary insights from whole-brain neuroimaging of white matter tracts down to cellular and molecular responses of axons, myelin, and glial cells within white matter tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.001
Angela C Roberts, Kevin G Mulvihill
Marked dysregulation of the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) characterises a variety of anxiety disorders, and its amelioration is a key feature of treatment success. Overall treatment response, however, is highly variable, and about a third of patients are resistant to treatment. In this review we hypothesise that a major contributor to this variation in treatment response are the multiple faces of anxiety induced by distinct forms of frontal cortex dysregulation. Comparison of findings from humans and non-human primates reveals marked similarity in the functional organisation of threat regulation across the frontal lobes. This organisation is discussed in relation to the 'predatory imminence continuum' model of threat and the differential engagement of executive functions at the core of both emotion generation and regulation strategies.
{"title":"Multiple faces of anxiety: a frontal lobe perspective.","authors":"Angela C Roberts, Kevin G Mulvihill","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marked dysregulation of the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) characterises a variety of anxiety disorders, and its amelioration is a key feature of treatment success. Overall treatment response, however, is highly variable, and about a third of patients are resistant to treatment. In this review we hypothesise that a major contributor to this variation in treatment response are the multiple faces of anxiety induced by distinct forms of frontal cortex dysregulation. Comparison of findings from humans and non-human primates reveals marked similarity in the functional organisation of threat regulation across the frontal lobes. This organisation is discussed in relation to the 'predatory imminence continuum' model of threat and the differential engagement of executive functions at the core of both emotion generation and regulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.008
Alberto J Gonzalez-Hernandez, Hermany Munguba, Joshua Levitz
In the nervous system, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) control neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and, ultimately, behavior through spatiotemporally precise initiation of a variety of signaling pathways. However, despite their critical importance, there is incomplete understanding of how these receptors are regulated to tune their signaling to specific neurophysiological contexts. A deeper mechanistic picture of neuromodulatory GPCR function is needed to fully decipher their biological roles and effectively harness them for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we highlight recent progress in identifying novel modes of regulation of neuromodulatory GPCRs, including G protein- and receptor-targeting mechanisms, receptor-receptor crosstalk, and unique features that emerge in the context of chemical synapses. These emerging principles of neuromodulatory GPCR tuning raise critical questions to be tackled at the molecular, cellular, synaptic, and neural circuit levels in the future.
在神经系统中,G 蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)通过在时空上精确启动各种信号通路,控制神经元的兴奋性、突触传递、突触可塑性,并最终控制行为。然而,尽管这些受体至关重要,但人们对它们是如何根据特定的神经生理环境调节信号传递的了解却并不全面。我们需要对神经调节 GPCR 的功能进行更深入的机理研究,以全面解读它们的生物学作用,并有效地利用它们来治疗神经和精神疾病。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍最近在确定神经调节 GPCR 的新型调控模式方面取得的进展,包括 G 蛋白和受体靶向机制、受体与受体之间的串扰以及在化学突触背景下出现的独特特征。这些新出现的神经调节 GPCR 调控原理提出了未来需要在分子、细胞、突触和神经回路层面解决的关键问题。
{"title":"Emerging modes of regulation of neuromodulatory G protein-coupled receptors.","authors":"Alberto J Gonzalez-Hernandez, Hermany Munguba, Joshua Levitz","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the nervous system, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) control neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and, ultimately, behavior through spatiotemporally precise initiation of a variety of signaling pathways. However, despite their critical importance, there is incomplete understanding of how these receptors are regulated to tune their signaling to specific neurophysiological contexts. A deeper mechanistic picture of neuromodulatory GPCR function is needed to fully decipher their biological roles and effectively harness them for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we highlight recent progress in identifying novel modes of regulation of neuromodulatory GPCRs, including G protein- and receptor-targeting mechanisms, receptor-receptor crosstalk, and unique features that emerge in the context of chemical synapses. These emerging principles of neuromodulatory GPCR tuning raise critical questions to be tackled at the molecular, cellular, synaptic, and neural circuit levels in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.011
Yuhui Du, Songke Fang, Xingyu He, Vince D Calhoun
Functional network (FN) analyses play a pivotal role in uncovering insights into brain function and understanding the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. This paper focuses on classical and advanced methods for deriving brain FNs from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We systematically review their foundational principles, advantages, shortcomings, and interrelations, encompassing both static and dynamic FN extraction approaches. In the context of static FN extraction, we present hypothesis-driven methods such as region of interest (ROI)-based approaches as well as data-driven methods including matrix decomposition, clustering, and deep learning. For dynamic FN extraction, both window-based and windowless methods are surveyed with respect to the estimation of time-varying FN and the subsequent computation of FN states. We also discuss the scope of application of the various methods and avenues for future improvements.
{"title":"A survey of brain functional network extraction methods using fMRI data.","authors":"Yuhui Du, Songke Fang, Xingyu He, Vince D Calhoun","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional network (FN) analyses play a pivotal role in uncovering insights into brain function and understanding the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. This paper focuses on classical and advanced methods for deriving brain FNs from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We systematically review their foundational principles, advantages, shortcomings, and interrelations, encompassing both static and dynamic FN extraction approaches. In the context of static FN extraction, we present hypothesis-driven methods such as region of interest (ROI)-based approaches as well as data-driven methods including matrix decomposition, clustering, and deep learning. For dynamic FN extraction, both window-based and windowless methods are surveyed with respect to the estimation of time-varying FN and the subsequent computation of FN states. We also discuss the scope of application of the various methods and avenues for future improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.06.008
Megan M Herting, Katherine L Bottenhorn, Devyn L Cotter
Exposure to outdoor air pollution has been linked to adverse health effects, including potential widespread impacts on the CNS. Ongoing brain development may render children and adolescents especially vulnerable to neurotoxic effects of air pollution. While mechanisms remain unclear, promising advances in human neuroimaging can help elucidate both sensitive periods and neurobiological consequences of exposure to air pollution. Herein we review the potential influences of air pollution exposure on neurodevelopment, drawing from animal toxicology and human neuroimaging studies. Due to ongoing cellular and system-level changes during childhood and adolescence, the developing brain may be more sensitive to pollutants' neurotoxic effects, as a function of both timing and duration, with relevance to cognition and mental health. Building on these foundations, the emerging field of environmental neuroscience is poised to further decipher which air toxicants are most harmful and to whom.
{"title":"Outdoor air pollution and brain development in childhood and adolescence.","authors":"Megan M Herting, Katherine L Bottenhorn, Devyn L Cotter","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tins.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to outdoor air pollution has been linked to adverse health effects, including potential widespread impacts on the CNS. Ongoing brain development may render children and adolescents especially vulnerable to neurotoxic effects of air pollution. While mechanisms remain unclear, promising advances in human neuroimaging can help elucidate both sensitive periods and neurobiological consequences of exposure to air pollution. Herein we review the potential influences of air pollution exposure on neurodevelopment, drawing from animal toxicology and human neuroimaging studies. Due to ongoing cellular and system-level changes during childhood and adolescence, the developing brain may be more sensitive to pollutants' neurotoxic effects, as a function of both timing and duration, with relevance to cognition and mental health. Building on these foundations, the emerging field of environmental neuroscience is poised to further decipher which air toxicants are most harmful and to whom.</p>","PeriodicalId":23325,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}