Turkish Journal of Chemistry最新文献

After abdominal surgery, there is a possibility of adhesions between the abdominal organs and the abdominal wall. The adhesions can lead to problems such as chronic pain, intestinal blockage, and infertility. To prevent adhesion, antiadhesion patches can be used. In this study, poly hydroxybutyrate-co-hexanoate membranes were fabricated as antiadhesion patches and modified with either fatty acids or polyethylene glycol. The homogeneity and protein absorption of the membranes were assessed. The effects on blood coagulation factors were determined and the adhesion-proliferation properties of human fibroblast cells on the membranes were determined. The results show that myristic acid slightly increases surface free energy (40.7 ± 4.2 mN/m), decreases polar interaction (6.7 ± 0.7%), and has no effect on cell adhesion or proliferation at low concentrations, but does at high concentrations. Oleic acid slightly increases surface free energy (45.91 ± 4.8 mN/m), does not affect polar interaction (11.4 ± 0.9%), and increases cell proliferation at low concentrations. Both polyethylene glycol 400 and polyethylene glycol 8000 decrease cell adhesion and proliferation and do not change the surface free energy of membranes (39.6 ± 2.6 mN/m and 37.8 ± 1.8 mN/m, respectively), but decrease polar interaction (6.6 ± 0.3% and 5.1 ± 0.2%, respectively). In conclusion, the modified membrane is a good candidate for an antiadhesion patch for abdominal surgery.

A novel silica-based material (SBM), synthesized from chemically-, thermally-, and mechanically-treated blast furnace slag (TBFS), was examined for its batch-mode lead adsorption capacity based on various parameters. Physicochemical examinations revealed that the formulation of the new SBM consisted mainly of silica, which represented 81.79% of its total composition. After modification, the measured specific surface area changed significantly, from 275.8 to 480.13 m²/g, with a point of zero charge (PZC) of approximately 3.4 on the pH scale. The experiment revealed that the driving factors (contact time, stirring speed, solution pH, temperature, and initial concentration) greatly influenced improvement of the lead adsorption capacity, which reached 164.84 mg/g after 40 min of interaction. The adsorption isotherms demonstrated that the lead adsorption took place on a homogeneous surface and in a single layer, which was confirmed by the correlation coefficient and the ability of the Langmuir model to adsorb. The separation factor (R_L) and heterogeneity factor (1/n) demonstrated that adsorption was favorable, while the Temkin parameter (b_t) revealed that removal occurred through physical adsorption. According to the kinetic analysis, this process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and was regulated by both external diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that lead adsorption was a spontaneous, exothermic, less entropic, and physical process, driven by electrostatic interaction. Activation energy revealed that the lead removal process occurred through physical adsorption. Desorption analysis demonstrated that SBM can be reused up to four consecutive times.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), pioneer members of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily, are frequently mutated and/or overexpressed in several types of human cancers, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer, which are leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. EGFR and HER2-focused anti-NSCLC and antibreast cancer studies encouraged us to search for new potential agents. For this purpose, in the current work, naphthalene-linked pyrazoline-thiazole hybrids (BTT-1-10 and BTP-1-10) were synthesized and examined for their antiproliferative effects on A549 NSCLC and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. According to the results, the MTT assay showed that BTT-5 induced strong toxicity in A549 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 9.51 ± 3.35 μM compared to lapatinib (IC₅₀ = 16.44 ± 3.92 μM). BTT-5 also presented a high selectivity profile between the Jurkat cell line and PBMCs (healthy) (SI = 65.65). Furthermore, BTT-5 augmented apoptosis significantly in A549 cells (18.40%). BTT-5 displayed significant EGFR inhibition (58.32%) and no significant HER2 inhibition at 10 μM concentration, showing its selective kinase inhibitory effects. The molecular docking assessment indicated that BTT-5 showed high affinity with a different binding profile than lapatinib in the ATP binding cleft of EGFR. Consequently, BTT-5 can serve as a lead for future anti-NSCLC studies.

The detection of intracellular biothiols (cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine, and glutathione) with high selectivity and sensitivity is important to reveal biological functions. In this study, a 2-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenoxy)-3-chloro-5,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (DDN-O) compound (3) was newly synthesized and used as a fluorogenic probe (detector molecule) in the fluorometric method for the rapid, highly selective, and sensitive determination of biothiols. The intensity values (λ_ex = 260 nm, λ_em = 620 nm) of the product were measured by adding biothiols to the reaction medium at varying concentrations and the glutathione equivalent thiol content values of each biothiol were calculated. Using compound 3, glutathione as the reference biothiol was detected in the linear concentration range of 10-70 μM and the LOD value was found to be 0.11 μM. Biothiol detection with structurally simple compound 3 was performed at the cellular level within 1 min and the probe was also successfully used in bioimaging with low cytotoxicity. It was concluded that this probe can serve as an alternative to existing fluorescence-based biothiol probes with applications in rapid biothiol detection at the cellular level for biological functions. To evaluate the molecular structure of 3, conformational analysis was performed using the PM3 semiempirical method. The most stable obtained molecular geometry was then optimized at the DFT/wb97xd/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) and molecular electrostatic potential map analyses were performed for the optimized structure. Molecular docking studies demonstrated the interactions of 3 with HAS (1AO6) and FhGST (2FHE) target proteins.

Spiky zinc oxide (ZnO)/Au nanostructures with spherical shape-defined morphologies were synthesized using polydopamine as a starting template for photoelectrochemical H₂ production under visible light-emitting diode (LED) illumination. This low-temperature processing technique not only facilitated the fabrication of ideal plasmon-sensitive heterostructures, but also enhanced the electron mobility of the photoanodes, reaching 5.7 mA/cm² [at 1.0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)] under visible LED illumination (30 mW/cm²). This notable value was 28 times greater than that observed under dark conditions, primarily attributed to the close Schottky contact between the Au and ZnO spikes. The highest applied bias photon-to-current efficiency value (6.0%, at 0.81 V vs. the RHE) and good incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency, particularly in the visible region, coupled with a significant decrease in photoluminescence intensity, was achieved for the ZnO/Au photoanodes, owing to the improved light harvesting capability and effective electron-hole separation, resulting in the injection of hot electrons from Au to the conduction band of the spiky ZnO. This unique synthesis technique revealed a new generation of visible-light responsive plasmonic heterostructures with regular morphologies for efficient conversion of solar to H₂ fuels and energy storage applications.

A new nonperipheral zinc(II) phthalocyanine bearing octa carboxylic acid ethyl ester derivative substituted triazole attached propylmercaptothiobenzylmercapto derivative was synthesized via the tetramerization reaction of phthalonitrile. The photochemical in vitro photodynamic activity of zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc-I), such as human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cell lines, was investigated in this study. The singlet oxygen generation property of novel zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc-I) was also examined due to the significantly high singlet oxygen quantum yield of ZnPc-I (F_D = 0.66). The antiproliferative effects of ZnPc-I were also investigated on the A549 and H1299 cell lines, and the results demonstrated that ZnPc-I had a strong antiproliferative effect on both cell lines.

The cocrystal (or supramolecular complex) between the Cu(II) complex of salicylic acid and uncoordinated piracetam has been synthesized. Its structure is characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic methods confirm the formation of the metal complex, while X-ray crystallography establishes the molecular and crystal structure of the obtained compound. The Cu(II) complex of salicylic acid (complex molecule) is a symmetric binuclear compound in the form of a "Chinese lantern" and contains 4 salicylic acid and 2 water molecules. It interacts with uncoordinated piracetam through a complicated system of hydrogen bonds. However, according to Hirshfeld surface analysis, the contribution of the O•••H/H•••O contacts is only 24.9%, while H•••H and H•••C/C•••H contacts account for 67.5%, indicating that intermolecular interactions are mainly hydrophobic. In silico (molecular docking) studies of the cocrystal, the complex molecule, and piracetam's antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities confirm that the complex molecule demonstrates enhanced biological activities; practically, the inactive piracetam improved all tested types of bioactivities through cocrystal formation. For example, the binding energy in the case of anti-COVID activity is improved from -10.34 to -11.40 kcal/mol. Thus, cocrystal formation based on metal complexes and inactive organic compounds may be promising in drug design.

Comprehensive studies of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) have shown high interest in fuel cell technologies. As anode catalysts, introducing platinum group metal (PGM) free catalyst is promising for higher catalytic activity towards the EOR, as these are cost-effective, pollution-tolerant, and suitable for sustainable energy conversion. In this investigation, multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) supported PGM-free electrocatalysts are synthesized by the impregnation reduction method. The atomic structure, composition, and morphology of nanoalloy catalysts are discovered through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. Electrochemical behaviours have been analysed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which reveal the oxidation kinetics of ethanol in an alkaline medium on the surface of the catalyst. The structure-activity relationship is a portrait of all the physical and electrochemical analyses that assists in exploring the active site of the surface, which facilitates electrooxidation activity. The C/Fe₅₀Co₅₀ catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and promotes CO removal through a bifunctional mechanism and electronic effect.

The in situ generation of the Vilsmeier-Haack complex was studied by combining Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CS@POCl_2-x with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), demonstrating remarkable efficiency and regioselectivity in transforming epoxides into β-bromoformates. The reported yields were notably high and were achieved under mild reaction conditions. Interestingly, the removal of DMF led to the synthesis of vic-dihalide compounds. The product of this transformation depended on the specific details of how the experiment was done, highlighting how sensitive the process is to different ways of conducting the experiment. The use of a magnetic core-shell catalyst, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CS@POCl_2-x, facilitates a straightforward work-up procedure, simplifying the isolation of the desired products. Furthermore, the reactions were conducted under clean and neutral conditions, contributing to their environmentally friendly nature.

Cryogels containing isocyanate reactive groups were synthesized via photopolymerization of 2-isocyanoethyl methacrylate (ICEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA). By changing the PEGMEMA and ICEMA ratios, cryogel series with varying ratios of reactive isocyanate groups were successfully prepared. The cryogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, and rheometry. To demonstrate that molecules containing amine groups can be immobilized onto synthesized cryogels through isocyanate-amine reactions, the cryogels were conjugated with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine (TFBA) and fluorescein amine (FLA) molecules, and the conjugations were confirmed through FTIR and fluorescence microscopy, respectively, for TFBA and FLA. Additionally, immobilization of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated albumin from bovine serum (FITC-BSA) as fluorescein-labeled model proteins was studied to illustrate that biomolecules can also be bound to the cryogels without any linker. It was shown that the amount of immobilized FITC-labeled model proteins can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of isocyanate reactive groups within the cryogel matrix, and this functionalization was confirmed by fluorescence microscope.