Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1951542
K. Raghavendra Naik, R. kumar, V. Saravanan, S. Seetharamu, P. Sampathkumaran
ABSTRACT This work concerns a technique to produce thermal sprayed coatings using HVOF (high-velocity oxy-fuel) method as it is a widely used application in high-temperature erosion and corrosion environment. Two types of hard coatings Cr3C2-25NiCr and 35WC-Co/65NiCrBSi were sprayed on an SS-347 steel substrate. The erosion tests were done using high-temperature jet erosion set up to study the effect of velocity, temperature and impact angles on the coatings produced. The surface morphology of the samples was characterized using 3D laser confocal microscopy, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with EDAX and X-ray diffraction. Microhardness, porosity level and roughness parameters were evaluated to infer a probable mechanism of material removal. The Cr3C2-25NiCr coating exhibited ∼3.3 times higher erosion resistance than 35WC-Co/65NiCrBSi coating at 90° and 30° impact angles. SEM and 3D laser confocal images on the eroded surface of the coatings reveal the combination of ductile and brittle fracture of coating. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"The study of Cr3C2-25NiCr and 35WC-Co/65NiCrBSi-based HVOF coatings for high-temperature erosion resistance application","authors":"K. Raghavendra Naik, R. kumar, V. Saravanan, S. Seetharamu, P. Sampathkumaran","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1951542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1951542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work concerns a technique to produce thermal sprayed coatings using HVOF (high-velocity oxy-fuel) method as it is a widely used application in high-temperature erosion and corrosion environment. Two types of hard coatings Cr3C2-25NiCr and 35WC-Co/65NiCrBSi were sprayed on an SS-347 steel substrate. The erosion tests were done using high-temperature jet erosion set up to study the effect of velocity, temperature and impact angles on the coatings produced. The surface morphology of the samples was characterized using 3D laser confocal microscopy, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with EDAX and X-ray diffraction. Microhardness, porosity level and roughness parameters were evaluated to infer a probable mechanism of material removal. The Cr3C2-25NiCr coating exhibited ∼3.3 times higher erosion resistance than 35WC-Co/65NiCrBSi coating at 90° and 30° impact angles. SEM and 3D laser confocal images on the eroded surface of the coatings reveal the combination of ductile and brittle fracture of coating. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"10 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47857546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1951541
D. Linto, P. Ramkumar
ABSTRACT Bearings fail prematurely in transient operating conditions, as a result of flaking that causes changes in subsurface microstructure. In this type of failure, the formation of White Etching Cracks (WECs) is preceded by the formation of White Etching Areas (WEAs). Typically the WEAs are formed due to the dissolution of cementite into the matrix in AISI 52100 bearing steel. This feasibility work investigates the performance of AISI 440C steel against WEAs formation using dynamic load Pin-on-Disc tribometer. Experiments were performed at 4.5 Hz loading frequency, Hertzian pressure 2.02 GPa and sliding velocity of 0.2 ms-1 under the boundary lubrication using Poly Alpha Olefins (PAO). From post-test analysis, it is found that AISI 440C steel trapped more hydrogen than AISI 52100 bearing steel. The comprehensive analysis of materials and lubricants revealed that the performance of AISI 440C stainless steel against WEAs formation is better than that of AISI 52100 bearing steel. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Experimental investigation on the performance of AISI 440C martensitic stainless steel against the formation of white etching areas under sliding dynamic loading","authors":"D. Linto, P. Ramkumar","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1951541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1951541","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bearings fail prematurely in transient operating conditions, as a result of flaking that causes changes in subsurface microstructure. In this type of failure, the formation of White Etching Cracks (WECs) is preceded by the formation of White Etching Areas (WEAs). Typically the WEAs are formed due to the dissolution of cementite into the matrix in AISI 52100 bearing steel. This feasibility work investigates the performance of AISI 440C steel against WEAs formation using dynamic load Pin-on-Disc tribometer. Experiments were performed at 4.5 Hz loading frequency, Hertzian pressure 2.02 GPa and sliding velocity of 0.2 ms-1 under the boundary lubrication using Poly Alpha Olefins (PAO). From post-test analysis, it is found that AISI 440C steel trapped more hydrogen than AISI 52100 bearing steel. The comprehensive analysis of materials and lubricants revealed that the performance of AISI 440C stainless steel against WEAs formation is better than that of AISI 52100 bearing steel. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"57 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48061040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1951539
M. Venkataiah, T. Anup Kumar, K. Venkata Rao, S. Anand Kumar, R. Dumpala, B. Ratna Sunil
ABSTRACT In the current work, ZE41 Mg alloy was processed by friction stir processing (FSP) to achieve grain refinement. In addition to grain refinement, decreased intermetallic phase (MgZn) was also observed after FSP. Increased micro-hardness was observed for the processed ZE41 Mg alloy compared to the unprocessed base alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrated the texture characteristics in FSPed ZE41. Reciprocating wear studies conducted at three different temperatures, i.e. room temperature, 125 °C, and 250 °C showed lower mass loss for the processed alloy compared to that of the base alloy, particularly at elevated temperatures. This behavior can be understood by considering the benefit gained from the smaller grains and decreased amount of intermetallic phase in the processed alloy, which reduced the abrasion wear. Hence, the present study suggests that the grain refinement and decreased MgZn phase significantly improve the temperature-dependent tribological characteristics of ZE41 Mg alloy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Investigation on the role of microstructure and temperature on tribological characteristics of fine-grained ZE41 Mg alloy","authors":"M. Venkataiah, T. Anup Kumar, K. Venkata Rao, S. Anand Kumar, R. Dumpala, B. Ratna Sunil","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1951539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1951539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the current work, ZE41 Mg alloy was processed by friction stir processing (FSP) to achieve grain refinement. In addition to grain refinement, decreased intermetallic phase (MgZn) was also observed after FSP. Increased micro-hardness was observed for the processed ZE41 Mg alloy compared to the unprocessed base alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrated the texture characteristics in FSPed ZE41. Reciprocating wear studies conducted at three different temperatures, i.e. room temperature, 125 °C, and 250 °C showed lower mass loss for the processed alloy compared to that of the base alloy, particularly at elevated temperatures. This behavior can be understood by considering the benefit gained from the smaller grains and decreased amount of intermetallic phase in the processed alloy, which reduced the abrasion wear. Hence, the present study suggests that the grain refinement and decreased MgZn phase significantly improve the temperature-dependent tribological characteristics of ZE41 Mg alloy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"68 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17515831.2021.1951539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45527680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1945861
M. S. Prabhudev, S. A. Kori
ABSTRACT In this paper, effect of minor additions of magnesium content in the form of master alloys on the high-temperature dry sliding wear behaviour for A356 alloy has been reported. Alloy composition, normal pressures and sliding distances on A356 alloy at constant temperature of 300°C was studied. The cast alloys and worn surfaces were characterized by SEM/EDX microanalysis. The results indicate that the wear rate of A356 alloy increases with an increase in normal pressures and sliding distances in all the cases and decreases when 0.7% Mg is added to A356 alloy. The decrease in wear rate after the addition of Mg is mainly due to changes in microstructure which lead to improvement in mechanical properties. Further, worn surface study indicates that the formation of iron-rich oxide layer between the mating surfaces during sliding improves sliding wear performance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Dry sliding wear characteristics of Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy with minor additions of magnesium at high temperature","authors":"M. S. Prabhudev, S. A. Kori","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1945861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1945861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, effect of minor additions of magnesium content in the form of master alloys on the high-temperature dry sliding wear behaviour for A356 alloy has been reported. Alloy composition, normal pressures and sliding distances on A356 alloy at constant temperature of 300°C was studied. The cast alloys and worn surfaces were characterized by SEM/EDX microanalysis. The results indicate that the wear rate of A356 alloy increases with an increase in normal pressures and sliding distances in all the cases and decreases when 0.7% Mg is added to A356 alloy. The decrease in wear rate after the addition of Mg is mainly due to changes in microstructure which lead to improvement in mechanical properties. Further, worn surface study indicates that the formation of iron-rich oxide layer between the mating surfaces during sliding improves sliding wear performance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"2 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17515831.2021.1945861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45915201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1930343
S. Srivathsan, S. Raman
ABSTRACT In studies on a material fretted with different contact pad materials having different hardness values, there will be effect of both chemical composition and hardness. In the present work, the effect of hardness was studied by keeping the chemical composition of the contact pad material the same. Test samples were made of Ti–6Al–4V and fretting pads were made of Alloy 718. By heat treatments (annealing and ageing), the hardness of the pads was changed. The effect of hardness of pads was observed only at higher contact pressure of 175 MPa and lower cyclic stresses, where annealed pads restricted the life of Ti–6Al–4V samples compared to aged pads. This is because the relatively softer Alloy 718 pads in annealed condition had relatively higher adhesion to the Ti–6Al–4V samples leading to higher tangential force coefficient values compared to that of harder pads in the aged condition. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Fretting fatigue behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V in contact with Alloy 718","authors":"S. Srivathsan, S. Raman","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1930343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1930343","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In studies on a material fretted with different contact pad materials having different hardness values, there will be effect of both chemical composition and hardness. In the present work, the effect of hardness was studied by keeping the chemical composition of the contact pad material the same. Test samples were made of Ti–6Al–4V and fretting pads were made of Alloy 718. By heat treatments (annealing and ageing), the hardness of the pads was changed. The effect of hardness of pads was observed only at higher contact pressure of 175 MPa and lower cyclic stresses, where annealed pads restricted the life of Ti–6Al–4V samples compared to aged pads. This is because the relatively softer Alloy 718 pads in annealed condition had relatively higher adhesion to the Ti–6Al–4V samples leading to higher tangential force coefficient values compared to that of harder pads in the aged condition. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"143 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17515831.2021.1930343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44734804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1944549
G. Adeyemi, R. Dwyer-Joyce, J. T. Stephen, A. Adebayo
ABSTRACT Lubrication is essential in metal cold rolling operation to regulate friction at the metal–roll interface, reduce energy loss and improve the product surface finish. A novel non-intrusive pitch-catch technique, based on the reflection of ultrasound, was employed on a pilot mill to evaluate oil-film thickness at the metal–roll interface during the metal cold rolling operation. During the metal rolling process, oil-film thickness was measured under varying rolling load and rolling speed. The oil-film thickness increases as the roll speed increases and reduces as the rolling load increases. The values of oil-film thickness obtained from this non-intrusive ultrasonic technique agree with theoretical values. This study is a proof of concept and has shown promising results. If further developed, the technique could be employed for in situ monitoring of lubricant during rolling operation in metal rolling industries. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Ultrasonic technique for measurement of oil-film thickness in metal cold rolling","authors":"G. Adeyemi, R. Dwyer-Joyce, J. T. Stephen, A. Adebayo","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1944549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1944549","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lubrication is essential in metal cold rolling operation to regulate friction at the metal–roll interface, reduce energy loss and improve the product surface finish. A novel non-intrusive pitch-catch technique, based on the reflection of ultrasound, was employed on a pilot mill to evaluate oil-film thickness at the metal–roll interface during the metal cold rolling operation. During the metal rolling process, oil-film thickness was measured under varying rolling load and rolling speed. The oil-film thickness increases as the roll speed increases and reduces as the rolling load increases. The values of oil-film thickness obtained from this non-intrusive ultrasonic technique agree with theoretical values. This study is a proof of concept and has shown promising results. If further developed, the technique could be employed for in situ monitoring of lubricant during rolling operation in metal rolling industries. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"177 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17515831.2021.1944549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44807762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1938869
Milena Gallego, Stefany Carolina Chávez, J. de la Roche, A. Toro
ABSTRACT Heat treatments were carried out at 350, 450, 550 and 650°C on WC-10Co4Cr coatings deposited by High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) onto AISI 420 stainless steel substrate in order to study their influence on the abrasive wear resistance of the coatings. The thickness and microhardness of the coatings were measured while the microstructure was analysed with the aid of OM, SEM and XRD techniques. The X-ray diffraction results revealed the presence of W2C phase in the as-sprayed coatings, and WO3 and CoWO4 phases after the heat treatments. No significant degradation of the microstructure was observed in coatings treated at 350°C compared with the as-sprayed coatings. Coatings treated at temperatures above 450°C, on the other hand, showed significant changes related to density, microstructure and surface hardness. The coatings treated at 350°C showed the best wear resistance, while the coatings treated at 550°C presented the worst performance due to microstructural defects related to oxidation processes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on the wet abrasion resistance of WC-10Co4Cr coatings deposited onto stainless steel by HVOF","authors":"Milena Gallego, Stefany Carolina Chávez, J. de la Roche, A. Toro","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1938869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1938869","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Heat treatments were carried out at 350, 450, 550 and 650°C on WC-10Co4Cr coatings deposited by High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) onto AISI 420 stainless steel substrate in order to study their influence on the abrasive wear resistance of the coatings. The thickness and microhardness of the coatings were measured while the microstructure was analysed with the aid of OM, SEM and XRD techniques. The X-ray diffraction results revealed the presence of W2C phase in the as-sprayed coatings, and WO3 and CoWO4 phases after the heat treatments. No significant degradation of the microstructure was observed in coatings treated at 350°C compared with the as-sprayed coatings. Coatings treated at temperatures above 450°C, on the other hand, showed significant changes related to density, microstructure and surface hardness. The coatings treated at 350°C showed the best wear resistance, while the coatings treated at 550°C presented the worst performance due to microstructural defects related to oxidation processes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"168 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17515831.2021.1938869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42789168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-20DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1931771
P. D. Srivyas, M. Charoo
ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of n-Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) on the tribological properties of a eutectic Al–Si (aluminum silicon) alloy was investigated. For Al–Si/n-Al2O3 (advanced composite), the coefficient of friction (COF) decreased by 34.41% and the wear resistance enhanced by 43.75% compared with base matrix alloys under high temperature (HT) conditions. For Al–Si/n-Al2O3/GNP (hybrid composite), COF decreased by 61.41% and the wear resistance improved by 96.87% at HT compared with base matrixes (eutectic Al–Si alloy). This finding was attributed to enhanced lubrication through GNP, glazed layer, thin tribooxide film (TTL) and mechanical mixed layer (MML) present on wear scars. Melt wear caused by scuffing was the main wear mechanism for the base composition at 300 and 400°C, and adhesion abrasion, crack formation and delamination pits were the wear mechanisms observed for the advanced and hybrid composites at extreme temperature conditions. Highlights Al–Si/ n-Al2O3 and Al–Si/ n-Al2O3/GNP composites were fabricated through spark plasma sintering. The tribological performance of the fabricated composite samples was investigated under dry sliding at elevated operating temperatures (100–400°C). The coefficient of friction and wear resistance improved with an increase in the secondary GNP reinforcement. Transition in the wear regime occurred at approximately 0.8 of melting temperature. The self-lubrication mechanism of GNP was observed on the wear track, which significantly reduced scar surface roughness. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Tribological behavior of hybrid aluminum self-lubricating composites under dry sliding conditions at elevated temperature","authors":"P. D. Srivyas, M. Charoo","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1931771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1931771","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of n-Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) on the tribological properties of a eutectic Al–Si (aluminum silicon) alloy was investigated. For Al–Si/n-Al2O3 (advanced composite), the coefficient of friction (COF) decreased by 34.41% and the wear resistance enhanced by 43.75% compared with base matrix alloys under high temperature (HT) conditions. For Al–Si/n-Al2O3/GNP (hybrid composite), COF decreased by 61.41% and the wear resistance improved by 96.87% at HT compared with base matrixes (eutectic Al–Si alloy). This finding was attributed to enhanced lubrication through GNP, glazed layer, thin tribooxide film (TTL) and mechanical mixed layer (MML) present on wear scars. Melt wear caused by scuffing was the main wear mechanism for the base composition at 300 and 400°C, and adhesion abrasion, crack formation and delamination pits were the wear mechanisms observed for the advanced and hybrid composites at extreme temperature conditions. Highlights Al–Si/ n-Al2O3 and Al–Si/ n-Al2O3/GNP composites were fabricated through spark plasma sintering. The tribological performance of the fabricated composite samples was investigated under dry sliding at elevated operating temperatures (100–400°C). The coefficient of friction and wear resistance improved with an increase in the secondary GNP reinforcement. Transition in the wear regime occurred at approximately 0.8 of melting temperature. The self-lubrication mechanism of GNP was observed on the wear track, which significantly reduced scar surface roughness. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"153 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17515831.2021.1931771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48538531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2022.2058797
Pardeep Kumar Nagpal, Suresh Kumar, Ranvir Singh Panwar, J. Sharma, N. Singla, S. Mahla
ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of the in-situ tribo-oxide-layer on non-lubricated tribological behaviours of LM27/SiCp composites was studied at different applied loads. For this purpose, LM27/SiCp composites were manufactured by stir casting route with reinforcement of different amounts (3–12 wt.%) and different sizes (fine: 1–20 µm and coarse: 106–125 µm) of SiCp. A comprehensive characterization of the friction and wear mechanisms ranging from mild to severe wear for oxidative and delamination at a contact pressure of 0.125–0.624 MPa was discussed. Results indicate that the friction and wear behaviour is strongly influenced by the morphology and the nature of the oxide scale on the wear track. In-situ formation of oxide layers on the contact region of the specimen supports the self-lubrication which supports better wear performance of LM27/SiCp composites. However, these study portraits that composite with 12wt. % fine size SiCp exhibits better wear performance in comparison to the other developed composites. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Effect of in-situ tribo-oxide-layer on the non-lubricated tribological behaviours of LM27/SiCp composites","authors":"Pardeep Kumar Nagpal, Suresh Kumar, Ranvir Singh Panwar, J. Sharma, N. Singla, S. Mahla","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2022.2058797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2022.2058797","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of the in-situ tribo-oxide-layer on non-lubricated tribological behaviours of LM27/SiCp composites was studied at different applied loads. For this purpose, LM27/SiCp composites were manufactured by stir casting route with reinforcement of different amounts (3–12 wt.%) and different sizes (fine: 1–20 µm and coarse: 106–125 µm) of SiCp. A comprehensive characterization of the friction and wear mechanisms ranging from mild to severe wear for oxidative and delamination at a contact pressure of 0.125–0.624 MPa was discussed. Results indicate that the friction and wear behaviour is strongly influenced by the morphology and the nature of the oxide scale on the wear track. In-situ formation of oxide layers on the contact region of the specimen supports the self-lubrication which supports better wear performance of LM27/SiCp composites. However, these study portraits that composite with 12wt. % fine size SiCp exhibits better wear performance in comparison to the other developed composites. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"267 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43262993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-14DOI: 10.1080/17515831.2021.1907682
A. Zavos, P. Nikolakopoulos
ABSTRACT The engine power losses and sealing behaviour through compression rings have become a priority for engine manufactures in view of future stringent emissions standards. Historically, compression rings have great application in small road vehicles and high-performance engines. The sealing behaviour of the compression ring has a significant effect on generated friction. Therefore, the lubrication conditions in the compression ring-liner conjunction should be addressed. This study comprises ring-liner mixed hydrodynamics using a two-phase flow and a gas blow-by model. This is implemented to investigate the characteristics of a high-performance top compression ring for different engine conditions. Low, medium, and high driving speeds are examined according to world-wide harmonized light vehicles test cycle. Additionally, the impact of lubricant temperature and compression ring width on power loss and fuel consumption are investigated to display the better engine performance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Investigation of the top compression ring power loss and energy consumption for different engine conditions","authors":"A. Zavos, P. Nikolakopoulos","doi":"10.1080/17515831.2021.1907682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2021.1907682","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The engine power losses and sealing behaviour through compression rings have become a priority for engine manufactures in view of future stringent emissions standards. Historically, compression rings have great application in small road vehicles and high-performance engines. The sealing behaviour of the compression ring has a significant effect on generated friction. Therefore, the lubrication conditions in the compression ring-liner conjunction should be addressed. This study comprises ring-liner mixed hydrodynamics using a two-phase flow and a gas blow-by model. This is implemented to investigate the characteristics of a high-performance top compression ring for different engine conditions. Low, medium, and high driving speeds are examined according to world-wide harmonized light vehicles test cycle. Additionally, the impact of lubricant temperature and compression ring width on power loss and fuel consumption are investigated to display the better engine performance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":23331,"journal":{"name":"Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces","volume":"16 1","pages":"130 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17515831.2021.1907682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42952808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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