Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2017.13.01.14
S. Kalra
T his editorial describes a simple and useful checklist that facilitates timely and appropriate insulin initiation and usage in type 2 diabetes. The ‘five Ms’ (5Ms) mnemonic list facilitates timely insulin use by breaking the process down into five ‘M’s: match, motivate, method, monitor, and modify. The 5Ms approach conveys the need to match the patient to the appropriate insulin regime, preparation, and delivery device; to motivate the patient to accept insulin through a process of informed, shared decision making; to ensure the correct method of insulin delivery by teaching injection technique; to monitor therapy by both biomedical (glycemic control, metabolic benefit) and patient reported outcomes (quality of life); and to modify therapeutic strategy, as and when needed. This concept can be used as a teaching tool, a clinical aid, and a practice audit.
{"title":"Insulin—Five ‘M’s that Matter","authors":"S. Kalra","doi":"10.17925/USE.2017.13.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2017.13.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"T his editorial describes a simple and useful checklist that facilitates timely and appropriate insulin initiation and usage in type 2 diabetes. The ‘five Ms’ (5Ms) mnemonic list facilitates timely insulin use by breaking the process down into five ‘M’s: match, motivate, method, monitor, and modify. The 5Ms approach conveys the need to match the patient to the appropriate insulin regime, preparation, and delivery device; to motivate the patient to accept insulin through a process of informed, shared decision making; to ensure the correct method of insulin delivery by teaching injection technique; to monitor therapy by both biomedical (glycemic control, metabolic benefit) and patient reported outcomes (quality of life); and to modify therapeutic strategy, as and when needed. This concept can be used as a teaching tool, a clinical aid, and a practice audit.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"13 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2017.13.01.27
V. Aggarwal, Bhanu Kiran Raja, M. Garg, D. Khandelwal, B. Agarwal
C osmesis after thyroid surgery has always been a concern for patients approaching thyroid surgery. To achieve a scarless surgery in the neck, endoscopic thyroidectomy using different techniques has been described in the literature. The aim of this article is to study the feasibility of endoscopic combined axillary breast approach for thyroid surgery. This is a retrospective study in the department of Endocrine Surgery from a tertiary care center in Delhi, India. Patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy at our center during May 2010–November 2015 were included. The procedure was carried out in subjects who opted for the procedure with unilateral thyroid nodules of size less than 4 cm, with benign and indeterminate cytology, and with no previous neck surgery or radiation to the neck. The details of demographic profile, operative parameters, and postoperative management were collected for all the cases. All 12 subjects were females. The mean age of the subjects was 27.2 (range 14–45) years. Mean operative time was 187 (range 110–232) minutes. There was a temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in one case, local wound infection in two cases, prolonged subcutaneous emphysema in five cases, and prolonged analgesic requirement (>5 days) in 10 cases. No life-threatening complications were seen in any of the subjects. Cosmetic results were excellent as there was no visible scar in the neck. The combined breast axillary approach using endoscopic technique for unilateral thyroid nodule is feasible with acceptable morbidity and can be offered to selected patients for cosmetic advantage.
{"title":"Endoscopic Thyroidectomy—Preliminary Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Delhi, India","authors":"V. Aggarwal, Bhanu Kiran Raja, M. Garg, D. Khandelwal, B. Agarwal","doi":"10.17925/USE.2017.13.01.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2017.13.01.27","url":null,"abstract":"C osmesis after thyroid surgery has always been a concern for patients approaching thyroid surgery. To achieve a scarless surgery in the neck, endoscopic thyroidectomy using different techniques has been described in the literature. The aim of this article is to study the feasibility of endoscopic combined axillary breast approach for thyroid surgery. This is a retrospective study in the department of Endocrine Surgery from a tertiary care center in Delhi, India. Patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy at our center during May 2010–November 2015 were included. The procedure was carried out in subjects who opted for the procedure with unilateral thyroid nodules of size less than 4 cm, with benign and indeterminate cytology, and with no previous neck surgery or radiation to the neck. The details of demographic profile, operative parameters, and postoperative management were collected for all the cases. All 12 subjects were females. The mean age of the subjects was 27.2 (range 14–45) years. Mean operative time was 187 (range 110–232) minutes. There was a temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in one case, local wound infection in two cases, prolonged subcutaneous emphysema in five cases, and prolonged analgesic requirement (>5 days) in 10 cases. No life-threatening complications were seen in any of the subjects. Cosmetic results were excellent as there was no visible scar in the neck. The combined breast axillary approach using endoscopic technique for unilateral thyroid nodule is feasible with acceptable morbidity and can be offered to selected patients for cosmetic advantage.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"13 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2017.13.02.63
Brian A. Grice, J. S. Elmendorf
C holesterol is an essential component of cell membranes, and during the past several years, diabetes researchers have found that membrane cholesterol levels in adipocytes, skeletal muscle fibers and pancreatic beta cells influence insulin action and insulin secretion. Consequently, it is thought that dysregulated cell cholesterol homeostasis could represent a determinant of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical findings compellingly add to this notion by finding increased T2D susceptibility in individuals with alterations in a variety of cholesterol metabolism genes. While it remains imperfectly understood how statins influence glucose metabolism, the fact that they display an influence on blood glucose levels and diabetes susceptibility seems to intensify the emerging importance of understanding cellular cholesterol in glucose metabolism. Taking this into account, this review first presents cell system and animal model findings that demonstrate the negative impact of cellular cholesterol accumulation or diminution on insulin action and insulin secretion. With this framework, a description of how changes in cholesterol metabolism genes are associated with T2D susceptibility will be presented. In addition, the connection between statins and T2D risk will be reviewed with expanded information on pitavastatin, a newer statin medication that displays actions favoring metabolic health.
C -胆固醇是细胞膜的重要组成部分，在过去的几年里，糖尿病研究人员发现脂肪细胞、骨骼肌纤维和胰腺细胞中的膜胆固醇水平影响胰岛素的作用和胰岛素的分泌。因此，人们认为细胞胆固醇稳态失调可能是2型糖尿病(T2D)的决定因素。最近的临床研究结果令人信服地证实了这一观点，发现在多种胆固醇代谢基因改变的个体中，T2D易感性增加。虽然他汀类药物如何影响葡萄糖代谢仍不完全清楚，但它们对血糖水平和糖尿病易感性的影响这一事实似乎加强了理解细胞胆固醇在葡萄糖代谢中的重要性。考虑到这一点，本文首先介绍了细胞系统和动物模型的研究结果，证明细胞胆固醇积累或减少对胰岛素作用和胰岛素分泌的负面影响。在这个框架下，将描述胆固醇代谢基因的变化如何与T2D易感性相关。此外，他汀类药物与T2D风险之间的联系将与匹伐他汀(一种较新的他汀类药物，显示有利于代谢健康的作用)的扩展信息一起进行审查。
{"title":"New Aspects of Cellular Cholesterol Regulation on Blood Glucose Control—Review and Perspective on the Impact of Statin Medications on Metabolic Health","authors":"Brian A. Grice, J. S. Elmendorf","doi":"10.17925/USE.2017.13.02.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2017.13.02.63","url":null,"abstract":"C holesterol is an essential component of cell membranes, and during the past several years, diabetes researchers have found that membrane cholesterol levels in adipocytes, skeletal muscle fibers and pancreatic beta cells influence insulin action and insulin secretion. Consequently, it is thought that dysregulated cell cholesterol homeostasis could represent a determinant of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical findings compellingly add to this notion by finding increased T2D susceptibility in individuals with alterations in a variety of cholesterol metabolism genes. While it remains imperfectly understood how statins influence glucose metabolism, the fact that they display an influence on blood glucose levels and diabetes susceptibility seems to intensify the emerging importance of understanding cellular cholesterol in glucose metabolism. Taking this into account, this review first presents cell system and animal model findings that demonstrate the negative impact of cellular cholesterol accumulation or diminution on insulin action and insulin secretion. With this framework, a description of how changes in cholesterol metabolism genes are associated with T2D susceptibility will be presented. In addition, the connection between statins and T2D risk will be reviewed with expanded information on pitavastatin, a newer statin medication that displays actions favoring metabolic health.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"13 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2017.13.02.65
C. Harden
Received: June 12, 2017 Published Online: July 24, 2017 Citation: US Neurology, 2017;13(2):65–6 Corresponding Author: Cynthia L Harden, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Phillips Ambulatory Care Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5D, New York, NY 10003, US. E: Cynthia.Harden@mountsinai.org N ew guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and the American Epilepsy Society on sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) were presented at the 69th Annual AAN Meeting held in Boston, MA, US, May 28–22, 2017 in parallel with their publication in Neurology. In an expert interview, Dr Cynthia L Harden of Mount Sinai discusses SUDEP, why the new guidelines were needed and the key recommendations.
收稿日期:2017年6月12日发布在线日期:2017年7月24日引文:美国神经病学杂志，2017;13(2):65-6通讯作者:Cynthia L Harden，西奈山卫生系统，西奈山Beth Israel Phillips门诊护理中心，10 Union Square East, Suite 5D, New York, NY 10003, US。E: Cynthia.Harden@mountsinai.org美国神经病学学会(AAN)和美国癫痫学会关于癫痫猝死(SUDEP)的新指南于2017年5月28日至22日在美国马萨诸塞州波士顿举行的第69届AAN年会上发布，同时在《神经病学》上发表。在一次专家采访中，西奈山的辛西娅·哈登博士讨论了猝死症，为什么需要新的指导方针和主要建议。
{"title":"Introducing New Guidelines on Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy","authors":"C. Harden","doi":"10.17925/USE.2017.13.02.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2017.13.02.65","url":null,"abstract":"Received: June 12, 2017 Published Online: July 24, 2017 Citation: US Neurology, 2017;13(2):65–6 Corresponding Author: Cynthia L Harden, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Phillips Ambulatory Care Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5D, New York, NY 10003, US. E: Cynthia.Harden@mountsinai.org N ew guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and the American Epilepsy Society on sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) were presented at the 69th Annual AAN Meeting held in Boston, MA, US, May 28–22, 2017 in parallel with their publication in Neurology. In an expert interview, Dr Cynthia L Harden of Mount Sinai discusses SUDEP, why the new guidelines were needed and the key recommendations.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"13 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.12
C. Lardinois
Almost four decades ago, the American medical establishment was bamboozled into believing that consumption of dietary fat and cholesterol were critical factors in cardiovascular disease. Many trace the confusion to Ancel Keys, who strongly believed that dietary fat and cholesterol were closely related to the development of heart disease. In 1970, Keys published the Seven Countries Study (which included Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia, Finland, the Netherlands, Japan, and the US), which showed that dietary saturated fat intake increased total cholesterol, and this was associated with an increase coronary mortality. However, data were actually available for 22, rather than seven, countries and, in the analysis of all the data, a poor relationship between total fat intake and heart disease can be seen. So why did Keys omit countries where the consumption of total and saturated fat were higher, yet the risk of heart disease was low? Many critics conclude that the study was biased in favor of his hypothesis.
{"title":"Nutritional Recommendations—We Must Get Them Right at Last","authors":"C. Lardinois","doi":"10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"Almost four decades ago, the American medical establishment was bamboozled into believing that consumption of dietary fat and cholesterol were critical factors in cardiovascular disease. Many trace the confusion to Ancel Keys, who strongly believed that dietary fat and cholesterol were closely related to the development of heart disease. In 1970, Keys published the Seven Countries Study (which included Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia, Finland, the Netherlands, Japan, and the US), which showed that dietary saturated fat intake increased total cholesterol, and this was associated with an increase coronary mortality. However, data were actually available for 22, rather than seven, countries and, in the analysis of all the data, a poor relationship between total fat intake and heart disease can be seen. So why did Keys omit countries where the consumption of total and saturated fat were higher, yet the risk of heart disease was low? Many critics conclude that the study was biased in favor of his hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67601655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.24
M. Fridman, Y. Demidchik, V. Drozd, C. Reiners
The Management Guidelines for Childhood Differentiated Thyroid Cancer by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Task Force1 built up a system for evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of children with papillary carcinoma. For this approach, recommendations based on scientific evidence and expert opinion play a crucial role in identifying patients at risk of persistent cervical disease and/or distant metastases after initial total thyroidectomy with or without lymph node dissection. In our opinion, this issue needs further consideration because of several uncertainties that have to be addressed.
{"title":"Concerns About the American Thyroid Association Guidelines on Pediatric Thyroid Cancer","authors":"M. Fridman, Y. Demidchik, V. Drozd, C. Reiners","doi":"10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.24","url":null,"abstract":"The Management Guidelines for Childhood Differentiated Thyroid Cancer by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Task Force1 built up a system for evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of children with papillary carcinoma. For this approach, recommendations based on scientific evidence and expert opinion play a crucial role in identifying patients at risk of persistent cervical disease and/or distant metastases after initial total thyroidectomy with or without lymph node dissection. In our opinion, this issue needs further consideration because of several uncertainties that have to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67602060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2016.12.02.87
Nazaneen Eshragh, S. Lafranchi
{"title":"Key developments in pediatric endocrinology in 2015","authors":"Nazaneen Eshragh, S. Lafranchi","doi":"10.17925/USE.2016.12.02.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2016.12.02.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"87-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67602885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2016.12.02.81
J. Gavin
T ype 2 diabetes has been definitively characterized as one of the most physiologically complex and heterogeneous metabolic known diseases. The extraordinary depth of knowledge that has been achieved regarding the pathophysiology has helped to stimulate an explosive array of therapeutic regimens and monitoring tools for improving outcomes in this disease. Indeed, the clinical narrative about ‘control’ of diabetes has shifted markedly in the last two years, away from a focus on glucose-mediated vascular complications to defining diabetes control as cardiovascular risk reduction and end organ protection. The new tools for management coupled with new pathophysiologic insights have brought a tide of good news for the millions of people living with type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes in a Time of Change—A Tide of Good News","authors":"J. Gavin","doi":"10.17925/USE.2016.12.02.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2016.12.02.81","url":null,"abstract":"T ype 2 diabetes has been definitively characterized as one of the most physiologically complex and heterogeneous metabolic known diseases. The extraordinary depth of knowledge that has been achieved regarding the pathophysiology has helped to stimulate an explosive array of therapeutic regimens and monitoring tools for improving outcomes in this disease. Indeed, the clinical narrative about ‘control’ of diabetes has shifted markedly in the last two years, away from a focus on glucose-mediated vascular complications to defining diabetes control as cardiovascular risk reduction and end organ protection. The new tools for management coupled with new pathophysiologic insights have brought a tide of good news for the millions of people living with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67601796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.14
M. Franz
Weight loss is important for the prevention of prediabetes, for halting the progression of prediabetes to diabetes, and for improving metabolic outcomes early after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. However, as type 2 diabetes progresses from being primarily related to insulin resistance to insulin deficiency, weight loss that can be achieved by many individuals may or may not improve outcomes. A reduced energy intake continues to be essential. For some it may lead to weight loss, for some it may prevent weight regain after weight loss, and for some it may prevent weight gain, but even without weight loss, it can have beneficial effects on metabolic outcomes.
{"title":"The Role of Weight Loss in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"M. Franz","doi":"10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"Weight loss is important for the prevention of prediabetes, for halting the progression of prediabetes to diabetes, and for improving metabolic outcomes early after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. However, as type 2 diabetes progresses from being primarily related to insulin resistance to insulin deficiency, weight loss that can be achieved by many individuals may or may not improve outcomes. A reduced energy intake continues to be essential. For some it may lead to weight loss, for some it may prevent weight regain after weight loss, and for some it may prevent weight gain, but even without weight loss, it can have beneficial effects on metabolic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67601923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.26
D. E. Ikhena, Joanne Williams, N. Naqvi, L. Pal
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive age women.1 According to National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria (presence of ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism, after exclusion of related disorders), PCOS is estimated to affect 6–8% of women in the US, the prevalence is estimated to be almost doubled to 15% when on the Rotterdam criteria are utilized.2,3
{"title":"Predictors of Scalp Hair Thinning in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","authors":"D. E. Ikhena, Joanne Williams, N. Naqvi, L. Pal","doi":"10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/USE.2016.12.01.26","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive age women.1 According to National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria (presence of ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism, after exclusion of related disorders), PCOS is estimated to affect 6–8% of women in the US, the prevalence is estimated to be almost doubled to 15% when on the Rotterdam criteria are utilized.2,3","PeriodicalId":23490,"journal":{"name":"US endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67602071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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