Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-51-56
Nadezhda Sirotkina
The studies were carried out to determine the dependence of the safety of eyes, fruiting, yield, quality of grapes, and growth vigor of plants of Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety on the load of shoots. The work was carried out in production vineyards in Rostov region in 2020-2022. The feeding area of one plant was 4.5 m2 (planting pattern 3.0×1.5 m), the shape of the bushes was long-armed, the vines were covered. We tested four norms of shoot loading - 20, 25, 30 and 35 pieces per bush. The experiment was carried out in triplicate, 10 bushes each. On average, over the years of study, with an increase in the load of shoots, the proportion of living eyes after wintering along the entire length of the fruit vine decreased from 83% in the variant with 20 shoots to 64% with a load of 35 pieces per bush. The highest proportion of fruit-bearing shoots was noted in the variant with 25 shoots in the bush structure - 80%; the value of this indicator was lower than other variants in plants with a load of 35 pieces per bush - 63%. With an increase in load from minimum to maximum in the experiment, the yield increased significantly from 6.22 to 8.44 t/ha. The mass concentration of sugars in berry juice increased with increasing load of shoots from 22.6 to 25.5 g/100 cm3. The average volume of shoots decreased from 120.1 cm3 in plants with a load of 20 shoots to 62.2 cm3 with 35 shoots in the bush structure.
{"title":"REGULATION OF BASIC AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS OF GRAPES GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BY SHOOT LOAD","authors":"Nadezhda Sirotkina","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-51-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-51-56","url":null,"abstract":"The studies were carried out to determine the dependence of the safety of eyes, fruiting, yield, quality of grapes, and growth vigor of plants of Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety on the load of shoots. The work was carried out in production vineyards in Rostov region in 2020-2022. The feeding area of one plant was 4.5 m2 (planting pattern 3.0×1.5 m), the shape of the bushes was long-armed, the vines were covered. We tested four norms of shoot loading - 20, 25, 30 and 35 pieces per bush. The experiment was carried out in triplicate, 10 bushes each. On average, over the years of study, with an increase in the load of shoots, the proportion of living eyes after wintering along the entire length of the fruit vine decreased from 83% in the variant with 20 shoots to 64% with a load of 35 pieces per bush. The highest proportion of fruit-bearing shoots was noted in the variant with 25 shoots in the bush structure - 80%; the value of this indicator was lower than other variants in plants with a load of 35 pieces per bush - 63%. With an increase in load from minimum to maximum in the experiment, the yield increased significantly from 6.22 to 8.44 t/ha. The mass concentration of sugars in berry juice increased with increasing load of shoots from 22.6 to 25.5 g/100 cm3. The average volume of shoots decreased from 120.1 cm3 in plants with a load of 20 shoots to 62.2 cm3 with 35 shoots in the bush structure.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-57-61
Aleksey Tulinov
The research was carried out in order to identify and select high-yielding, resistant to a complex of fungal and bacterial phytopathogens, promising potato hybrids adapted to abiotic stresses and conditions of the Far North. The work was carried out in the conditions of the Republic of Komi in 2018–2020 on five hybrids: 1992-14 (Udacha×Elmundo), 2000-60 (Kolette×FZ 1867), 2118-57 (2688-8×Gala), 2139-5 (Kurazh×Avrora), 2142-1 (Dina×Kholmogorskiy). The released varieties of two ripeness groups Udacha - early ripening, Nevskiy - medium early served as standards. The soil of the experimental plots is soddy-podzolic, medium loamy in terms of granulometric composition, with an average content of humus. The studies were carried out in breeding nurseries of the competitive test of the 1st-3rd years (hybrids of the sixth, seventh and eighth tuber generations), planting scheme 70×30 cm. The calculation and analysis of the parameters of ecological plasticity and adaptability made it possible to identify three hybrids that received first places most of the indicators under consideration (average yield, genetic flexibility, breeding value, indicator of the level of stability of the variety itself and in comparison with the standards, stress resistance, etc.). Hybrids 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5 according to the results of ranking received 35...39 points, outstripping the standard varieties by 24...33 points. The selected hybrids have a fairly good resistance to phytopathogens on tops and tubers: to common scab and late blight - 7...9 points, to rhizoctoniosis - 9 points. For further breeding work in the conditions of Komi Republic, according to the sum of ranks and the assessment of field resistance to phytopathogens, hybrids 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5 were selected with an average yield of 23.6 ... 31.2 t/ha.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY PARAMETERS OF PROMISING POTATO HYBRIDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC","authors":"Aleksey Tulinov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-57-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-57-61","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out in order to identify and select high-yielding, resistant to a complex of fungal and bacterial phytopathogens, promising potato hybrids adapted to abiotic stresses and conditions of the Far North. The work was carried out in the conditions of the Republic of Komi in 2018–2020 on five hybrids: 1992-14 (Udacha×Elmundo), 2000-60 (Kolette×FZ 1867), 2118-57 (2688-8×Gala), 2139-5 (Kurazh×Avrora), 2142-1 (Dina×Kholmogorskiy). The released varieties of two ripeness groups Udacha - early ripening, Nevskiy - medium early served as standards. The soil of the experimental plots is soddy-podzolic, medium loamy in terms of granulometric composition, with an average content of humus. The studies were carried out in breeding nurseries of the competitive test of the 1st-3rd years (hybrids of the sixth, seventh and eighth tuber generations), planting scheme 70×30 cm. The calculation and analysis of the parameters of ecological plasticity and adaptability made it possible to identify three hybrids that received first places most of the indicators under consideration (average yield, genetic flexibility, breeding value, indicator of the level of stability of the variety itself and in comparison with the standards, stress resistance, etc.). Hybrids 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5 according to the results of ranking received 35...39 points, outstripping the standard varieties by 24...33 points. The selected hybrids have a fairly good resistance to phytopathogens on tops and tubers: to common scab and late blight - 7...9 points, to rhizoctoniosis - 9 points. For further breeding work in the conditions of Komi Republic, according to the sum of ranks and the assessment of field resistance to phytopathogens, hybrids 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5 were selected with an average yield of 23.6 ... 31.2 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-170-179
Guzaliya Klychova, Alsu Zakirova, Amina Husainova, Augul Klychova, Regina Nurieva
The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the methodological support of control procedures carried out in the process of internal control of compliance with labor legislation and accounting for settlements with personnel for wages. The internal control program developed to improve control planning serves as instructions and a means of monitoring the timely and effective implementation of control procedures. The program focuses on important areas of inspection, which contributes to the optimal organization of control activities. The internal control working document “Test for assessing the accounting system of settlements with personnel for wages”, proposed for assessing the accounting system of settlements with personnel for wages, can be used by controllers to determine areas of verification that require additional control procedures. When monitoring compliance with labor legislation, it is necessary to check the documentation of the movement of enterprise personnel. The working document “Checking the documentation of the movement of enterprise personnel” recommended for documenting the results of documentary control should be used to systematize the violations identified during the formal inspection. This allows them to be promptly eliminated and general recommendations to be formulated to prevent these violations in the future. The working document “Checking wage accruals and deductions from it” systematically reflects the operations for which violations and deviations were identified, the essence of the identified violations and recommendations for their elimination. This document allows you to identify areas in the accounting of settlements with personnel for wages, in terms of wage calculations and deductions from it, which require systematic control by the accounting service. The proposed working documents of internal control make it possible to systematize the results of control procedures and provide information to the management of an economic entity for making management decisions.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR INTERNAL CONTROL OF PAYMENTS WITH PERSONNEL FOR WAGES","authors":"Guzaliya Klychova, Alsu Zakirova, Amina Husainova, Augul Klychova, Regina Nurieva","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-170-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-170-179","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the methodological support of control procedures carried out in the process of internal control of compliance with labor legislation and accounting for settlements with personnel for wages. The internal control program developed to improve control planning serves as instructions and a means of monitoring the timely and effective implementation of control procedures. The program focuses on important areas of inspection, which contributes to the optimal organization of control activities. The internal control working document “Test for assessing the accounting system of settlements with personnel for wages”, proposed for assessing the accounting system of settlements with personnel for wages, can be used by controllers to determine areas of verification that require additional control procedures. When monitoring compliance with labor legislation, it is necessary to check the documentation of the movement of enterprise personnel. The working document “Checking the documentation of the movement of enterprise personnel” recommended for documenting the results of documentary control should be used to systematize the violations identified during the formal inspection. This allows them to be promptly eliminated and general recommendations to be formulated to prevent these violations in the future. The working document “Checking wage accruals and deductions from it” systematically reflects the operations for which violations and deviations were identified, the essence of the identified violations and recommendations for their elimination. This document allows you to identify areas in the accounting of settlements with personnel for wages, in terms of wage calculations and deductions from it, which require systematic control by the accounting service. The proposed working documents of internal control make it possible to systematize the results of control procedures and provide information to the management of an economic entity for making management decisions.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-46-50
Farzutdin Mukhamadiarov
The study was carried out in order to identify agroecologically similar territories for guaranteed production of high-quality barley grain in the region. The object of the study was the municipal districts of Kirov region. Study period is 2011-2021 The study was carried out by analyzing the time series of crop yields with the allocation of the ecological component of its variability. To unite objects into classes, the method of pair-group association was used. As a result, 7 agroecologically similar territories were allocated to accommodate crops. The most favorable for the placement of barley crops is agroecologically similar territories 2, which is located in the central agro-climatic zone. Here, the maximum yield of barley (23.5 c/ha) is obtained with a minimum level of variation (16.5%). The cumulative influence of soil and climatic conditions provides a guaranteed crop yield in this area. The soil cover of agroecologically similar territories 1 and 3 is mainly represented by soddy-podzolic and podzolic soils with a high degree of cultivation. Moderate moisture and heat supply in these areas favor the cultivation of barley with a moderate level of variability (17.7-18.8%). In these agroecologically similar territories, the productivity of barley to a greater extent depends on the level of agricultural technology. The combined effect of soil and climatic conditions ensures moderate yields in agroecologically similar territories 5 and 7 with a high level of variation (22.0-24.1%). Therefore, in these territories, in order to obtain a guaranteed yield, it is recommended to use barley varieties that are more adaptive to local conditions. Excessive moisture in agroecologically similar territories 4 and 6 limits the production of high and stable yields. In these territories, the minimum yields are obtained (14.3 and 15.6 c/ha) with a high level of variation (26.8 and 24.6%). It is not recommended to grow barley in these areas.
{"title":"TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF KIROV REGION FOR BARLEY CROPS PLACEMENT","authors":"Farzutdin Mukhamadiarov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-46-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-46-50","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in order to identify agroecologically similar territories for guaranteed production of high-quality barley grain in the region. The object of the study was the municipal districts of Kirov region. Study period is 2011-2021 The study was carried out by analyzing the time series of crop yields with the allocation of the ecological component of its variability. To unite objects into classes, the method of pair-group association was used. As a result, 7 agroecologically similar territories were allocated to accommodate crops. The most favorable for the placement of barley crops is agroecologically similar territories 2, which is located in the central agro-climatic zone. Here, the maximum yield of barley (23.5 c/ha) is obtained with a minimum level of variation (16.5%). The cumulative influence of soil and climatic conditions provides a guaranteed crop yield in this area. The soil cover of agroecologically similar territories 1 and 3 is mainly represented by soddy-podzolic and podzolic soils with a high degree of cultivation. Moderate moisture and heat supply in these areas favor the cultivation of barley with a moderate level of variability (17.7-18.8%). In these agroecologically similar territories, the productivity of barley to a greater extent depends on the level of agricultural technology. The combined effect of soil and climatic conditions ensures moderate yields in agroecologically similar territories 5 and 7 with a high level of variation (22.0-24.1%). Therefore, in these territories, in order to obtain a guaranteed yield, it is recommended to use barley varieties that are more adaptive to local conditions. Excessive moisture in agroecologically similar territories 4 and 6 limits the production of high and stable yields. In these territories, the minimum yields are obtained (14.3 and 15.6 c/ha) with a high level of variation (26.8 and 24.6%). It is not recommended to grow barley in these areas.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-180-185
Artem Lukomets
Targeted and regulated management of crop production development and its resource support on the basis of the organizational and economic mechanism contributes to the achievement of goals with optimal resource consumption. As the methodological base of the study, general scientific methods, works of domestic and foreign scientists on crop production and products of its processing were used. The article considers tools for improving resource support as elements of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the industry. Tools for improving the resource support of crop production are an integral part of the organizational and economic mechanism and should be aimed at creating conditions for the reproduction process in the industry and import substitution of certain types of resources. The proposed tools are organized by groups corresponding to subsystems of the crop industry: technological, economic, social, environmental, organizational. The developed forecast for the development of the crop industry and the proposed measures of the organizational and economic mechanism were assessed by calculating structural shifts. Structural shifts make it possible to estimate the efficiency of shifts in the actual and predicted structure. The calculation of the shift efficiency indicates that the structure of commodity production in the forecast year within the forecast confidence interval will not change significantly, which indicates that the structure of crop production is balanced. The projected growth of crop production within the confidence interval will affect the growth of the industry's profitability by only 0.99% to 57.15%. Profitability growth is projected due to an increase in the share of oilseeds and a reduction in the share of other crop products in the structure of marketable products.
{"title":"TOOLS FOR IMPROVING RESOURCES IN PLANT PRODUCTION","authors":"Artem Lukomets","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-180-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-180-185","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted and regulated management of crop production development and its resource support on the basis of the organizational and economic mechanism contributes to the achievement of goals with optimal resource consumption. As the methodological base of the study, general scientific methods, works of domestic and foreign scientists on crop production and products of its processing were used. The article considers tools for improving resource support as elements of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the industry. Tools for improving the resource support of crop production are an integral part of the organizational and economic mechanism and should be aimed at creating conditions for the reproduction process in the industry and import substitution of certain types of resources. The proposed tools are organized by groups corresponding to subsystems of the crop industry: technological, economic, social, environmental, organizational. The developed forecast for the development of the crop industry and the proposed measures of the organizational and economic mechanism were assessed by calculating structural shifts. Structural shifts make it possible to estimate the efficiency of shifts in the actual and predicted structure. The calculation of the shift efficiency indicates that the structure of commodity production in the forecast year within the forecast confidence interval will not change significantly, which indicates that the structure of crop production is balanced. The projected growth of crop production within the confidence interval will affect the growth of the industry's profitability by only 0.99% to 57.15%. Profitability growth is projected due to an increase in the share of oilseeds and a reduction in the share of other crop products in the structure of marketable products.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-111-116
Sergey Chuchkalov, Viktor Alekseev, Ivan Maksimov, Yuriy Kazakov, Kamil Khafizov
The main purpose of the work is to clarify the values of soil erosion resistance. In the existing methods for assessing the erosion resistance of soils, the kinetic and potential energy of the water flow is studied. It is believed that the decrease in total energy in the process of flowing along the channel is associated with the work of the water flow in destroying and washing away the soil. However, this does not take into account the energy of capillary waves existing on the water surface during laminar flow. The frequency of the capillary waves is usually such that the waves are not visible to the naked eye and are therefore not taken into account, although their energy is, in order of magnitude, comparable to the energy of the flow. Refinement of the value of erosion resistance is associated with the ability to evaluate and take into account the energy of capillary waves. The work is related to the development of a methodology for accounting and evaluating the contribution of the energy of capillary waves to the total energy of a water microflow, which has a destructive and eroding effect on the soil of a sloping agricultural landscape. The paper developed a mathematical model for estimating the energy of capillary waves, on the basis of which an expression was obtained to determine the ratio of the energy of capillary waves formed on the surface of a water flow to the kinetic energy of the water flow. To experimentally study the process of development of capillary waves on smooth and rough surfaces and determine the operating parameters, an installation was created in the form of a rectangular-section tray with an adjustable inclination angle, adjustable intensity of water supply and replaceable working surfaces. The geometry of the microflow and the shape of its surface were determined from the results of video filming and the readings of the laser rangefinder. In the range of regime parameters studied in this work, the numerical estimation of the dependence of the energy of capillary waves on the kinetic energy of the water flow for the first time revealed a significant (up to 40–60%) contribution of capillary waves formed on the surface of microflows to the total energy of the water flow. The results obtained in this work indicate the need to take into account the contribution of capillary waves in the energy analysis of the initial stage of water erosion on slopes.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING SOIL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES ON SLOPE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES","authors":"Sergey Chuchkalov, Viktor Alekseev, Ivan Maksimov, Yuriy Kazakov, Kamil Khafizov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-111-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-111-116","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the work is to clarify the values of soil erosion resistance. In the existing methods for assessing the erosion resistance of soils, the kinetic and potential energy of the water flow is studied. It is believed that the decrease in total energy in the process of flowing along the channel is associated with the work of the water flow in destroying and washing away the soil. However, this does not take into account the energy of capillary waves existing on the water surface during laminar flow. The frequency of the capillary waves is usually such that the waves are not visible to the naked eye and are therefore not taken into account, although their energy is, in order of magnitude, comparable to the energy of the flow. Refinement of the value of erosion resistance is associated with the ability to evaluate and take into account the energy of capillary waves. The work is related to the development of a methodology for accounting and evaluating the contribution of the energy of capillary waves to the total energy of a water microflow, which has a destructive and eroding effect on the soil of a sloping agricultural landscape. The paper developed a mathematical model for estimating the energy of capillary waves, on the basis of which an expression was obtained to determine the ratio of the energy of capillary waves formed on the surface of a water flow to the kinetic energy of the water flow. To experimentally study the process of development of capillary waves on smooth and rough surfaces and determine the operating parameters, an installation was created in the form of a rectangular-section tray with an adjustable inclination angle, adjustable intensity of water supply and replaceable working surfaces. The geometry of the microflow and the shape of its surface were determined from the results of video filming and the readings of the laser rangefinder. In the range of regime parameters studied in this work, the numerical estimation of the dependence of the energy of capillary waves on the kinetic energy of the water flow for the first time revealed a significant (up to 40–60%) contribution of capillary waves formed on the surface of microflows to the total energy of the water flow. The results obtained in this work indicate the need to take into account the contribution of capillary waves in the energy analysis of the initial stage of water erosion on slopes.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-76-83
Yuliya Daus
One of the tasks of a multifactorial assessment of the solar energy resource in the territory under consideration is to assess the impact of limiting the utilized resource by the building conditions of the location of the environment. When searching for suitable enclosing structures for installing photovoltaic modules, the geometry and spatial orientation of buildings, their relative placement, and shading effects are taken into account. The purpose of the study is to develop a criterion for identifying prohibited and permitted areas of the territory of an agricultural complex for the installation of photovoltaic modules. By eliminating areas with uneven lighting conditions, the photovoltaic installation can operate at maximum efficiency. Prohibited areas for the installation of photovoltaic system modules can be considered those that are shaded during a typical summer day, as well as during the peak intensity of solar radiation on all characteristic days of the year. Permitted areas for the installation of photovoltaic system modules can be considered those that are illuminated during every day of the year. The remaining areas must either be excluded from the installation plan for photovoltaic system modules, or various methods must be used to reduce the impact of module shading on their efficiency (installation of bypass diodes, the use of various module connection schemes, etc.). Using the example of the territory of an existing agricultural processing enterprise, the possibility of installing modules on the roofs of industrial buildings was analyzed, taking into account changes in the illumination of the receiving surface of the building roof slopes for peak intensity during characteristic days of the year. With an area of the enterprise territory of 55,748 m², of which 13.8% - 7,737 m² - is allocated for development, 2,377.5 m², or 30.7% of the roofs of buildings, can be used for the installation of photovoltaic modules, taking into account the insolation conditions of the territory.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL RESOURCE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE AGRICULTURAL OBJECT","authors":"Yuliya Daus","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-76-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-76-83","url":null,"abstract":"One of the tasks of a multifactorial assessment of the solar energy resource in the territory under consideration is to assess the impact of limiting the utilized resource by the building conditions of the location of the environment. When searching for suitable enclosing structures for installing photovoltaic modules, the geometry and spatial orientation of buildings, their relative placement, and shading effects are taken into account. The purpose of the study is to develop a criterion for identifying prohibited and permitted areas of the territory of an agricultural complex for the installation of photovoltaic modules. By eliminating areas with uneven lighting conditions, the photovoltaic installation can operate at maximum efficiency. Prohibited areas for the installation of photovoltaic system modules can be considered those that are shaded during a typical summer day, as well as during the peak intensity of solar radiation on all characteristic days of the year. Permitted areas for the installation of photovoltaic system modules can be considered those that are illuminated during every day of the year. The remaining areas must either be excluded from the installation plan for photovoltaic system modules, or various methods must be used to reduce the impact of module shading on their efficiency (installation of bypass diodes, the use of various module connection schemes, etc.). Using the example of the territory of an existing agricultural processing enterprise, the possibility of installing modules on the roofs of industrial buildings was analyzed, taking into account changes in the illumination of the receiving surface of the building roof slopes for peak intensity during characteristic days of the year. With an area of the enterprise territory of 55,748 m², of which 13.8% - 7,737 m² - is allocated for development, 2,377.5 m², or 30.7% of the roofs of buildings, can be used for the installation of photovoltaic modules, taking into account the insolation conditions of the territory.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-20-25
Vasiliy Vasin, Vasiliy Vasin, Elena Fadeeva, Sergey Fadeev
The research was carried out in order to study the effect of fertilizers and micronutrients on crop formation and productivity of winter wheat varieties when grown on the planned yield in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2021-2022 in Samara region. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the following options: doses of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield (factor A) – 4.5 t/ha, 6.5 t/ha; varieties of winter wheat (factor B) – Scepter, Moskovskaya 40, Svarog; systems for processing crops with MEGAMIX preparations (factor C): - without processing (control), the MEGAMIX system. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary residual carbonate medium-humus medium-thick heavy loamy chernozem. The content of humus is 6.4%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is 15.3 mg, mobile phosphorus is 8.6 mg and exchangeable potassium is 23.9 mg/100 g of soil. The volume mass of the soil layer 0-1.1 m is 1.27 g/cm3, pHsol.5.8 (according to the testing laboratory of Federal State University Samara Reference Center of Rosselkhoznadzor). Systematic processing of winter wheat plants by development phases ensures their safety for harvesting at the level of 64.5...88.7%, contributes to an increase in the number of productive stems up to 450 ...569 pcs. per 1 m2. The yield of the varieties turned out to be high 4.92...5.73 t/ha against the background of 1 (planned yield 4.5 t/ha) and 6.41...7.47 t/ha (planned yield 6.5 t/ha). The program for the planned yield is carried out in all variants. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained on crops of Svarog variety – 5.98 t/ha (when applying fertilizers for a yield of 4.5 t/ha) and 7.72 t/ha (for a planned yield of 6.5 t/ha) with systematic treatment of crops with MEGAMIX preparations: MEGAMIX PROFI, MEGAMIX NITROGEN, MEGAMIX NITROGEN + MEGAMIX SULFUR.
{"title":"CROP FORMATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES WHEN GROWN FOR PLANNED YIELD","authors":"Vasiliy Vasin, Vasiliy Vasin, Elena Fadeeva, Sergey Fadeev","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-20-25","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out in order to study the effect of fertilizers and micronutrients on crop formation and productivity of winter wheat varieties when grown on the planned yield in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2021-2022 in Samara region. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the following options: doses of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield (factor A) – 4.5 t/ha, 6.5 t/ha; varieties of winter wheat (factor B) – Scepter, Moskovskaya 40, Svarog; systems for processing crops with MEGAMIX preparations (factor C): - without processing (control), the MEGAMIX system. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary residual carbonate medium-humus medium-thick heavy loamy chernozem. The content of humus is 6.4%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is 15.3 mg, mobile phosphorus is 8.6 mg and exchangeable potassium is 23.9 mg/100 g of soil. The volume mass of the soil layer 0-1.1 m is 1.27 g/cm3, pHsol.5.8 (according to the testing laboratory of Federal State University Samara Reference Center of Rosselkhoznadzor). Systematic processing of winter wheat plants by development phases ensures their safety for harvesting at the level of 64.5...88.7%, contributes to an increase in the number of productive stems up to 450 ...569 pcs. per 1 m2. The yield of the varieties turned out to be high 4.92...5.73 t/ha against the background of 1 (planned yield 4.5 t/ha) and 6.41...7.47 t/ha (planned yield 6.5 t/ha). The program for the planned yield is carried out in all variants. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained on crops of Svarog variety – 5.98 t/ha (when applying fertilizers for a yield of 4.5 t/ha) and 7.72 t/ha (for a planned yield of 6.5 t/ha) with systematic treatment of crops with MEGAMIX preparations: MEGAMIX PROFI, MEGAMIX NITROGEN, MEGAMIX NITROGEN + MEGAMIX SULFUR.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135791346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-193-201
Tatyana Topoleva
The strategic choice of the innovative vector of Russia’s development predetermines the strengthening of the role of regionally oriented production systems (ROPS) in the context of their consistent integration into the trends of neo-industrial technological concepts “Industry 4.0” and “APK 4.0”, digitalization of the economy, the introduction of innovative solutions of the sixth technological order, the integration of science and production. Currently, only 12% of Russian regions (the leading group) are fully included in the innovation agenda. It is rather difficult to strategize innovative changes within a large country, since the regions are largely differentiated in the context of social and economic development, innovative activity, and the state of scientific and technological potential. The ability of each region to designate its own “window of opportunity” in priority activities, taking into account the imperatives of neo-industrial development, is especially in demand, as it will make innovation processes more manageable. This is especially important in the context of the tightening of sanctions restrictions and the actualization of the request to achieve sustainable technological sovereignty of Russia. The goal of decomposition of the factors of innovative development of ROPS implemented in the study is, in fact, a key preparatory stage for an integrated approach to the subsequent development of regional innovation strategies. The three-level hierarchization of factors and their substantiation by subject areas in the methodological aspect is universal both for local ROPS and for regional control systems. A detailed study of the indicated factors is the starting point for positioning the innovative profile of the ROPS and directly affects the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative scenarios in industries and the agro-industrial complex. The formation of a comprehensive understanding of the innovation situation in the regions contributes to focusing efforts on stimulating the innovation activity of the ROPS, taking into account regional specifics, which fully corresponds to the goal-setting of the Concept of Technological Development of Russia until 2030, which is scheduled to be approved this year. In the next three years, the state will allocate about 4 billion rubles to subsidize innovative technological entrepreneurship. 11 federal development institutions and 46 regional corporations of regional and interregional profile are involved in active support of the innovative development of the ROPS.
{"title":"DECOMPOSITION OF FACTORS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL-ORIENTED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS","authors":"Tatyana Topoleva","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-193-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-193-201","url":null,"abstract":"The strategic choice of the innovative vector of Russia’s development predetermines the strengthening of the role of regionally oriented production systems (ROPS) in the context of their consistent integration into the trends of neo-industrial technological concepts “Industry 4.0” and “APK 4.0”, digitalization of the economy, the introduction of innovative solutions of the sixth technological order, the integration of science and production. Currently, only 12% of Russian regions (the leading group) are fully included in the innovation agenda. It is rather difficult to strategize innovative changes within a large country, since the regions are largely differentiated in the context of social and economic development, innovative activity, and the state of scientific and technological potential. The ability of each region to designate its own “window of opportunity” in priority activities, taking into account the imperatives of neo-industrial development, is especially in demand, as it will make innovation processes more manageable. This is especially important in the context of the tightening of sanctions restrictions and the actualization of the request to achieve sustainable technological sovereignty of Russia. The goal of decomposition of the factors of innovative development of ROPS implemented in the study is, in fact, a key preparatory stage for an integrated approach to the subsequent development of regional innovation strategies. The three-level hierarchization of factors and their substantiation by subject areas in the methodological aspect is universal both for local ROPS and for regional control systems. A detailed study of the indicated factors is the starting point for positioning the innovative profile of the ROPS and directly affects the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative scenarios in industries and the agro-industrial complex. The formation of a comprehensive understanding of the innovation situation in the regions contributes to focusing efforts on stimulating the innovation activity of the ROPS, taking into account regional specifics, which fully corresponds to the goal-setting of the Concept of Technological Development of Russia until 2030, which is scheduled to be approved this year. In the next three years, the state will allocate about 4 billion rubles to subsidize innovative technological entrepreneurship. 11 federal development institutions and 46 regional corporations of regional and interregional profile are involved in active support of the innovative development of the ROPS.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-133-142
Ilgizar Gaynutdinov, Farit Mukhametgaliev, Nail Asadullin, Marsel Khismatullin, Fayaz Avhadiev
In the qualitative improvement and replenishment of the main dairy herd with a productivity of 7000 to 9000 kg of milk by purebred animals, the role of certified breeding farms producing breeding material is great. Data on providing the dairy cattle breeding industry with breeding material (bull semen, breeding stock) show that the cattle breeding industry is largely dependent on import supplies. Thus, the share of imported breeding stock in the domestic market for 2021 in the Russian Federation amounted to 36.3%. An analysis of breeding business development on the example of the Republic showed that 47 certified breeding farms operate on the territory of the Republic. In total, these farms keep a little more than 183 thousand heads of cattle, of which more than 150 thousand heads, or 82%, are identified as breeding. In 2021, the breeding farms of the Republic sold livestock products (milk, offspring) in the amount of 11,693 million rubles. Not all breeding farms perform their main function - the cultivation and sale of breeding stock. So, in 2021, out of 47 breeding farms, 25 did not sell breeding stock, which means that they grow breeding stock only to meet their own needs, and not for sale. The remaining 22 breeding farms had about 2% of the proceeds from the sale of breeding young animals, while, in advanced farms, it reaches 28% of the total cash proceeds of cattle breeding, which shows a low level of raising commercial breeding young animals in the breeding farms of the republic. Of the 43 municipal districts of the republic, in 26 as of 2022, there were no breeding farms, which indicates a low provision of municipal districts of the republic with breeding farms. In these municipal areas, the average productivity of the dairy herd for 2017-2021. amounted to 4857 kg of milk, with an average productivity of cows in the republic of 5521 kg. The exception is the Aktanyshsky municipal district, where the average productivity was 6395 kg. About 60% of breeding farms operate on the territory of 5 municipal districts of the republic, in which the average productivity of cows over 5 years ranged from 7503 kg to over 8618 kg of milk per year. In productivity groups: 7504-8617 and more than 8618 kg per one municipal district there are from 5 to 6 breeding farms in general, i.e. the coefficient of provision with breeding farms, calculated as the ratio of the number of breeding farms to the number of municipal districts in the group, is 5.0-6.5. Regression analysis of the dependence of the productivity of cows on the provision of breeding and farms in municipal areas shows a significant dependence of the productivity of cows in productivity groups, ranging from 4162-5275 kg to the productivity group over 8618 kg, on the provision of their breeding farms. The regression equation constructed for groups of municipal districts with cow productivity over 4162 kg indicates that an increase in the provision of breeding farms in the municipal district leads to
{"title":"ORGANIZATION OF BREEDING BUSINESS AND INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN","authors":"Ilgizar Gaynutdinov, Farit Mukhametgaliev, Nail Asadullin, Marsel Khismatullin, Fayaz Avhadiev","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-133-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-133-142","url":null,"abstract":"In the qualitative improvement and replenishment of the main dairy herd with a productivity of 7000 to 9000 kg of milk by purebred animals, the role of certified breeding farms producing breeding material is great. Data on providing the dairy cattle breeding industry with breeding material (bull semen, breeding stock) show that the cattle breeding industry is largely dependent on import supplies. Thus, the share of imported breeding stock in the domestic market for 2021 in the Russian Federation amounted to 36.3%. An analysis of breeding business development on the example of the Republic showed that 47 certified breeding farms operate on the territory of the Republic. In total, these farms keep a little more than 183 thousand heads of cattle, of which more than 150 thousand heads, or 82%, are identified as breeding. In 2021, the breeding farms of the Republic sold livestock products (milk, offspring) in the amount of 11,693 million rubles. Not all breeding farms perform their main function - the cultivation and sale of breeding stock. So, in 2021, out of 47 breeding farms, 25 did not sell breeding stock, which means that they grow breeding stock only to meet their own needs, and not for sale. The remaining 22 breeding farms had about 2% of the proceeds from the sale of breeding young animals, while, in advanced farms, it reaches 28% of the total cash proceeds of cattle breeding, which shows a low level of raising commercial breeding young animals in the breeding farms of the republic. Of the 43 municipal districts of the republic, in 26 as of 2022, there were no breeding farms, which indicates a low provision of municipal districts of the republic with breeding farms. In these municipal areas, the average productivity of the dairy herd for 2017-2021. amounted to 4857 kg of milk, with an average productivity of cows in the republic of 5521 kg. The exception is the Aktanyshsky municipal district, where the average productivity was 6395 kg. About 60% of breeding farms operate on the territory of 5 municipal districts of the republic, in which the average productivity of cows over 5 years ranged from 7503 kg to over 8618 kg of milk per year. In productivity groups: 7504-8617 and more than 8618 kg per one municipal district there are from 5 to 6 breeding farms in general, i.e. the coefficient of provision with breeding farms, calculated as the ratio of the number of breeding farms to the number of municipal districts in the group, is 5.0-6.5. Regression analysis of the dependence of the productivity of cows on the provision of breeding and farms in municipal areas shows a significant dependence of the productivity of cows in productivity groups, ranging from 4162-5275 kg to the productivity group over 8618 kg, on the provision of their breeding farms. The regression equation constructed for groups of municipal districts with cow productivity over 4162 kg indicates that an increase in the provision of breeding farms in the municipal district leads to ","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：