Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2022.2142925
C. Taylor, Jack Secker, Syed Ashir Sajid, David Curtis, T. Liskiewicz, Thawhid Khan
ABSTRACT Metalworking fluids have the ability to extend cutting tool life and improve the machinability of materials. There is a need for the development of reliable machining tests which can be used to screen fluids with high confidence to allow for ranking in terms of performance. This study developed a novel methodology utilizing single-point milling to evaluate fluid performance in terms of tool wear and cutting forces across various aerospace alloys. The repeatability of the procedure was assessed and demonstrated by using standard deviation. The study showed alternative cutting fluid compositions could influence tool life performance across all the aerospace material variants. Inconel 718 was shown to be the hardest material to machine followed by Titanium Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr and Titanium Ti–6Al–4V. However, with each material, there was a differentiation in fluid performance with up to 11% difference in average tool life between different fluids. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Resource-efficient performance testing of metalworking fluids utilizing single-point milling","authors":"C. Taylor, Jack Secker, Syed Ashir Sajid, David Curtis, T. Liskiewicz, Thawhid Khan","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2022.2142925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2022.2142925","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Metalworking fluids have the ability to extend cutting tool life and improve the machinability of materials. There is a need for the development of reliable machining tests which can be used to screen fluids with high confidence to allow for ranking in terms of performance. This study developed a novel methodology utilizing single-point milling to evaluate fluid performance in terms of tool wear and cutting forces across various aerospace alloys. The repeatability of the procedure was assessed and demonstrated by using standard deviation. The study showed alternative cutting fluid compositions could influence tool life performance across all the aerospace material variants. Inconel 718 was shown to be the hardest material to machine followed by Titanium Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr and Titanium Ti–6Al–4V. However, with each material, there was a differentiation in fluid performance with up to 11% difference in average tool life between different fluids. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"34 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47599581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2022.2160160
Vummitti Chandhan Kumar, K. Rajesh Kannan, G. Srivathsan, A. Vignesh Ram, Vallabhaneni Sravan, R. Vaira Vignesh, M. Govindaraju
ABSTRACT Copper-based functionally gradient composite material is developed using powder metallurgy processing technique, as a potential wind turbine brake pad material. The developed composite has a gradient composition of Cu, CeO2, Al2O3, Fe, and Cg to enable joint strength at the interface (brake calliper) and wear resistance at the contact surface (brake disc). The article presents a comprehensive analysis on the microstructure, microhardness, and tribological performance of the developed composite. The wear mechanism is deduced through surface morphology, elemental composition, and phase composition analysis using field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. A maximum hardness of 198.2 HV was obtained at the contact surface. Experimental values from tribology tests show that a decreasing trend was obtained with a wear rate of 2.013 × 10−7 g N-m−1 and a friction coefficient was 0.215. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
采用粉末冶金加工技术开发了铜基功能梯度复合材料，作为一种有潜力的风力发电机刹车片材料。所开发的复合材料具有Cu、CeO2、Al2O3、Fe和Cg的梯度组成，以提高界面(制动卡钳)的结合强度和接触面(制动盘)的耐磨性。本文对所研制的复合材料的显微组织、显微硬度和摩擦学性能进行了综合分析。利用场发射扫描电镜、能量色散x射线能谱仪、x射线衍射仪、x射线光电子能谱仪等对材料表面形貌、元素组成、相组成进行分析，推断磨损机理。接触表面的最大硬度为198.2 HV。摩擦学试验值表明，磨损率为2.013 × 10−7 g N-m−1，摩擦系数为0.215，磨损率呈下降趋势。图形抽象
{"title":"Tribological characterization of functionally gradient composite (Cu–Fe–CeO2–Al2O3–Cg) for wind turbine brake pad","authors":"Vummitti Chandhan Kumar, K. Rajesh Kannan, G. Srivathsan, A. Vignesh Ram, Vallabhaneni Sravan, R. Vaira Vignesh, M. Govindaraju","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2022.2160160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2022.2160160","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Copper-based functionally gradient composite material is developed using powder metallurgy processing technique, as a potential wind turbine brake pad material. The developed composite has a gradient composition of Cu, CeO2, Al2O3, Fe, and Cg to enable joint strength at the interface (brake calliper) and wear resistance at the contact surface (brake disc). The article presents a comprehensive analysis on the microstructure, microhardness, and tribological performance of the developed composite. The wear mechanism is deduced through surface morphology, elemental composition, and phase composition analysis using field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. A maximum hardness of 198.2 HV was obtained at the contact surface. Experimental values from tribology tests show that a decreasing trend was obtained with a wear rate of 2.013 × 10−7 g N-m−1 and a friction coefficient was 0.215. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"3 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44372668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2022.2160161
A. S. Rao
ABSTRACT The machinability studies for the Inconel 718 alloy with the coated cemented carbide cutting tool having 0.4 and 1.2 mm nose radius, varying cutting speeds (65, 81, 95 and 106 m/min) with a constant feed rate of (0.15 mm/rev) and a depth of cut (0.2 mm) were conducted. The cutting force decreases with the increase in cutting speed due to the thermal softening of the work surface at a high temperature. With the increase in nose radius a decrease in the cutting force is observed due to the increase in the cutting edge of the tool. The formation of residual stress has a profound effect on the change in the tool morphology during the machining of the alloy. Furthermore, the chip analysis in terms of chip morphology is carried out in detail. The detailed tool fracture studies are conducted and are explained for the various machining processes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Effect of nose radius on the chip morphology, cutting force and tool wear during dry turning of Inconel 718","authors":"A. S. Rao","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2022.2160161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2022.2160161","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The machinability studies for the Inconel 718 alloy with the coated cemented carbide cutting tool having 0.4 and 1.2 mm nose radius, varying cutting speeds (65, 81, 95 and 106 m/min) with a constant feed rate of (0.15 mm/rev) and a depth of cut (0.2 mm) were conducted. The cutting force decreases with the increase in cutting speed due to the thermal softening of the work surface at a high temperature. With the increase in nose radius a decrease in the cutting force is observed due to the increase in the cutting edge of the tool. The formation of residual stress has a profound effect on the change in the tool morphology during the machining of the alloy. Furthermore, the chip analysis in terms of chip morphology is carried out in detail. The detailed tool fracture studies are conducted and are explained for the various machining processes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"62 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43461539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2023.2168771
Sujit Das, P. Robi, Priyanshu Kumar
ABSTRACT The tribological properties such as ‘specific wear rate’ and ‘coefficient of friction’ (COF) of a new high entropy alloy (HEA) of (Al)10(FeCoNiCu)90 were determined by sliding against the normal loads of 30 and 40 N and compared with that of the high-speed steel (HSS) in this work. The major wear mechanism in the HEA was ploughing due to abrasion. The specific wear rate determined for the HEA at 40 N load is slightly higher (∼7%) than that at 30 N load indicating small increase in wear rate on significant increase in the load. The specific wear rate of the HEA is about five times higher than that of HSS at 30 N load. At 30 N load, after 200 m of sliding, both the wear volume rate and COF decreased continuously for the HEA on increasing the sliding distance due to the presence of sufficient amount of lubricating wear debris. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Tribological properties of (Al)10(FeCoNiCu)90 high entropy alloy","authors":"Sujit Das, P. Robi, Priyanshu Kumar","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2023.2168771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2023.2168771","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tribological properties such as ‘specific wear rate’ and ‘coefficient of friction’ (COF) of a new high entropy alloy (HEA) of (Al)10(FeCoNiCu)90 were determined by sliding against the normal loads of 30 and 40 N and compared with that of the high-speed steel (HSS) in this work. The major wear mechanism in the HEA was ploughing due to abrasion. The specific wear rate determined for the HEA at 40 N load is slightly higher (∼7%) than that at 30 N load indicating small increase in wear rate on significant increase in the load. The specific wear rate of the HEA is about five times higher than that of HSS at 30 N load. At 30 N load, after 200 m of sliding, both the wear volume rate and COF decreased continuously for the HEA on increasing the sliding distance due to the presence of sufficient amount of lubricating wear debris. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"72 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60116835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2023.2174333
Rajendrakumar V. Kadi, S. Dundur, D. Goudar, J. Haider
ABSTRACT Environmental machining was investigated using coconut oil and minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) in the turning of AISI 316 stainless steel. The turning parameters and MQL flow rate were optimized using ANOM and ANOVA in multi-response analysis to obtain the best hardness and minimum surface roughness. The feed, speed, depth of cut, and MQL flow rate were used as input parameters. It was observed that minimum surface roughness (R a: 1.12 μm and R z: 6.37 μm) at cutting speed of 120 m/min, feed rate between 0.25 and 0.3 mm/rev, the depth of cut between 1.0 and 1.5 mm and a flow rate of 90 ml/h. The high hardness of 230 μHv at machined surface and machining affected zone (MAZ) was observed to a depth of 1.075 mm. The coconut oil was shown to be an ecofriendly lubricant for machining difficult-to-cut materials like stainless steel and keeping good surface integrity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Applying multi-response optimization for sustainable machining of 316 stainless steel with coconut oil-assisted minimum quantity lubrication","authors":"Rajendrakumar V. Kadi, S. Dundur, D. Goudar, J. Haider","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2023.2174333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2023.2174333","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Environmental machining was investigated using coconut oil and minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) in the turning of AISI 316 stainless steel. The turning parameters and MQL flow rate were optimized using ANOM and ANOVA in multi-response analysis to obtain the best hardness and minimum surface roughness. The feed, speed, depth of cut, and MQL flow rate were used as input parameters. It was observed that minimum surface roughness (R a: 1.12 μm and R z: 6.37 μm) at cutting speed of 120 m/min, feed rate between 0.25 and 0.3 mm/rev, the depth of cut between 1.0 and 1.5 mm and a flow rate of 90 ml/h. The high hardness of 230 μHv at machined surface and machining affected zone (MAZ) was observed to a depth of 1.075 mm. The coconut oil was shown to be an ecofriendly lubricant for machining difficult-to-cut materials like stainless steel and keeping good surface integrity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"48 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48862261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2023.2193438
Thawhid Khan
Machining is one of the key manufacturing processes, focussed on precision manufacturing and final component production. Key challenges associated with machining include evolving productivity and quality requirements, combined with new and smart materials and green environment regulations imposed in the industry. Tribology is of fundamental importance, allowing an understanding of what happens at the cutting interface [1]. By understanding the fundamental interactions of the cutting tools and workpiece in terms of Tribology, Surface Engineering and Lubrication can greatly impact tool life, advanced material machining, surface finish and machining time. There is a global shift towards ‘Industry 4.0’ and ‘Smart Manufacturing’, which is reshaping methods and technologies for scalable production with the aim of improving productivity by more than 25% [2]. The contributions included in this special issue seek to demonstrate how machining and tribology research play key roles in addressing the modern challenges in manufacturing. The topics covered in this special issue is diverse: they highlight a creative scientific approach across the spectrum of manufacturing as well as demonstrate emerging technology and novel testing methodologies. The special issue begins with the manuscript ‘Braking performance of friction materials: a review of manufacturing process impact and future trends’ which is a review on the variant manufacturing techniques used to modify the tribological behaviour of brake pads. This manuscript provides a thorough review of the current manufacturing methodologies utilised and how they impact the friction behaviour of brake pads. The review also highlights future trends needed to develop green and eco-friendly brake pads to help mitigate the negative manufacturing impact on the environment and on respiratory health conditions. The review highlights the need to employ natural formulations alongside utilising the latest AI technology to monitor and optimise the manufacturing process. Metal cutting fluids are typically used to improve the machinability of materials, to improve the life and function of cutting tools and to improve the machined surface quality. Current research into testing the performance of cutting fluids are often unique in methodology, therefore there is a need for a simplified and cost-effective screening test for use by the industry. In ‘Expanding the applicability of ASTM D3233A Pin & Vee Block method to evaluate lubricant emulsions for cutting applications’ a simple Falex pin and Vee desktop Block machine was modified to allow the ranking on MWFs depending on their performance. They provide a controlled system to replicate the conditions found in larger systems, allowing for cheap testing with high repeatability. Whereas the team in the manuscript ‘Resource efficient performance testing of metalworking fluids utilising Single Point Milling’ utilises a single point milling to realistically replicate machining conditio
机械加工是关键的制造工艺之一，专注于精密制造和最终部件生产。与机械加工相关的关键挑战包括不断变化的生产力和质量要求，以及新的智能材料和行业实施的绿色环境法规。摩擦学具有根本的重要性，可以了解切削界面上发生的情况[1]。通过从摩擦学、表面工程和润滑方面了解刀具和工件的基本相互作用，可以极大地影响刀具寿命、先进材料加工、表面光洁度和加工时间。全球正在向“工业4.0”和“智能制造”转变，这正在重塑可扩展生产的方法和技术，目的是将生产力提高25%以上[2]。本期特刊中的贡献旨在展示机械加工和摩擦学研究如何在应对制造业的现代挑战中发挥关键作用。本期特刊涵盖的主题多种多样：它们突出了整个制造领域的创造性科学方法，并展示了新兴技术和新颖的测试方法。特刊从“摩擦材料的制动性能：制造工艺影响和未来趋势综述”开始，这是对用于改变制动片摩擦学性能的各种制造技术的综述。这份手稿对当前使用的制造方法以及它们如何影响制动片的摩擦行为进行了全面的回顾。该审查还强调了开发绿色环保刹车片所需的未来趋势，以帮助减轻制造业对环境和呼吸道健康状况的负面影响。该综述强调了在使用最新人工智能技术监测和优化制造过程的同时，需要使用天然配方。金属切削液通常用于提高材料的可加工性、提高切削工具的寿命和功能以及提高加工表面质量。目前对测试切削液性能的研究通常在方法上是独特的，因此需要一种简化且具有成本效益的筛选测试供行业使用。在“扩大ASTM D3233A Pin&Vee Block方法的适用性，以评估切削应用的润滑剂乳液”中，对一台简单的Falex Pin and Vee台式Block机器进行了修改，允许根据其性能对MWF进行排名。它们提供了一个可控系统来复制大型系统中的条件，从而实现了具有高重复性的廉价测试。而手稿“利用单点铣削对金属加工液进行资源高效性能测试”中的团队则利用单点铣来真实地复制加工条件，以筛选切削液的性能。与传统乳液冷却剂相比，低温和最低量润滑剂作为金属加工液的使用既降低了加工成本，又具有环境优势，因此越来越受到人们的关注。”将多响应优化应用于椰子油辅助最小量润滑的316不锈钢可持续加工“探索将椰子油作为环保的最小量润滑剂用于难切割材料的加工。新材料的加工带来了许多挑战，本期特刊中的几篇手稿对此进行了阐述。“Inconel 718干式车削过程中刀尖半径对切屑形态、涂层完整性和刀具磨损的影响”研究了优化刀具刀尖半径以提高Inconel的可加工性。而“（Al）10（FeCoNiCu）90高熵合金的摩擦学性能”侧重于研究被认为是镍合金（如铬镍铁合金）替代品的高熵合金。这期特刊是在与该杂志编辑委员会，特别是教授的讨论中诞生的
{"title":"Editorial for the special issue on manufacturing: tribology, surface engineering and lubricants","authors":"Thawhid Khan","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2023.2193438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2023.2193438","url":null,"abstract":"Machining is one of the key manufacturing processes, focussed on precision manufacturing and final component production. Key challenges associated with machining include evolving productivity and quality requirements, combined with new and smart materials and green environment regulations imposed in the industry. Tribology is of fundamental importance, allowing an understanding of what happens at the cutting interface [1]. By understanding the fundamental interactions of the cutting tools and workpiece in terms of Tribology, Surface Engineering and Lubrication can greatly impact tool life, advanced material machining, surface finish and machining time. There is a global shift towards ‘Industry 4.0’ and ‘Smart Manufacturing’, which is reshaping methods and technologies for scalable production with the aim of improving productivity by more than 25% [2]. The contributions included in this special issue seek to demonstrate how machining and tribology research play key roles in addressing the modern challenges in manufacturing. The topics covered in this special issue is diverse: they highlight a creative scientific approach across the spectrum of manufacturing as well as demonstrate emerging technology and novel testing methodologies. The special issue begins with the manuscript ‘Braking performance of friction materials: a review of manufacturing process impact and future trends’ which is a review on the variant manufacturing techniques used to modify the tribological behaviour of brake pads. This manuscript provides a thorough review of the current manufacturing methodologies utilised and how they impact the friction behaviour of brake pads. The review also highlights future trends needed to develop green and eco-friendly brake pads to help mitigate the negative manufacturing impact on the environment and on respiratory health conditions. The review highlights the need to employ natural formulations alongside utilising the latest AI technology to monitor and optimise the manufacturing process. Metal cutting fluids are typically used to improve the machinability of materials, to improve the life and function of cutting tools and to improve the machined surface quality. Current research into testing the performance of cutting fluids are often unique in methodology, therefore there is a need for a simplified and cost-effective screening test for use by the industry. In ‘Expanding the applicability of ASTM D3233A Pin & Vee Block method to evaluate lubricant emulsions for cutting applications’ a simple Falex pin and Vee desktop Block machine was modified to allow the ranking on MWFs depending on their performance. They provide a controlled system to replicate the conditions found in larger systems, allowing for cheap testing with high repeatability. Whereas the team in the manuscript ‘Resource efficient performance testing of metalworking fluids utilising Single Point Milling’ utilises a single point milling to realistically replicate machining conditio","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47621783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2023.2179721
E. Georgiou, D. Drees, K. Helmetag, T. Van der Donck, L. M. Lopes, F. Semal, M. De Bilde, M. Anderson
ABSTRACT ASTM Method D3233A uses a Pin&Vee Block tester to evaluate cutting fluids. However, the standard defines a steel-steel contact, uses a small volume of lubricant, and the test report is limited to the ‘ultimate failure load’. With our approach, we bring testing closer to reality, using different metallurgies and testing the oils in aqueous emulsion-form. We monitor the frictional torque throughout increasing load, so that differences between products are revealed that are not visible in failure load alone. By modifying lubrication to recirculated or misted conditions, we simulate cutting of forming operations. Consequently, this provides an additional tool for cost efficient ranking of cutting fluids, based on an industry-accepted instrument. We demonstrate same ranking of cutting fluids as well established Tapping Torque Tests, with the advantage of using a simplified and lower cost configuration. Developing a standardized test protocol involves more work on reproducibility and correlation to real machining processes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Expanding the applicability of ASTM D3233A Pin & Vee Block method to evaluate lubricant emulsions for cutting applications","authors":"E. Georgiou, D. Drees, K. Helmetag, T. Van der Donck, L. M. Lopes, F. Semal, M. De Bilde, M. Anderson","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2023.2179721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2023.2179721","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ASTM Method D3233A uses a Pin&Vee Block tester to evaluate cutting fluids. However, the standard defines a steel-steel contact, uses a small volume of lubricant, and the test report is limited to the ‘ultimate failure load’. With our approach, we bring testing closer to reality, using different metallurgies and testing the oils in aqueous emulsion-form. We monitor the frictional torque throughout increasing load, so that differences between products are revealed that are not visible in failure load alone. By modifying lubrication to recirculated or misted conditions, we simulate cutting of forming operations. Consequently, this provides an additional tool for cost efficient ranking of cutting fluids, based on an industry-accepted instrument. We demonstrate same ranking of cutting fluids as well established Tapping Torque Tests, with the advantage of using a simplified and lower cost configuration. Developing a standardized test protocol involves more work on reproducibility and correlation to real machining processes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"22 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45698386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2022.2139517
Jibin T. Philip, B. Kuriachen, Deepak Kumar, J. Mathew
ABSTRACT In this work, the dry sliding wear characteristics of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) – EN31 (steel) tribo-pair at incremental sliding velocity (SV, 0.838–1.466 ms-1) and load (L, 50–100 N) conditions are elucidated. As evident, specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (CoF) increases and decreases, respectively with load and SV. The wear response of Ti64 undergoes a transition from composite type (oxidative and metallic) to delamination. The evolved oxides, viz. TiO and Ti8O15 were majorly in the form of free particulates. At low SV (0.838–1.047 ms-1) and low load (50–70 N), the movable particulates can activate a separation effect limiting the damage due to wear. During severe sliding (SV = 1.257–1.466 ms-1 and L = 70–100 N), the combined influence of frictional heating instigated thermal softening, and the formation/retainment of hard-coarse particulates at the interaction zone causes perforation into the substratum, assisting in spalling. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Tribo-behavioural transition of Ti6Al4V as a function of sliding velocity and load under dry sliding conditions","authors":"Jibin T. Philip, B. Kuriachen, Deepak Kumar, J. Mathew","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2022.2139517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2022.2139517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this work, the dry sliding wear characteristics of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) – EN31 (steel) tribo-pair at incremental sliding velocity (SV, 0.838–1.466 ms-1) and load (L, 50–100 N) conditions are elucidated. As evident, specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (CoF) increases and decreases, respectively with load and SV. The wear response of Ti64 undergoes a transition from composite type (oxidative and metallic) to delamination. The evolved oxides, viz. TiO and Ti8O15 were majorly in the form of free particulates. At low SV (0.838–1.047 ms-1) and low load (50–70 N), the movable particulates can activate a separation effect limiting the damage due to wear. During severe sliding (SV = 1.257–1.466 ms-1 and L = 70–100 N), the combined influence of frictional heating instigated thermal softening, and the formation/retainment of hard-coarse particulates at the interaction zone causes perforation into the substratum, assisting in spalling. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"99 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2022.2139519
A. Javeed, B. John
ABSTRACT This work investigates the formation, endurance and rupture of tribofilms on a honed engine liner subjected to boundary lubrication in a reciprocating Tribometer. Study focuses on the exploration of synergistic effect between ZDDP additive in the oil and two distinctly shaped nanoparticles, Graphene oxide (GO) and detonation nanodiamond (DND), in improving the characteristics of tribofilm. Tested samples were examined by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray. The results indicated that the addition of nanoparticles to the base oil with ZDDP accelerates the tribofilm-formation. Although fully developed tribofilms were obtained with both the nanoadditives, the DND based tribofilm was more durable under the dry running conditions. However, P-rich tribofilm formed in the presence of GO showed self-mending characteristics. Nanoindentation studies on the wear tack revealed a 12% increase in elastic modulus and 23% increase in average hardness for the sample tested with DND compared to that of base lubricant. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"An experimental study on tribofilm formation and endurance with nanolubricants","authors":"A. Javeed, B. John","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2022.2139519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2022.2139519","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work investigates the formation, endurance and rupture of tribofilms on a honed engine liner subjected to boundary lubrication in a reciprocating Tribometer. Study focuses on the exploration of synergistic effect between ZDDP additive in the oil and two distinctly shaped nanoparticles, Graphene oxide (GO) and detonation nanodiamond (DND), in improving the characteristics of tribofilm. Tested samples were examined by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray. The results indicated that the addition of nanoparticles to the base oil with ZDDP accelerates the tribofilm-formation. Although fully developed tribofilms were obtained with both the nanoadditives, the DND based tribofilm was more durable under the dry running conditions. However, P-rich tribofilm formed in the presence of GO showed self-mending characteristics. Nanoindentation studies on the wear tack revealed a 12% increase in elastic modulus and 23% increase in average hardness for the sample tested with DND compared to that of base lubricant. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"17 1","pages":"158 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2022.2121024
A. Mandri, Diego Alejandro Colombo, S. Brühl, R. Dommarco
ABSTRACT This work studies the friction and the sliding wear behaviour of surface treated SAE 4140 steel. The performance of ion nitriding and PVD TiN coatings applied by means of industrial processes as single or duplex treatments was evaluated. Although the deposited TiN coatings (0.7 µm thick) resulted thinner than most of the typically employed for sliding situations, the present work shows that they can provide very good protection. The use of ion nitriding as a pretreatment proved to be beneficial when combined with such a thin coating. However, in the pin on disc sliding tests the coated discs developed the highest friction coefficients and boosted the damage in the steel pins.
{"title":"Sliding friction and wear behaviour of ion nitrided and TiN coated AISI 4140 steel","authors":"A. Mandri, Diego Alejandro Colombo, S. Brühl, R. Dommarco","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2022.2121024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2022.2121024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work studies the friction and the sliding wear behaviour of surface treated SAE 4140 steel. The performance of ion nitriding and PVD TiN coatings applied by means of industrial processes as single or duplex treatments was evaluated. Although the deposited TiN coatings (0.7 µm thick) resulted thinner than most of the typically employed for sliding situations, the present work shows that they can provide very good protection. The use of ion nitriding as a pretreatment proved to be beneficial when combined with such a thin coating. However, in the pin on disc sliding tests the coated discs developed the highest friction coefficients and boosted the damage in the steel pins.","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"373 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45679675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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