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REGULATION OF BASIC AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS OF GRAPES GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BY SHOOT LOAD 茎部负荷对葡萄生长发育基本农业指标的调控
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-51-56
Nadezhda Sirotkina
The studies were carried out to determine the dependence of the safety of eyes, fruiting, yield, quality of grapes, and growth vigor of plants of Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety on the load of shoots. The work was carried out in production vineyards in Rostov region in 2020-2022. The feeding area of one plant was 4.5 m2 (planting pattern 3.0×1.5 m), the shape of the bushes was long-armed, the vines were covered. We tested four norms of shoot loading - 20, 25, 30 and 35 pieces per bush. The experiment was carried out in triplicate, 10 bushes each. On average, over the years of study, with an increase in the load of shoots, the proportion of living eyes after wintering along the entire length of the fruit vine decreased from 83% in the variant with 20 shoots to 64% with a load of 35 pieces per bush. The highest proportion of fruit-bearing shoots was noted in the variant with 25 shoots in the bush structure - 80%; the value of this indicator was lower than other variants in plants with a load of 35 pieces per bush - 63%. With an increase in load from minimum to maximum in the experiment, the yield increased significantly from 6.22 to 8.44 t/ha. The mass concentration of sugars in berry juice increased with increasing load of shoots from 22.6 to 25.5 g/100 cm3. The average volume of shoots decreased from 120.1 cm3 in plants with a load of 20 shoots to 62.2 cm3 with 35 shoots in the bush structure.
研究了Krasnostop Zolotovsky品种的眼睛安全、果实安全、产量安全、品质安全、植株生长活力等与芽部负荷的关系。这项工作于2020-2022年在罗斯托夫地区的生产葡萄园进行。1株取食面积4.5 m2(种植模式3.0×1.5 m),灌木呈长臂状,藤蔓被覆盖。我们测试了四种标准的射击载荷-每丛20、25、30和35片。试验分三次进行,每组10丛。平均而言,在多年的研究中,随着芽负荷的增加,整个果实藤长度的活眼比例从20个芽的变种的83%下降到每丛35个芽负荷的64%。结果芽比例最高的品种有25个芽,达80%;在负荷为35株/株的植株上,该指标比其他变异值低63%。随着试验负荷由最小增加到最大,产量由6.22 t/ha显著增加到8.44 t/ha。果实汁中糖的质量浓度随芽量的增加而增加,从22.6 g/100 cm3增加到25.5 g/100 cm3。在灌木结构中,枝条的平均体积从负荷20根枝条的120.1 cm3下降到负荷35根枝条的62.2 cm3。
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY PARAMETERS OF PROMISING POTATO HYBRIDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC 科米共和国条件下有前途的马铃薯杂交种的生产力和适应性参数评价
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-57-61
Aleksey Tulinov
The research was carried out in order to identify and select high-yielding, resistant to a complex of fungal and bacterial phytopathogens, promising potato hybrids adapted to abiotic stresses and conditions of the Far North. The work was carried out in the conditions of the Republic of Komi in 2018–2020 on five hybrids: 1992-14 (Udacha×Elmundo), 2000-60 (Kolette×FZ 1867), 2118-57 (2688-8×Gala), 2139-5 (Kurazh×Avrora), 2142-1 (Dina×Kholmogorskiy). The released varieties of two ripeness groups Udacha - early ripening, Nevskiy - medium early served as standards. The soil of the experimental plots is soddy-podzolic, medium loamy in terms of granulometric composition, with an average content of humus. The studies were carried out in breeding nurseries of the competitive test of the 1st-3rd years (hybrids of the sixth, seventh and eighth tuber generations), planting scheme 70×30 cm. The calculation and analysis of the parameters of ecological plasticity and adaptability made it possible to identify three hybrids that received first places most of the indicators under consideration (average yield, genetic flexibility, breeding value, indicator of the level of stability of the variety itself and in comparison with the standards, stress resistance, etc.). Hybrids 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5 according to the results of ranking received 35...39 points, outstripping the standard varieties by 24...33 points. The selected hybrids have a fairly good resistance to phytopathogens on tops and tubers: to common scab and late blight - 7...9 points, to rhizoctoniosis - 9 points. For further breeding work in the conditions of Komi Republic, according to the sum of ranks and the assessment of field resistance to phytopathogens, hybrids 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5 were selected with an average yield of 23.6 ... 31.2 t/ha.
这项研究是为了鉴定和选择高产、抗真菌和细菌植物病原体的复合品种,这些品种有希望适应远北地区的非生物胁迫和条件。该工作于2018-2020年在科米共和国的条件下对五种混合动力车进行了研究:1992-14 (Udacha×Elmundo), 2000-60 (Kolette×FZ 1867), 2118-57 (2688-8×Gala), 2139-5 (Kurazh×Avrora), 2142-1 (Dina×Kholmogorskiy)。发布的两个成熟度组的品种Udacha -早熟,Nevskiy -中早熟作为标准。试验田土壤为灰化土,颗粒成分为中壤土,腐殖质含量平均。在种植方案70×30 cm的1 ~ 3年(块茎第6、7、8代杂交种)选育苗圃进行竞争试验。通过对生态可塑性和适应性参数的计算和分析,确定了3个杂交种,在考虑的大部分指标(平均产量、遗传柔韧性、育种价值、品种本身稳定性水平指标、与标准比较、抗逆性等)中排名第一。根据排名结果,1992-14、2000-60和2139-5混合动力车获得35…39分,比标准品种高出24分……33分。所选杂交种对植株顶端和块茎上的病原菌具有较好的抗性:对普通赤霉病和晚疫病有较好的抗性。9分,根腐心病- 9分。为了进一步在科米共和国条件下进行育种工作,根据等级总和和田间抗病性评价,选择了1992-14、2000-60和2139-5杂交种,平均产量为23.6。31.2吨/公顷。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR INTERNAL CONTROL OF PAYMENTS WITH PERSONNEL FOR WAGES 开发内部控制员工工资支付的方法工具
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-170-179
Guzaliya Klychova, Alsu Zakirova, Amina Husainova, Augul Klychova, Regina Nurieva
The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the methodological support of control procedures carried out in the process of internal control of compliance with labor legislation and accounting for settlements with personnel for wages. The internal control program developed to improve control planning serves as instructions and a means of monitoring the timely and effective implementation of control procedures. The program focuses on important areas of inspection, which contributes to the optimal organization of control activities. The internal control working document “Test for assessing the accounting system of settlements with personnel for wages”, proposed for assessing the accounting system of settlements with personnel for wages, can be used by controllers to determine areas of verification that require additional control procedures. When monitoring compliance with labor legislation, it is necessary to check the documentation of the movement of enterprise personnel. The working document “Checking the documentation of the movement of enterprise personnel” recommended for documenting the results of documentary control should be used to systematize the violations identified during the formal inspection. This allows them to be promptly eliminated and general recommendations to be formulated to prevent these violations in the future. The working document “Checking wage accruals and deductions from it” systematically reflects the operations for which violations and deviations were identified, the essence of the identified violations and recommendations for their elimination. This document allows you to identify areas in the accounting of settlements with personnel for wages, in terms of wage calculations and deductions from it, which require systematic control by the accounting service. The proposed working documents of internal control make it possible to systematize the results of control procedures and provide information to the management of an economic entity for making management decisions.
这项研究之所以有意义,是因为需要改进在遵守劳工立法的内部控制过程中执行的控制程序的方法支助,并核算与人员的工资结算。为改进控制计划而制定的内部控制程序可作为指导和监测控制程序及时有效实施的手段。该方案侧重于检查的重要领域,这有助于控制活动的最佳组织。内部控制工作文件“评估与人员结算工资会计制度的测试”建议用于评估与人员结算工资会计制度,控制人员可以使用该工作文件来确定需要额外控制程序的核查领域。在监督遵守劳动法规时,有必要检查企业人员流动的文件。将正式检查中发现的违规行为系统化,采用文件控制结果推荐的工作文件《检查企业人员流动文件》。这使它们能够迅速消除,并拟订一般性建议,以防止今后再发生这些侵犯行为。“检查工资的应计和扣除”的工作文件系统地反映了查明的违反和偏差的作业、查明的违反的实质和消除这些违反的建议。该文档允许您确定与人员结算工资的会计领域,包括工资计算和扣除,这些需要会计服务系统控制。建议的内部控制工作文件可以使控制程序的结果系统化,并为经济实体的管理层提供信息,以作出管理决策。
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引用次数: 0
TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF KIROV REGION FOR BARLEY CROPS PLACEMENT 基洛夫地区大麦种植的地域分异
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-46-50
Farzutdin Mukhamadiarov
The study was carried out in order to identify agroecologically similar territories for guaranteed production of high-quality barley grain in the region. The object of the study was the municipal districts of Kirov region. Study period is 2011-2021 The study was carried out by analyzing the time series of crop yields with the allocation of the ecological component of its variability. To unite objects into classes, the method of pair-group association was used. As a result, 7 agroecologically similar territories were allocated to accommodate crops. The most favorable for the placement of barley crops is agroecologically similar territories 2, which is located in the central agro-climatic zone. Here, the maximum yield of barley (23.5 c/ha) is obtained with a minimum level of variation (16.5%). The cumulative influence of soil and climatic conditions provides a guaranteed crop yield in this area. The soil cover of agroecologically similar territories 1 and 3 is mainly represented by soddy-podzolic and podzolic soils with a high degree of cultivation. Moderate moisture and heat supply in these areas favor the cultivation of barley with a moderate level of variability (17.7-18.8%). In these agroecologically similar territories, the productivity of barley to a greater extent depends on the level of agricultural technology. The combined effect of soil and climatic conditions ensures moderate yields in agroecologically similar territories 5 and 7 with a high level of variation (22.0-24.1%). Therefore, in these territories, in order to obtain a guaranteed yield, it is recommended to use barley varieties that are more adaptive to local conditions. Excessive moisture in agroecologically similar territories 4 and 6 limits the production of high and stable yields. In these territories, the minimum yields are obtained (14.3 and 15.6 c/ha) with a high level of variation (26.8 and 24.6%). It is not recommended to grow barley in these areas.
进行这项研究是为了确定该地区农业生态相似的土地,以保证生产高质量的大麦谷物。研究的对象是基洛夫地区的市辖区。研究时间为2011-2021年,通过分析作物产量的时间序列及其变异的生态成分分配进行研究。为了将对象统一为类,采用了对-组关联的方法。结果,分配了7块农业生态相似的土地来种植作物。最适合种植大麦作物的是农业生态相似的地区2,这些地区位于中央农业气候带。在这里,大麦的最高产量(23.5 c/ha)在最小的变异水平(16.5%)下获得。土壤和气候条件的累积影响保证了该地区的作物产量。农业生态相似区1和3的土壤覆盖主要以高度垦殖的灰化土和灰化土为代表。这些地区适宜的水分和热量供应有利于大麦的种植,其变异程度适中(17.7-18.8%)。在这些农业生态相似的地区,大麦的产量在很大程度上取决于农业技术水平。土壤和气候条件的综合影响确保了农业生态相似地区5和7的中等产量,但差异很大(22.0-24.1%)。因此,在这些地区,为了获得保证产量,建议使用更适应当地条件的大麦品种。农业生态相似地区4和6的过度水分限制了高产和稳定产量的生产。在这些地区,获得的最低产量(14.3和15.6 c/公顷)变化很大(26.8和24.6%)。不建议在这些地区种植大麦。
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引用次数: 0
TOOLS FOR IMPROVING RESOURCES IN PLANT PRODUCTION 改善植物生产资源的工具
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-180-185
Artem Lukomets
Targeted and regulated management of crop production development and its resource support on the basis of the organizational and economic mechanism contributes to the achievement of goals with optimal resource consumption. As the methodological base of the study, general scientific methods, works of domestic and foreign scientists on crop production and products of its processing were used. The article considers tools for improving resource support as elements of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the industry. Tools for improving the resource support of crop production are an integral part of the organizational and economic mechanism and should be aimed at creating conditions for the reproduction process in the industry and import substitution of certain types of resources. The proposed tools are organized by groups corresponding to subsystems of the crop industry: technological, economic, social, environmental, organizational. The developed forecast for the development of the crop industry and the proposed measures of the organizational and economic mechanism were assessed by calculating structural shifts. Structural shifts make it possible to estimate the efficiency of shifts in the actual and predicted structure. The calculation of the shift efficiency indicates that the structure of commodity production in the forecast year within the forecast confidence interval will not change significantly, which indicates that the structure of crop production is balanced. The projected growth of crop production within the confidence interval will affect the growth of the industry's profitability by only 0.99% to 57.15%. Profitability growth is projected due to an increase in the share of oilseeds and a reduction in the share of other crop products in the structure of marketable products.
以组织经济机制为基础,对作物生产发展及其资源支持进行有针对性的、规范的管理,有助于实现资源消耗最优的目标。作为研究的方法论基础,本文采用了一般科学方法和国内外科学家关于作物生产及其加工产品的著作。本文将改善资源支持的工具视为行业发展的组织和经济机制的要素。改善对作物生产的资源支持的工具是组织和经济机制的一个组成部分,其目的应是为工业中的再生产过程和某些类型资源的进口替代创造条件。所提出的工具是按照作物产业的子系统进行组织的:技术、经济、社会、环境、组织。通过计算结构转移,对我国种植业发展的预测和组织经济机制的建议措施进行了评价。结构位移使得估计实际结构和预测结构中位移的效率成为可能。转移效率的计算表明,在预测置信区间内的预测年商品生产结构不会发生显著变化,表明作物生产结构是均衡的。在置信区间内作物产量的预测增长对行业盈利能力增长的影响仅为0.99% ~ 57.15%。由于油籽所占份额的增加和其他作物产品在可销售产品结构中所占份额的减少,预计盈利能力将有所增长。
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引用次数: 0
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING SOIL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES ON SLOPE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES 坡地农业景观土壤保护技术设计方法的改进
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-111-116
Sergey Chuchkalov, Viktor Alekseev, Ivan Maksimov, Yuriy Kazakov, Kamil Khafizov
The main purpose of the work is to clarify the values of soil erosion resistance. In the existing methods for assessing the erosion resistance of soils, the kinetic and potential energy of the water flow is studied. It is believed that the decrease in total energy in the process of flowing along the channel is associated with the work of the water flow in destroying and washing away the soil. However, this does not take into account the energy of capillary waves existing on the water surface during laminar flow. The frequency of the capillary waves is usually such that the waves are not visible to the naked eye and are therefore not taken into account, although their energy is, in order of magnitude, comparable to the energy of the flow. Refinement of the value of erosion resistance is associated with the ability to evaluate and take into account the energy of capillary waves. The work is related to the development of a methodology for accounting and evaluating the contribution of the energy of capillary waves to the total energy of a water microflow, which has a destructive and eroding effect on the soil of a sloping agricultural landscape. The paper developed a mathematical model for estimating the energy of capillary waves, on the basis of which an expression was obtained to determine the ratio of the energy of capillary waves formed on the surface of a water flow to the kinetic energy of the water flow. To experimentally study the process of development of capillary waves on smooth and rough surfaces and determine the operating parameters, an installation was created in the form of a rectangular-section tray with an adjustable inclination angle, adjustable intensity of water supply and replaceable working surfaces. The geometry of the microflow and the shape of its surface were determined from the results of video filming and the readings of the laser rangefinder. In the range of regime parameters studied in this work, the numerical estimation of the dependence of the energy of capillary waves on the kinetic energy of the water flow for the first time revealed a significant (up to 40–60%) contribution of capillary waves formed on the surface of microflows to the total energy of the water flow. The results obtained in this work indicate the need to take into account the contribution of capillary waves in the energy analysis of the initial stage of water erosion on slopes.
本工作的主要目的是明确土壤抗侵蚀性的数值。在现有的评估土壤抗侵蚀能力的方法中,研究的是水流的动能和势能。人们认为,沿河道流动过程中总能量的减少与水流对土壤的破坏和冲刷作用有关。然而,这并没有考虑层流过程中存在于水面上的毛细波的能量。毛细管波的频率通常是这样的,以至于肉眼看不到这些波,因此没有考虑到,尽管它们的能量在数量级上与流动的能量相当。耐蚀性值的细化与评估和考虑毛细波能量的能力有关。这项工作与一种方法的发展有关,该方法用于计算和评估毛细波的能量对水微流总能量的贡献,这对倾斜农业景观的土壤具有破坏性和侵蚀作用。本文建立了估算毛细波能量的数学模型,在此基础上得到了确定水流表面形成的毛细波能量与水流动能之比的表达式。为了实验研究毛细波在光滑和粗糙表面上的发展过程并确定操作参数,设计了一个倾角可调、供水强度可调、工作表面可更换的矩形截面托盘装置。根据视频拍摄的结果和激光测距仪的读数确定了微流的几何形状和表面形状。在本文研究的状态参数范围内,首次对毛细管波能量对水流动能的依赖性进行了数值估计,揭示了在微流表面形成的毛细管波对水流总能量的显著贡献(高达40-60%)。研究结果表明,在坡面水侵蚀初始阶段的能量分析中,有必要考虑毛细波的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL RESOURCE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE AGRICULTURAL OBJECT 农业对象境内太阳能地理资源分析
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-76-83
Yuliya Daus
One of the tasks of a multifactorial assessment of the solar energy resource in the territory under consideration is to assess the impact of limiting the utilized resource by the building conditions of the location of the environment. When searching for suitable enclosing structures for installing photovoltaic modules, the geometry and spatial orientation of buildings, their relative placement, and shading effects are taken into account. The purpose of the study is to develop a criterion for identifying prohibited and permitted areas of the territory of an agricultural complex for the installation of photovoltaic modules. By eliminating areas with uneven lighting conditions, the photovoltaic installation can operate at maximum efficiency. Prohibited areas for the installation of photovoltaic system modules can be considered those that are shaded during a typical summer day, as well as during the peak intensity of solar radiation on all characteristic days of the year. Permitted areas for the installation of photovoltaic system modules can be considered those that are illuminated during every day of the year. The remaining areas must either be excluded from the installation plan for photovoltaic system modules, or various methods must be used to reduce the impact of module shading on their efficiency (installation of bypass diodes, the use of various module connection schemes, etc.). Using the example of the territory of an existing agricultural processing enterprise, the possibility of installing modules on the roofs of industrial buildings was analyzed, taking into account changes in the illumination of the receiving surface of the building roof slopes for peak intensity during characteristic days of the year. With an area of the enterprise territory of 55,748 m², of which 13.8% - 7,737 m² - is allocated for development, 2,377.5 m², or 30.7% of the roofs of buildings, can be used for the installation of photovoltaic modules, taking into account the insolation conditions of the territory.
对所审议领土内的太阳能资源进行多因素评估的任务之一是评估受环境位置的建筑条件限制资源利用的影响。在寻找适合安装光伏组件的围护结构时,要考虑建筑物的几何形状、空间朝向、相对位置和遮阳效果。这项研究的目的是制订一项标准,以确定农业综合体领土内禁止和允许安装光伏组件的地区。通过消除光照条件不均匀的区域,光伏装置可以以最高效率运行。禁止安装光伏系统组件的区域可以考虑在典型的夏季白天被遮蔽的区域,以及在一年中所有特征日的太阳辐射强度峰值期间。允许安装光伏系统模块的区域可以被认为是全年每天都有照明的区域。其余区域要么必须排除在光伏系统组件的安装计划之外,要么必须使用各种方法来减少组件遮阳对其效率的影响(安装旁路二极管,使用各种组件连接方案等)。以一个现有的农业加工企业为例,分析了在工业建筑屋顶上安装模块的可能性,同时考虑到在一年中的特征日,建筑屋顶斜坡的接收面在峰值强度下的照明变化。企业用地面积为55,748平方米,其中开发用地面积为13.8%,即7,737平方米。考虑到企业用地的日照条件,2377.5平方米,占建筑物屋顶面积的30.7%,可用于安装光伏组件。
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引用次数: 0
CROP FORMATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES WHEN GROWN FOR PLANNED YIELD 按计划产量种植冬小麦品种时的作物形成和产量
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-20-25
Vasiliy Vasin, Vasiliy Vasin, Elena Fadeeva, Sergey Fadeev
The research was carried out in order to study the effect of fertilizers and micronutrients on crop formation and productivity of winter wheat varieties when grown on the planned yield in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2021-2022 in Samara region. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the following options: doses of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield (factor A) – 4.5 t/ha, 6.5 t/ha; varieties of winter wheat (factor B) – Scepter, Moskovskaya 40, Svarog; systems for processing crops with MEGAMIX preparations (factor C): - without processing (control), the MEGAMIX system. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary residual carbonate medium-humus medium-thick heavy loamy chernozem. The content of humus is 6.4%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is 15.3 mg, mobile phosphorus is 8.6 mg and exchangeable potassium is 23.9 mg/100 g of soil. The volume mass of the soil layer 0-1.1 m is 1.27 g/cm3, pHsol.5.8 (according to the testing laboratory of Federal State University Samara Reference Center of Rosselkhoznadzor). Systematic processing of winter wheat plants by development phases ensures their safety for harvesting at the level of 64.5...88.7%, contributes to an increase in the number of productive stems up to 450 ...569 pcs. per 1 m2. The yield of the varieties turned out to be high 4.92...5.73 t/ha against the background of 1 (planned yield 4.5 t/ha) and 6.41...7.47 t/ha (planned yield 6.5 t/ha). The program for the planned yield is carried out in all variants. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained on crops of Svarog variety – 5.98 t/ha (when applying fertilizers for a yield of 4.5 t/ha) and 7.72 t/ha (for a planned yield of 6.5 t/ha) with systematic treatment of crops with MEGAMIX preparations: MEGAMIX PROFI, MEGAMIX NITROGEN, MEGAMIX NITROGEN + MEGAMIX SULFUR.
为了研究在中伏尔加河地区森林草原按计划产量种植冬小麦时,化肥和微量元素对冬小麦品种形成和产量的影响。这项工作于2021-2022年在萨马拉地区进行。试验方案提供了下列选项的研究:计划产量的矿物肥料剂量(因子A) - 4.5吨/公顷,6.5吨/公顷;冬小麦品种(因子B) -斯瓦罗格莫斯科斯卡亚40号的Scepter;用MEGAMIX制剂(因子C)加工作物的系统:-不加工(控制),即MEGAMIX系统。试验场地土壤为普通残碳酸盐中腐质中厚重壤土黑钙土。腐殖质含量6.4%,易水解氮15.3 mg/100 g,流动磷8.6 mg/100 g,交换钾23.9 mg/100 g。0-1.1 m土层的体积质量为1.27 g/cm3, pHsol.5.8(根据Rosselkhoznadzor联邦州立大学萨马拉参考中心测试实验室)。按发育阶段对冬小麦植株进行系统处理,可确保其安全收获,安全收获率为64.5 ~ 88.7%,有效茎的数量增加至450个。569台电脑。每1平方米。在1(计划产量4.5 t/ha)和6.41…7.47 t/ha(计划产量6.5 t/ha)的背景下,品种的产量较高,分别为4.92…5.73 t/ha和6.41…7.47 t/ha。计划产量的程序在所有变体中执行。在试验中,Svarog品种作物的最大产量为5.98 t/公顷(当施用产量为4.5 t/公顷的肥料时)和7.72 t/公顷(计划产量为6.5 t/公顷),系统地使用MEGAMIX制剂:MEGAMIX PROFI, MEGAMIX氮肥,MEGAMIX氮肥+ MEGAMIX硫。
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引用次数: 0
DECOMPOSITION OF FACTORS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL-ORIENTED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 区域导向生产系统创新发展的要素分解
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-193-201
Tatyana Topoleva
The strategic choice of the innovative vector of Russia’s development predetermines the strengthening of the role of regionally oriented production systems (ROPS) in the context of their consistent integration into the trends of neo-industrial technological concepts “Industry 4.0” and “APK 4.0”, digitalization of the economy, the introduction of innovative solutions of the sixth technological order, the integration of science and production. Currently, only 12% of Russian regions (the leading group) are fully included in the innovation agenda. It is rather difficult to strategize innovative changes within a large country, since the regions are largely differentiated in the context of social and economic development, innovative activity, and the state of scientific and technological potential. The ability of each region to designate its own “window of opportunity” in priority activities, taking into account the imperatives of neo-industrial development, is especially in demand, as it will make innovation processes more manageable. This is especially important in the context of the tightening of sanctions restrictions and the actualization of the request to achieve sustainable technological sovereignty of Russia. The goal of decomposition of the factors of innovative development of ROPS implemented in the study is, in fact, a key preparatory stage for an integrated approach to the subsequent development of regional innovation strategies. The three-level hierarchization of factors and their substantiation by subject areas in the methodological aspect is universal both for local ROPS and for regional control systems. A detailed study of the indicated factors is the starting point for positioning the innovative profile of the ROPS and directly affects the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative scenarios in industries and the agro-industrial complex. The formation of a comprehensive understanding of the innovation situation in the regions contributes to focusing efforts on stimulating the innovation activity of the ROPS, taking into account regional specifics, which fully corresponds to the goal-setting of the Concept of Technological Development of Russia until 2030, which is scheduled to be approved this year. In the next three years, the state will allocate about 4 billion rubles to subsidize innovative technological entrepreneurship. 11 federal development institutions and 46 regional corporations of regional and interregional profile are involved in active support of the innovative development of the ROPS.
俄罗斯发展创新载体的战略选择,预先决定了在不断融入新工业技术概念“工业4.0”和“APK 4.0”趋势的背景下,加强面向区域的生产系统(ROPS)的作用,经济数字化,引入第六个技术秩序的创新解决方案,科学与生产的融合。目前,只有12%的俄罗斯地区(领导小组)被完全纳入了创新议程。在一个大国内部制定创新变革的战略是相当困难的,因为各区域在社会和经济发展、创新活动和科技潜力状况方面有很大差别。考虑到新工业发展的必要性,特别需要每个区域在优先活动中指定自己的“机会之窗”的能力,因为这将使创新过程更易于管理。在加紧制裁限制和实现实现俄罗斯可持续技术主权的要求的背景下,这一点尤其重要。本研究所实施的ROPS创新发展因素分解目标,实际上是为后续区域创新战略的综合制定提供了一个关键的准备阶段。在方法学方面,因素的三级分层及其按学科领域的实证对地方ROPS和区域控制系统都是通用的。对上述因素的详细研究是定位ROPS创新概况的起点,并直接影响在工业和农工综合体中实施创新方案的有效性。全面了解各地区的创新情况有助于集中精力,在考虑地区具体情况的情况下,刺激ROPS的创新活动,这完全符合定于今年批准的《俄罗斯到2030年技术发展构想》的目标设定。在未来三年内,国家将拨款约40亿卢布补贴创新技术创业。11个联邦发展机构和46个具有区域和区域间地位的区域公司积极支持ROPS的创新发展。
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引用次数: 0
ORGANIZATION OF BREEDING BUSINESS AND INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN 组织饲养业务和提高鞑靼斯坦共和国奶牛养殖的生产力
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-133-142
Ilgizar Gaynutdinov, Farit Mukhametgaliev, Nail Asadullin, Marsel Khismatullin, Fayaz Avhadiev
In the qualitative improvement and replenishment of the main dairy herd with a productivity of 7000 to 9000 kg of milk by purebred animals, the role of certified breeding farms producing breeding material is great. Data on providing the dairy cattle breeding industry with breeding material (bull semen, breeding stock) show that the cattle breeding industry is largely dependent on import supplies. Thus, the share of imported breeding stock in the domestic market for 2021 in the Russian Federation amounted to 36.3%. An analysis of breeding business development on the example of the Republic showed that 47 certified breeding farms operate on the territory of the Republic. In total, these farms keep a little more than 183 thousand heads of cattle, of which more than 150 thousand heads, or 82%, are identified as breeding. In 2021, the breeding farms of the Republic sold livestock products (milk, offspring) in the amount of 11,693 million rubles. Not all breeding farms perform their main function - the cultivation and sale of breeding stock. So, in 2021, out of 47 breeding farms, 25 did not sell breeding stock, which means that they grow breeding stock only to meet their own needs, and not for sale. The remaining 22 breeding farms had about 2% of the proceeds from the sale of breeding young animals, while, in advanced farms, it reaches 28% of the total cash proceeds of cattle breeding, which shows a low level of raising commercial breeding young animals in the breeding farms of the republic. Of the 43 municipal districts of the republic, in 26 as of 2022, there were no breeding farms, which indicates a low provision of municipal districts of the republic with breeding farms. In these municipal areas, the average productivity of the dairy herd for 2017-2021. amounted to 4857 kg of milk, with an average productivity of cows in the republic of 5521 kg. The exception is the Aktanyshsky municipal district, where the average productivity was 6395 kg. About 60% of breeding farms operate on the territory of 5 municipal districts of the republic, in which the average productivity of cows over 5 years ranged from 7503 kg to over 8618 kg of milk per year. In productivity groups: 7504-8617 and more than 8618 kg per one municipal district there are from 5 to 6 breeding farms in general, i.e. the coefficient of provision with breeding farms, calculated as the ratio of the number of breeding farms to the number of municipal districts in the group, is 5.0-6.5. Regression analysis of the dependence of the productivity of cows on the provision of breeding and farms in municipal areas shows a significant dependence of the productivity of cows in productivity groups, ranging from 4162-5275 kg to the productivity group over 8618 kg, on the provision of their breeding farms. The regression equation constructed for groups of municipal districts with cow productivity over 4162 kg indicates that an increase in the provision of breeding farms in the municipal district leads to
在纯种动物产奶量为7000 - 9000公斤的主要奶牛群的质量改进和补充中,生产育种材料的认证养殖场的作用是巨大的。关于向奶牛养殖业提供育种材料(公牛精液、种畜)的数据表明,奶牛养殖业在很大程度上依赖进口供应。因此,2021年进口种猪在俄罗斯联邦国内市场的份额为36.3%。以共和国为例,对养殖业务发展的分析表明,在共和国境内经营着47家经认证的养殖场。这些农场总共饲养了18.3万头牛,其中超过15万头(82%)被确定为种牛。2021年,共和国养殖场的牲畜产品(牛奶、后代)销售额为116.93亿卢布。并非所有养殖场都履行其主要职能——养殖和销售种畜。因此,在2021年,在47个养殖场中,有25个没有出售种猪,这意味着他们种植种猪只是为了满足自己的需求,而不是为了出售。其余22个种猪场的种畜销售收入约占种畜销售收入的2%,而在先进的种牛场,种牛场的种畜销售收入占种牛总现金收入的28%,这表明共和国种猪场的种牛场的种畜商业养殖水平较低。截至2022年,在共和国的43个市辖区中,有26个市辖区没有养殖场,这表明共和国的市辖区拥有养殖场的数量很低。在这些城市地区,2017-2021年奶牛群的平均生产力为。产奶量达4857公斤,共和国奶牛的平均产奶量为5521公斤。唯一的例外是阿克坦什基市辖区,平均产量为6395公斤。大约60%的养殖场在共和国的5个市辖区内经营,其中奶牛5年的平均产奶量从每年7503公斤到8618公斤不等。在每一市辖区7504-8617公斤和超过8618公斤的生产力组中,一般有5 -6个养殖场,即养殖场供应系数(以养殖场数量与该组市辖区数量之比计算)为5.0-6.5。对市区奶牛生产能力对提供种牛场和农场的依赖性的回归分析表明,在4162-5275 kg至8618 kg以上的生产能力组中,奶牛的生产能力对提供种牛场的依赖性显著。对产奶量大于4162 kg的市辖区组构建的回归方程表明,市辖区养殖场供应量增加,年均产奶量增加2641 kg。
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Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University
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