Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.54
J. Buse
{"title":"Latest Developments in Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Insulin, and Adjunctive Treatments in Type 1 Diabetes","authors":"J. Buse","doi":"10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"14 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.62
S. Kalra, R. Singla, Rahul Rosha, Munish Dhawan, D. Khandelwal, B. Kalra
1. Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India; 2. Department of Endocrinology, Kalpavriksh Healthcare, New Delhi, India; 3. Department of Nutrition, Novique Healthcare, Pune, India; 4. Department of Pediatrics, Miri Piri Hospital, Shahabad, India; 5. Department of Endocrinology, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, New Delhi, India; 6. Department of Gynecology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
{"title":"The Ketogenic Diet","authors":"S. Kalra, R. Singla, Rahul Rosha, Munish Dhawan, D. Khandelwal, B. Kalra","doi":"10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"1. Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India; 2. Department of Endocrinology, Kalpavriksh Healthcare, New Delhi, India; 3. Department of Nutrition, Novique Healthcare, Pune, India; 4. Department of Pediatrics, Miri Piri Hospital, Shahabad, India; 5. Department of Endocrinology, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, New Delhi, India; 6. Department of Gynecology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.80
L. Winning, G. Linden
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory disease which is characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth supporting structures and ultimately, potential tooth loss. A relationship between CP and diabetes has been recognized for some time. Both diseases share several collective risk factors, however, recent research has provided greater insight into the relationship with evidence emerging for each disease being a co-factor in the pathogenesis of the other. The aim of this review is to examine recent epidemiological evidence for the impact of diabetes on CP, and in the reverse direction, the impact of CP on diabetes. Based on the available evidence to date, it seems likely that the level of metabolic control influences future periodontal disease risk. In the reverse direction, the presence of CP has the potential to adversely affect glycemic control in both diabetes-affected and diabetes-free individuals. CP may potentially be a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in diabetes-free individuals. Interventional studies show that successful treatment of CP may improve metabolic control in people with diabetes in the short term.
{"title":"A Review of the Relationship Between Chronic Periodontitis and Diabetes","authors":"L. Winning, G. Linden","doi":"10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.80","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory disease which is characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth supporting structures and ultimately, potential tooth loss. A relationship between CP and diabetes has been recognized for some time. Both diseases share several collective risk factors, however, recent research has provided greater insight into the relationship with evidence emerging for each disease being a co-factor in the pathogenesis of the other. The aim of this review is to examine recent epidemiological evidence for the impact of diabetes on CP, and in the reverse direction, the impact of CP on diabetes. Based on the available evidence to date, it seems likely that the level of metabolic control influences future periodontal disease risk. In the reverse direction, the presence of CP has the potential to adversely affect glycemic control in both diabetes-affected and diabetes-free individuals. CP may potentially be a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in diabetes-free individuals. Interventional studies show that successful treatment of CP may improve metabolic control in people with diabetes in the short term.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"52 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.77
J. Mechanick, Diabetes Endocrinology
T ype 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex, chronic disease with a significant quality of life burden for affected individuals, as well as socio-economic burdens on a population scale. Efforts to mitigate morbidity, mortality, and risks for other acute and chronic diseases have been compromised by a traditional chronic disease model that focuses on tertiary prevention (i.e., waiting until the disease is fully manifest and in many cases with severe complications). More specifically, the role for prevention at an earlier “prediabetes” stage has been questioned. A re-examination of the biology and clinical data on T2D pathogenesis can modulate the way we think about T2D. The new Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease (DBCD) model addresses these challenges by positioning T2D and prediabetes along a continuous spectrum from insulin resistance to prediabetes to T2D to vascular complications. It is hoped that by conceptualizing T2D in the DBCD framework, health care professionals can provide more efficient, cost-effective care.
{"title":"Dysglycemia-based Chronic Disease— Diabetes Re-worked","authors":"J. Mechanick, Diabetes Endocrinology","doi":"10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.77","url":null,"abstract":"T ype 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex, chronic disease with a significant quality of life burden for affected individuals, as well as socio-economic burdens on a population scale. Efforts to mitigate morbidity, mortality, and risks for other acute and chronic diseases have been compromised by a traditional chronic disease model that focuses on tertiary prevention (i.e., waiting until the disease is fully manifest and in many cases with severe complications). More specifically, the role for prevention at an earlier “prediabetes” stage has been questioned. A re-examination of the biology and clinical data on T2D pathogenesis can modulate the way we think about T2D. The new Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease (DBCD) model addresses these challenges by positioning T2D and prediabetes along a continuous spectrum from insulin resistance to prediabetes to T2D to vascular complications. It is hoped that by conceptualizing T2D in the DBCD framework, health care professionals can provide more efficient, cost-effective care.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"14 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.65
Oscar Rosero Olarte, M. A. Andrade
Several studies have linked diabetes mellitus with an increased risk of bone fractures. Patients with type 1 diabetes have lower bone mineral density and patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of fracture despite normal or high bone mineral density, measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Different mechanisms have been proposed in the pathophysiology of bone disease in diabetic patients. The mechanisms involved include microvasculature changes, advanced glycation end products accumulation, and altered osteoblast–osteoclast function with increased sclerostin, decreased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), decreased osteocalcin, and other molecular alterations, leading to a decrease in bone turnover and altered bone quality. Other factors, such as increased risk of falls related to diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy have also been proposed. Different diagnostic methods have been described for the study of bone disease in patients with diabetes, due to the lack of correlation between bone mineral density measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry and the fracture risk in this group of patients. These methods include the evaluation of bone turnover markers, the FRAX score, the trabecular bone score, and the evaluation of microarchitecture with high-resolution peripheral quantitative tomography. This editorial provides a short overview of the underlying mechanisms between diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis, and the diagnostic methods used to evaluate these patients.
{"title":"Underlying Mechanisms Between Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis","authors":"Oscar Rosero Olarte, M. A. Andrade","doi":"10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.65","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have linked diabetes mellitus with an increased risk of bone fractures. Patients with type 1 diabetes have lower bone mineral density and patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of fracture despite normal or high bone mineral density, measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Different mechanisms have been proposed in the pathophysiology of bone disease in diabetic patients. The mechanisms involved include microvasculature changes, advanced glycation end products accumulation, and altered osteoblast–osteoclast function with increased sclerostin, decreased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), decreased osteocalcin, and other molecular alterations, leading to a decrease in bone turnover and altered bone quality. Other factors, such as increased risk of falls related to diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy have also been proposed. Different diagnostic methods have been described for the study of bone disease in patients with diabetes, due to the lack of correlation between bone mineral density measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry and the fracture risk in this group of patients. These methods include the evaluation of bone turnover markers, the FRAX score, the trabecular bone score, and the evaluation of microarchitecture with high-resolution peripheral quantitative tomography. This editorial provides a short overview of the underlying mechanisms between diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis, and the diagnostic methods used to evaluate these patients.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"14 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2018.14.1.32
S. Ajmal, A. Anwar, Annum Khan
{"title":"Women with Diabetes—Two Specifications Mean Double Trouble","authors":"S. Ajmal, A. Anwar, Annum Khan","doi":"10.17925/USE.2018.14.1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2018.14.1.32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"14 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2018.14.1.18
S. Kalra
Support: No funding was received in the publication of this article. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide, and the cost of managing this global epidemic is considerable, particularly in developing countries with poorer health care systems. There is, therefore, a need for a more holistic approach to diabetes management, which focuses on all aspects of diabetes, from managing blood glucose to addressing the emotional and social aspects of living with diabetes. In an expert interview, Sanjay Kalra of the Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India, discusses the role of mindfulness meditation (MM), which is the practice of working with concentrated awareness to live each moment fully, in the management of diabetes.
{"title":"Mindfulness Meditation in Diabetes","authors":"S. Kalra","doi":"10.17925/USE.2018.14.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2018.14.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Support: No funding was received in the publication of this article. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide, and the cost of managing this global epidemic is considerable, particularly in developing countries with poorer health care systems. There is, therefore, a need for a more holistic approach to diabetes management, which focuses on all aspects of diabetes, from managing blood glucose to addressing the emotional and social aspects of living with diabetes. In an expert interview, Sanjay Kalra of the Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India, discusses the role of mindfulness meditation (MM), which is the practice of working with concentrated awareness to live each moment fully, in the management of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"14 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.56
S. Kalra, B. Saboo
This editorial is based on the philosophy of Leonardo da Vinci, the great maestro, and its relevance to insulin use. We use the basic principles of scientific thought that he practiced to address a major clinical challenge today: the suboptimal insulin experience. The seven cardinal principles of da Vinci: curiosita, dimostrazione, senzazione, sfumato, arte/scienza, corporalita and connessione are applicable to insulin usage as well. This editorial discusses these principles and their concordance with various therapeutic models and frameworks. These include therapeutic patient education, injection technique, diabetes-friendly healthcare, user-friendly delivery devices, the biopsychosocial model, patient-centred care, diabetes therapy by the ear and motivational interviewing. The need to improve insulin literacy and numeracy, teach injection technique with user-friendly delivery devices, and address insulin distress is articulated. The importance of continuing medical education, learning from experience, following a healthy lifestyle and preventing compassion fatigue is discussed.
{"title":"Leonardo da Vinci and the Insulin Experience","authors":"S. Kalra, B. Saboo","doi":"10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2018.14.2.56","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial is based on the philosophy of Leonardo da Vinci, the great maestro, and its relevance to insulin use. We use the basic principles of scientific thought that he practiced to address a major clinical challenge today: the suboptimal insulin experience. The seven cardinal principles of da Vinci: curiosita, dimostrazione, senzazione, sfumato, arte/scienza, corporalita and connessione are applicable to insulin usage as well. This editorial discusses these principles and their concordance with various therapeutic models and frameworks. These include therapeutic patient education, injection technique, diabetes-friendly healthcare, user-friendly delivery devices, the biopsychosocial model, patient-centred care, diabetes therapy by the ear and motivational interviewing. The need to improve insulin literacy and numeracy, teach injection technique with user-friendly delivery devices, and address insulin distress is articulated. The importance of continuing medical education, learning from experience, following a healthy lifestyle and preventing compassion fatigue is discussed.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"14 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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