Ukrains'kyi biokhimichnyi zhurnal最新文献

Blood serum of oncologic patients due to immunoglobulin involved in its composition, activates glycolysis in the soluble fraction of muscles when using starch, glycogen and glucose as substrates. The activation is registered under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When elucidating the immunoglobulin effect in a glycolytic chain under aerobic conditions it is shown that its activating effect in the incomplete incubation system is manifested with such glycolysis substrates as fructose-6-phosphate and 2-phosphoglyceric acid. Glycolysis activation with serum is insignificant or absent at all with the presence of glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 3-phosphoglyceric aldehide, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, sodium pyruvate. Immunoglobulin isolated from the blood serum of oncologic patients does not affect the activity of purified preparations of hexokinase, glycerinaldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When using the air as a gas medium lactate dehydrogenase is activated by immunoglobulin. Lactate dehydrogenase activity under aerobic and anaerobic conditions is essentially lower than in the case when the air serves as a gas medium.

The article deals with the data of the recent years on localization, structural organization and function of the adenylate cyclase system enzymes. They are mainly membrane-linked enzymes responsible for perception, transformation and transmission of signals of nervous and humoral systems from the cell surface to its internal part, right up the genetic apparatus. The enzymes are characterized catalyzing formation and transformation of cAMP-adenylate cyclase, phosphodisterase and enzymes by means of which intracellular metabolism is regulated with participation of cAMP-protein kinases and phosphoproteinphosphatases. The data are systematized as to possible interrelation of the adenylate cyclatase system function with calcium ion exchange. Attention is concentrated on the system possible role in the transport of this important cation, particularly in ensuring the function of the organism contractile systems.

The amperometric method is suggested for the quantitative determination of proteins. The method is based on ability of copper to form the intracomplex compounds with proteins and hardly soluble compounds with potassium ferrocyanide. The sensitivity of the method is 10 micrograms of protein per 1 ml. Main advantages of the method are as follows: a) the accuracy of the method is higher than that of the Lawry method and is 5%; b) possibility to determine proteins at any pH; c) possibility to determine stained proteins.

Activity of glycolysis enzymes such as: phosphofructokinase, aldolase, phosphoglucomutase, was determined in the regenerate of a bone, bone fragments, native bone and, for the sake of comparison, in the animal muscles after the radius resection and feeding of carbostimulin and its mixture with vitamin D3 for 10 days. On the 12th day after the radius resection the phosphofructokinase activity in rabbits increases in the native and operated bones as compared to that in bones of nonoperative animals. In the group of rabbits which were fed on the mixture of carbostimulin and vitamin D3 the phosphofructokinase activity is 7-2 times as high. In the regenerate of these animals the activity becomes 12 times as high as that in the regenerate of the control rabbits. An analogous increase in the aldolase and phosphoglucomutase reaction rate is observed in the bones of the animals which received carbostimulin and vitamin D3 (4.5 and 7.5 times, respectively). The same tendency to the increase in the activity of these enzymes is observed in the regenerate tissue. In the muscular tissue at this stage of regeneration the activity of the studied enzymes which is usually high in norm decreases.

Cytoplasmic RNA of the rat regenerating liver and liver of rats with hepatoma PC-1 is separated into five fractions on the column of kieselgur with methylated albumin (MAK). Studies in the nucleotide composition showed that certain fractions of cytoplasm RNA are ribosomal and messenger RNA. The highest amount of radioactive precursor is incorporated into messenger RNA of the rat regenerating liver and liver of the rats with hepatoma PC-1 which is eluated from the column by 0.2% solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate at 37 degrees C (third fraction). Actinomycin D in doses inhibiting appearance of characteristic proteins in the blood serum of rats with the regenerating liver and heaptoma PC-1 blocks almost completely biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA eluated from the MAK column in the gradient of sodium chloride (second fraction), and that of messenger RNA, eluated by sodium dodecyl-sulphate at 37 degrees C (third fraction).

The effect of massive doses of vitamin A was studied as applied to the tumor growth in rats with Guerin's carcinoma, protein biosynthesis in them and enzymic activity. It is established that intraperitoneal administration of vitamin A massive doses (the total quantity being 4000 000 and 2000 000 I.U.) in equal doses for 6 days decreases tumor sizes and weight, intensity of protein biosynthesis by the cell-free protein-synthetizing system of the small intestine mucosa, intensifies activity of retinylpalmitate hydrolase, decreases that of retinylpalmitate synthetase, increases the activity of alanine aminotransferase. The authors assume that under the effect of vitamin A massive doses the capacity of retinol-binding protein transporting vitamin A is exhausted, the latter being transported in a cell by lipoproteids, which causes the cell membrane lysis.

After subcutaneous administration in equimolar, close to therapeutic, doses accumulation of 1-14C-PANTOGAB exceeds accumulation of 1-14C-GABA in the brain areas only at early stages of observations: 7.5 and 15 min. In blood at all the time except for 4 h, the amount of 1-14C-PANTOGAB exceeds essentially the content of 1-14C-GABA. Maximum of 14C-PANTOGAB accumulation in the brain is observed 30 min later and that of 14C-GABA by 60 min. Difference in distribution of both preparations between the brain areas are inconsiderable. In the period of maximum accumulation there is a tendency to a more intensive 1-14C-PANTOGAB incorporation into the cerebellum, and 1-14C-GABA into truncus cerebri. The dynamics of accumulation in the brain and removing of the studied compounds from blood evidences for better absorption from the place of administration and for a weaker biotransformation of PANTOGAB as compared to GABA.