Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-52-59
The studies were carried out in order to propose a criterion for the technical and economic assessment of photovoltaic systems layout options, which allows providing consumers with electric energy at a cost lower than the current tariff in the Unified Electric System, and meeting the requirements for the payback of projects in the energy sector. The theoretical basis for the search for an economically viable option for the layout of the modules of the photovoltaic system was the mathematical formulation of the optimization problem using the following criterion: the cost of generated electrical energy is lower than or equal to the current tariff of the power system for consumed electrical energy. At the same time, the requirement that the payback period of the project does not exceed the standard value of 8 years was taken into account. On the example of a processing agricultural enterprise located in Rostov region, taking into account the peculiarities of its development and the regime of insolation of the territory, consumers were identified, on whose roofs it is possible to install photovoltaic systems. The mode of operation involves generation within the power supply system of the enterprise without generation beyond the point of balance. The analyzed changes in the technical and economic indicators of a photovoltaic system with an increase in its power, if the latter operates with the accumulation of electric energy and taking into account the load schedule, made it possible to identify that 5 photovoltaic systems with a maximum power of 0.4 kW to 71 kW of total installed power can be installed on the territory of the enterprise. with a power of 77.4 kW. But only for four of them the proposed criterion is met: the payback period is not more than 8 years (5.7 ... 7.4 years), and the cost of generated electrical energy (4.0 ... 5.5 rubles / kWh) is lower than the current tariff (8.3 rubles/kWh). The excess of electricity generation by photovoltaic systems, compared to the load of consumers on the roof of which they are located, is directed to the power supply system of the agro-industrial complex for the power supply of other consumers, which makes it possible to realize the solar energy resource to a greater extent at the geographic location of the object.
{"title":"TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF PHOTOELECTRIC SYSTEM APPLICATION FOR POWER SUPPLY OF AGROBUSINESS OBJECT","authors":"","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-52-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-52-59","url":null,"abstract":"The studies were carried out in order to propose a criterion for the technical and economic assessment of photovoltaic systems layout options, which allows providing consumers with electric energy at a cost lower than the current tariff in the Unified Electric System, and meeting the requirements for the payback of projects in the energy sector. The theoretical basis for the search for an economically viable option for the layout of the modules of the photovoltaic system was the mathematical formulation of the optimization problem using the following criterion: the cost of generated electrical energy is lower than or equal to the current tariff of the power system for consumed electrical energy. At the same time, the requirement that the payback period of the project does not exceed the standard value of 8 years was taken into account. On the example of a processing agricultural enterprise located in Rostov region, taking into account the peculiarities of its development and the regime of insolation of the territory, consumers were identified, on whose roofs it is possible to install photovoltaic systems. The mode of operation involves generation within the power supply system of the enterprise without generation beyond the point of balance. The analyzed changes in the technical and economic indicators of a photovoltaic system with an increase in its power, if the latter operates with the accumulation of electric energy and taking into account the load schedule, made it possible to identify that 5 photovoltaic systems with a maximum power of 0.4 kW to 71 kW of total installed power can be installed on the territory of the enterprise. with a power of 77.4 kW. But only for four of them the proposed criterion is met: the payback period is not more than 8 years (5.7 ... 7.4 years), and the cost of generated electrical energy (4.0 ... 5.5 rubles / kWh) is lower than the current tariff (8.3 rubles/kWh). The excess of electricity generation by photovoltaic systems, compared to the load of consumers on the roof of which they are located, is directed to the power supply system of the agro-industrial complex for the power supply of other consumers, which makes it possible to realize the solar energy resource to a greater extent at the geographic location of the object.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88041465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-17-22
The research was carried out in order to isolate the initial material of winter soft wheat for crop breeding for high productivity, low stems and their combination in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2011-2013 in Ulyanovsk region. The soil of the experimental field is leached chernozem, the predecessor is pure fallow. The material for the study was 102 varieties of winter wheat of various geographical origins. The weather conditions during the experiment were contrasting. Stress factors of the environment, typical for the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, did not allow to realize the production potential of most of the winter wheat varieties of the world collection. Varieties from Germany, Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia, Moldova, China, USA, Japan, Estonia, Latvia formed a yield below the Volzhskaya K standard (in 2011 - 630 g/m2, in 2012 - 367 g/m2, in 2013 - 162 g/m2) by 10 ... 93%. Due to the often developing dry conditions, significant positive correlation-regression dependences of the yield of winter soft wheat on plant height (R2>0.08) were established. High-yielding sources of Poema, Biyskaya ozimaya cultivars, which annually exceeded the standard by 16...205%, were identified and recommended as the starting material for crop breeding. Dwarf and semi-dwarf wheats Donskaya lira, Zamozhnist, Yasnogorka, which have generated yields at or above the Volzhskaya K standard (499 g/m2 on average for 2011–2012 and 264 g/m2 on average for 2012–2013), are breeding value as sources of a combination of low stalks and productivity.
{"title":"SOURCE MATERIAL OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT SELECTION FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND DWARFNESS IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS","authors":"","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-17-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-17-22","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out in order to isolate the initial material of winter soft wheat for crop breeding for high productivity, low stems and their combination in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2011-2013 in Ulyanovsk region. The soil of the experimental field is leached chernozem, the predecessor is pure fallow. The material for the study was 102 varieties of winter wheat of various geographical origins. The weather conditions during the experiment were contrasting. Stress factors of the environment, typical for the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, did not allow to realize the production potential of most of the winter wheat varieties of the world collection. Varieties from Germany, Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia, Moldova, China, USA, Japan, Estonia, Latvia formed a yield below the Volzhskaya K standard (in 2011 - 630 g/m2, in 2012 - 367 g/m2, in 2013 - 162 g/m2) by 10 ... 93%. Due to the often developing dry conditions, significant positive correlation-regression dependences of the yield of winter soft wheat on plant height (R2>0.08) were established. High-yielding sources of Poema, Biyskaya ozimaya cultivars, which annually exceeded the standard by 16...205%, were identified and recommended as the starting material for crop breeding. Dwarf and semi-dwarf wheats Donskaya lira, Zamozhnist, Yasnogorka, which have generated yields at or above the Volzhskaya K standard (499 g/m2 on average for 2011–2012 and 264 g/m2 on average for 2012–2013), are breeding value as sources of a combination of low stalks and productivity.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79558441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-142-149
In order to increase the economic efficiency of oilseeds production in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020-2022 a comparative assessment of the chemical and biological system of sunflower protection from basket rot was carried out. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: background nutrition (factor A) - without fertilizers (control), N104P50K106 (for a planned yield of 2.5 t/ha), partial replacement of mineral fertilizers with a biopreparation Biostim oil (N52P25K53 + foliar top dressing Biostim oil 3 l/ha in the budding phase); protection system (factor B) - seed treatment with chemicals Imidor Pro, KS, 15 l/t + Scarlet, ME, 0.4 l/t (control); treatment of seeds with biological preparations (Nodix Insectobact, 2 l/t + Nodix Biofungicide, 0.5 l/t); spraying crops in the phase of sunflower budding with chemical plant protection products (Mystery, ME, 2 l/ha + Karate Zeon, 0.15 l/ha); spraying crops with biological preparations (Nodix Insectobact, 2 l/ha + Nodix Biofungicide, 0.5 l/ha). The biological system for protecting sunflower from basket rot and replacing part of the mineral fertilizers with the biopreparation Biostim oil had high efficiency: treatment of crops with Nodix Biofungicide, 0.5 l/ha in combination with Nodix Insectobact, 2 l/ha against the background of N52P25K53 + Biostim oil, 3 l/ha ha, on average, ensured the collection of 2.31 t/ha of sunflower oilseeds. Spraying of crops with biological preparations from basket rot in combination with foliar top dressing with a fertilizer-stimulating composition Biostim oilseed made it possible to obtain 22.5 thousand rubles/ha of net profit, the profitability was 53.6%, the cost of production of 1 ton of oilseeds was 18.3 thousand rubles. rub. at a selling price of grown products of 28 thousand rubles.
{"title":"ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTING SUNFLOWERS FROM BASKET ROT UNDER SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN","authors":"","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-142-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-142-149","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase the economic efficiency of oilseeds production in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020-2022 a comparative assessment of the chemical and biological system of sunflower protection from basket rot was carried out. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: background nutrition (factor A) - without fertilizers (control), N104P50K106 (for a planned yield of 2.5 t/ha), partial replacement of mineral fertilizers with a biopreparation Biostim oil (N52P25K53 + foliar top dressing Biostim oil 3 l/ha in the budding phase); protection system (factor B) - seed treatment with chemicals Imidor Pro, KS, 15 l/t + Scarlet, ME, 0.4 l/t (control); treatment of seeds with biological preparations (Nodix Insectobact, 2 l/t + Nodix Biofungicide, 0.5 l/t); spraying crops in the phase of sunflower budding with chemical plant protection products (Mystery, ME, 2 l/ha + Karate Zeon, 0.15 l/ha); spraying crops with biological preparations (Nodix Insectobact, 2 l/ha + Nodix Biofungicide, 0.5 l/ha). The biological system for protecting sunflower from basket rot and replacing part of the mineral fertilizers with the biopreparation Biostim oil had high efficiency: treatment of crops with Nodix Biofungicide, 0.5 l/ha in combination with Nodix Insectobact, 2 l/ha against the background of N52P25K53 + Biostim oil, 3 l/ha ha, on average, ensured the collection of 2.31 t/ha of sunflower oilseeds. Spraying of crops with biological preparations from basket rot in combination with foliar top dressing with a fertilizer-stimulating composition Biostim oilseed made it possible to obtain 22.5 thousand rubles/ha of net profit, the profitability was 53.6%, the cost of production of 1 ton of oilseeds was 18.3 thousand rubles. rub. at a selling price of grown products of 28 thousand rubles.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73753793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-157-163
A. Subaeva, V. Vodyannikov, Yuliya Chutcheva, Aleksandr Eder
Technical and technological re-equipment in modern conditions must be perceived as a process of increasing the technical equipment of economic sectors by replacing physically and morally obsolete and worn-out machines and equipment with intelligent technology, the use of more advanced production methods to increase labor productivity and reduce costs. Coupling the predictive stages of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with technological modes allows us to correlate the fifth technological cycle with the stages of innovative development in order to simultaneously transfer the technical potential of economic sectors from the fifth to the sixth technological mode. It involves the digital transformation of technology as the basis for the development of an innovative economy, which provides favorable conditions for the transfer of domestic digital technologies into production, the technological sovereignty of the industry and the country's food security. The use of agricultural machines equipped with high-tech, innovative designs and solutions in the conditions of a real agricultural business will contribute to the large-scale digitalization of the industry, which serves as a significant trend in the development of the domestic economy. The empirical and comparative research methods used have revealed the need to take measures to accelerate the process of transition to a new technological method of production based on intelligent technology using new types of energy, digitization of jobs and production of technotronic equipment in order to neo-industrialize the country in the period from 2021 to 2030.
{"title":"TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL RE-EQUIPMENT AS THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY","authors":"A. Subaeva, V. Vodyannikov, Yuliya Chutcheva, Aleksandr Eder","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-157-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-157-163","url":null,"abstract":"Technical and technological re-equipment in modern conditions must be perceived as a process of increasing the technical equipment of economic sectors by replacing physically and morally obsolete and worn-out machines and equipment with intelligent technology, the use of more advanced production methods to increase labor productivity and reduce costs. Coupling the predictive stages of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with technological modes allows us to correlate the fifth technological cycle with the stages of innovative development in order to simultaneously transfer the technical potential of economic sectors from the fifth to the sixth technological mode. It involves the digital transformation of technology as the basis for the development of an innovative economy, which provides favorable conditions for the transfer of domestic digital technologies into production, the technological sovereignty of the industry and the country's food security. The use of agricultural machines equipped with high-tech, innovative designs and solutions in the conditions of a real agricultural business will contribute to the large-scale digitalization of the industry, which serves as a significant trend in the development of the domestic economy. The empirical and comparative research methods used have revealed the need to take measures to accelerate the process of transition to a new technological method of production based on intelligent technology using new types of energy, digitization of jobs and production of technotronic equipment in order to neo-industrialize the country in the period from 2021 to 2030.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85799644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-108-114
G. Zakharova, I. Safiullin, E. Amirova, Elvina Kovaleva, M. Khannanov
The Republic of Tatarstan is a successfully and dynamically developing region of the Russian Federation, which has a huge economic potential, including human capital, and favorable conditions have been created for the development of entrepreneurship. To date, the republic fully meets the internal needs of the region for milk, meat, grain, sugar by more than 300%, and for vegetable oil, food security indicators exceed the normative values by more than 6 times. However, sanctions pressure from the US and Western countries, political and economic instability have a negative impact on agribusiness, both in Russia as a whole and in its individual regions. The agrarian sector of the economy has to solve large-scale problems associated with forcing the modernization of the industry, import substitution, which implies the availability of highly qualified personnel designed to ensure the implementation of the sustainable development strategy and increase the competitiveness of agricultural producers. An assessment of the provision of agricultural production with labor resources for 2016-2021 indicates a decrease in the number of people living in rural areas, decreased by 12.9 thousand people. due to the migration of the able-bodied population to cities and a decrease in natural growth. Today, the region’s agriculture is experiencing a shortage, both in industry specialists and workers in ordinary professions, and there is an aging of workers in the agricultural sector. Only a third of the graduates of agricultural universities are ready to return as young specialists to agriculture. Low wages, low prestige and unaesthetic labor in the industry, low provision of basic social benefits, and other factors depopularize agricultural labor and reduce its attractiveness. Despite this, the level of labor productivity tends to increase, which is due to the technical and technological modernization of the main branches of agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan, the most complete use of the biological potential of crop varieties and livestock breeds, and the rational use of labor resources. At the same time, natural and climatic conditions remain the determining factor in the productivity of labor in crop production. Due to unfavorable natural conditions in 2021, the commodity producers of the republic received less than 37% of crop production. Wages in the agricultural sector remain one of the lowest compared to other sectors of the economy. Multivariate correlation-regression analysis showed that the level of labor productivity in the industry is largely determined by the labor supply of agricultural units.
{"title":"STATUS AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR RESOURCES IN THE REGION","authors":"G. Zakharova, I. Safiullin, E. Amirova, Elvina Kovaleva, M. Khannanov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-108-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-108-114","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Tatarstan is a successfully and dynamically developing region of the Russian Federation, which has a huge economic potential, including human capital, and favorable conditions have been created for the development of entrepreneurship. To date, the republic fully meets the internal needs of the region for milk, meat, grain, sugar by more than 300%, and for vegetable oil, food security indicators exceed the normative values by more than 6 times. However, sanctions pressure from the US and Western countries, political and economic instability have a negative impact on agribusiness, both in Russia as a whole and in its individual regions. The agrarian sector of the economy has to solve large-scale problems associated with forcing the modernization of the industry, import substitution, which implies the availability of highly qualified personnel designed to ensure the implementation of the sustainable development strategy and increase the competitiveness of agricultural producers. An assessment of the provision of agricultural production with labor resources for 2016-2021 indicates a decrease in the number of people living in rural areas, decreased by 12.9 thousand people. due to the migration of the able-bodied population to cities and a decrease in natural growth. Today, the region’s agriculture is experiencing a shortage, both in industry specialists and workers in ordinary professions, and there is an aging of workers in the agricultural sector. Only a third of the graduates of agricultural universities are ready to return as young specialists to agriculture. Low wages, low prestige and unaesthetic labor in the industry, low provision of basic social benefits, and other factors depopularize agricultural labor and reduce its attractiveness. Despite this, the level of labor productivity tends to increase, which is due to the technical and technological modernization of the main branches of agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan, the most complete use of the biological potential of crop varieties and livestock breeds, and the rational use of labor resources. At the same time, natural and climatic conditions remain the determining factor in the productivity of labor in crop production. Due to unfavorable natural conditions in 2021, the commodity producers of the republic received less than 37% of crop production. Wages in the agricultural sector remain one of the lowest compared to other sectors of the economy. Multivariate correlation-regression analysis showed that the level of labor productivity in the industry is largely determined by the labor supply of agricultural units.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85716472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-73-77
Bulat Sabirov, B. Ziganshin, A. Dmitriev, I. Nafikov, Razilya Sabirova
The quality of feed produced for cattle is one of the main factors affecting the efficiency of its maintenance. The quality of the resulting feed largely depends on the design features of the equipment, in particular crushers. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed device for crushing grain, in comparison with existing crushers (UD-200). An experimental plant with paddle disks has been developed for grinding grain. Its distinguishing feature is that two disks with a diameter of 142 and 200 mm with blades rotate in the working chamber. The device allows processing grain with high humidity. When using existing crushers (UD-200), fine grinding of grain is possible at a moisture content of not more than 12.6%, experimental installation - 12.9%. To obtain an average grinding, grain moisture can vary from 12.6% to 13.6% and from 12.9% to 14.1%, respectively. With a grain moisture content of 9.8%, the lowest energy costs for crushing were noted when using an experimental installation (5.3 J/kg), for the UD-200 crusher they reached 6.9 J/kg, which is 1.6 J/kg more. At a grain moisture content of 14.1%, the specific energy intensity in the variant with the experimental setup decreased to 8 J/kg, while UD-200 had 9 J/kg. The use of a crusher with paddle discs provides better grinding of feed intended for cattle and reduces the cost of this process.
{"title":"STUDY OF A DEVICE FOR CRUSHING GRAIN","authors":"Bulat Sabirov, B. Ziganshin, A. Dmitriev, I. Nafikov, Razilya Sabirova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-73-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-73-77","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of feed produced for cattle is one of the main factors affecting the efficiency of its maintenance. The quality of the resulting feed largely depends on the design features of the equipment, in particular crushers. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed device for crushing grain, in comparison with existing crushers (UD-200). An experimental plant with paddle disks has been developed for grinding grain. Its distinguishing feature is that two disks with a diameter of 142 and 200 mm with blades rotate in the working chamber. The device allows processing grain with high humidity. When using existing crushers (UD-200), fine grinding of grain is possible at a moisture content of not more than 12.6%, experimental installation - 12.9%. To obtain an average grinding, grain moisture can vary from 12.6% to 13.6% and from 12.9% to 14.1%, respectively. With a grain moisture content of 9.8%, the lowest energy costs for crushing were noted when using an experimental installation (5.3 J/kg), for the UD-200 crusher they reached 6.9 J/kg, which is 1.6 J/kg more. At a grain moisture content of 14.1%, the specific energy intensity in the variant with the experimental setup decreased to 8 J/kg, while UD-200 had 9 J/kg. The use of a crusher with paddle discs provides better grinding of feed intended for cattle and reduces the cost of this process.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86659753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-23-28
L. Naumova, V. Ganich
The study was carried out in order to assess the agrobiological and uvological indicators of the rare autochthonous Don grape variety Tsimlyansky Belyy, growing in the conditions of the Lower Don, and can be used to expand the raw material resource in the production of quality wines and as a valuable genetic material for grape breeding. The experiments were performed on the ampelographic collection (Rostov region) in 2015-2021, according to generally accepted methods and GOST. The bushes are grafted onto the rootstock Kober 5BB. Varieties are cultivated in a covering culture. It has been established that under these growing conditions, Tsimlyansky Belyy variety has an early ripening period (117 days), and the control variety Sibir'kovyy has an early-middle period ripening of berries (128 days). According to the results of agrobiological surveys, good overwintering and fruitfulness of plants were noted, the percentage of fruiting buds in Tsimlyansky Belyy variety was at the level of 72.7%, and in Sibir'kovyy variety - 66.2%. In terms of the percentage of fruitful shoots and the fruitfulness ratio, the differences were not significant and amounted to 5.8% and 0.1, respectively. The yield of the studied variety Tsimlyansky Belyy was 91 centners/ha, in the control variety - 86 centners/ha. The characteristics of grape were practically at the same level (medium sugar content - 20.6 g/100 cm3 for Tsimlyansky Belyy variety and 20.2 g/100 cm3 for the Sibir'kovyy variety; and the acidity of the varieties was low: Tsimlyansky Belyy - 6.4 g/dm3, Sibir'kovyy - 6.3 g/dm3). The wine from Tsimlyansky Belyy variety has a pale straw color, with a shine, has delicate floral and honey notes in the aroma, turning into the taste. The taste is full and harmonious. Tasting score 8.6 points. Wine from the control variety Sibir'kovyy received a tasting score of 8.7 points. In 2022, Tsimlyansky Belyy grape variety is included in the State Register of Russian varieties approved for use, has a high agrobiological potential in the climatic conditions of the Lower Don region, and can be used to expand the raw material resource in the production of quality wines, and as a valuable genetic material for grape breeding.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE DON AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPE VARIETY TSIMLYANSKY BELYY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER DON","authors":"L. Naumova, V. Ganich","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-23-28","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in order to assess the agrobiological and uvological indicators of the rare autochthonous Don grape variety Tsimlyansky Belyy, growing in the conditions of the Lower Don, and can be used to expand the raw material resource in the production of quality wines and as a valuable genetic material for grape breeding. The experiments were performed on the ampelographic collection (Rostov region) in 2015-2021, according to generally accepted methods and GOST. The bushes are grafted onto the rootstock Kober 5BB. Varieties are cultivated in a covering culture. It has been established that under these growing conditions, Tsimlyansky Belyy variety has an early ripening period (117 days), and the control variety Sibir'kovyy has an early-middle period ripening of berries (128 days). According to the results of agrobiological surveys, good overwintering and fruitfulness of plants were noted, the percentage of fruiting buds in Tsimlyansky Belyy variety was at the level of 72.7%, and in Sibir'kovyy variety - 66.2%. In terms of the percentage of fruitful shoots and the fruitfulness ratio, the differences were not significant and amounted to 5.8% and 0.1, respectively. The yield of the studied variety Tsimlyansky Belyy was 91 centners/ha, in the control variety - 86 centners/ha. The characteristics of grape were practically at the same level (medium sugar content - 20.6 g/100 cm3 for Tsimlyansky Belyy variety and 20.2 g/100 cm3 for the Sibir'kovyy variety; and the acidity of the varieties was low: Tsimlyansky Belyy - 6.4 g/dm3, Sibir'kovyy - 6.3 g/dm3). The wine from Tsimlyansky Belyy variety has a pale straw color, with a shine, has delicate floral and honey notes in the aroma, turning into the taste. The taste is full and harmonious. Tasting score 8.6 points. Wine from the control variety Sibir'kovyy received a tasting score of 8.7 points. In 2022, Tsimlyansky Belyy grape variety is included in the State Register of Russian varieties approved for use, has a high agrobiological potential in the climatic conditions of the Lower Don region, and can be used to expand the raw material resource in the production of quality wines, and as a valuable genetic material for grape breeding.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82625032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-45-51
I. Gayfullin, Damir Haliullin, M. Kalimullin, B. Ziganshin, R. Hamitov
The article considers a dispenser-distributor with soil-transporting elements, substantiates and determines its technological and design parameters. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, analytical dependences were obtained to determine the diameter of the disk of the soil dispenser-distributor, the height of the soil-transporting element and the volume of soil required to cover potato tubers. The results of work in the field of theory and calculation of potato planters are systematized and generalized, analytical dependences are obtained to determine the main design and technological parameters of the soil dispenser-distributor of the potato planter. Based on literary sources, to obtain digital values, we chose the row spacing (70 cm), the distance between tubers (25 cm), the weight of the tuber is average (55 ... 60 g), the width at the bottom of the furrow, equal to the width of the nest, is the smallest (0 06…0.07 m), tuber planting depth (0.19 m), potato fraction – seed (50…80 g), operating speed – within (2.9…9 km/h). According to the calculations, the following results were obtained: the diameter of each disc (D=35…40 cm), the height of the soil-transporting element (hpe = 0.025 m) and the volume of soil (Ω= 0.004 m3) required to cover potato tubers.
{"title":"METHOD OF CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF SOIL DISPENSER","authors":"I. Gayfullin, Damir Haliullin, M. Kalimullin, B. Ziganshin, R. Hamitov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-45-51","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers a dispenser-distributor with soil-transporting elements, substantiates and determines its technological and design parameters. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, analytical dependences were obtained to determine the diameter of the disk of the soil dispenser-distributor, the height of the soil-transporting element and the volume of soil required to cover potato tubers. The results of work in the field of theory and calculation of potato planters are systematized and generalized, analytical dependences are obtained to determine the main design and technological parameters of the soil dispenser-distributor of the potato planter. Based on literary sources, to obtain digital values, we chose the row spacing (70 cm), the distance between tubers (25 cm), the weight of the tuber is average (55 ... 60 g), the width at the bottom of the furrow, equal to the width of the nest, is the smallest (0 06…0.07 m), tuber planting depth (0.19 m), potato fraction – seed (50…80 g), operating speed – within (2.9…9 km/h). According to the calculations, the following results were obtained: the diameter of each disc (D=35…40 cm), the height of the soil-transporting element (hpe = 0.025 m) and the volume of soil (Ω= 0.004 m3) required to cover potato tubers.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78602325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-85-93
The thirty-year history of the formation and development of the institution of bankruptcy in Russia is characterized by complex processes of transformation of the structure of its state regulation bodies. However, in practice, the institution of bankruptcy has not proven itself as an effective mechanism for regulating market relations, demonstrating an extremely low level of return on the implementation of bankruptcy procedures: if in 2015, 6.3 kopecks (6,3%) were returned to creditors from one ruble of monetary claims, then in 2021 this figure dropped to 3.5 kopecks (3,5%), which actualizes the need for further improvement of the organizational unit of the insolvency institution based on rethinking its reform experience. The purpose of this study is to identify and systematize the stages of development of the activities of a specialized state body on bankruptcy issues in the historical retrospective of the dynamic improvement of bankruptcy legislation and changes in approaches in the context of administrative reforms in the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, a periodization of the reform and identification of models of the organizational component of the system of state management of bankruptcy processes was carried out: from a centralized model with limited independence of a specialized bankruptcy authority (September 1993 - February 1998) with further strengthening of independence and expansion of its powers (March 1998 - February 2004) and the transition to a decentralized model of state bankruptcy management, when diverse functions were transferred to various state authorities in accordance with their competence, and the function of the authorized body was transferred to the Federal Tax Service of Russia. At the present stage, there is a tendency to strengthen the organizational block for ensuring bankruptcy procedures within the Federal Tax Service of Russia. From the standpoint of the synthesis of theoretical approaches, the results of judicial practice and international experience, it was concluded that the role of the authorized body in bankruptcy cases is growing, the constructive position of which contributes not only to protecting state interests, but also to increasing the efficiency of the implementation of bankruptcy procedures, reducing criminalization bankruptcies, judicial errors in the consideration of disputes in bankruptcy proceedings.
{"title":"THE EVOLUTION OF STATE REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF A SPECIALIZED AUTHORITY IN THE FIELD OF BANKRUPTCY IN THE CONTEXT OF INSOLVENCY INSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-85-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-85-93","url":null,"abstract":"The thirty-year history of the formation and development of the institution of bankruptcy in Russia is characterized by complex processes of transformation of the structure of its state regulation bodies. However, in practice, the institution of bankruptcy has not proven itself as an effective mechanism for regulating market relations, demonstrating an extremely low level of return on the implementation of bankruptcy procedures: if in 2015, 6.3 kopecks (6,3%) were returned to creditors from one ruble of monetary claims, then in 2021 this figure dropped to 3.5 kopecks (3,5%), which actualizes the need for further improvement of the organizational unit of the insolvency institution based on rethinking its reform experience. The purpose of this study is to identify and systematize the stages of development of the activities of a specialized state body on bankruptcy issues in the historical retrospective of the dynamic improvement of bankruptcy legislation and changes in approaches in the context of administrative reforms in the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, a periodization of the reform and identification of models of the organizational component of the system of state management of bankruptcy processes was carried out: from a centralized model with limited independence of a specialized bankruptcy authority (September 1993 - February 1998) with further strengthening of independence and expansion of its powers (March 1998 - February 2004) and the transition to a decentralized model of state bankruptcy management, when diverse functions were transferred to various state authorities in accordance with their competence, and the function of the authorized body was transferred to the Federal Tax Service of Russia. At the present stage, there is a tendency to strengthen the organizational block for ensuring bankruptcy procedures within the Federal Tax Service of Russia. From the standpoint of the synthesis of theoretical approaches, the results of judicial practice and international experience, it was concluded that the role of the authorized body in bankruptcy cases is growing, the constructive position of which contributes not only to protecting state interests, but also to increasing the efficiency of the implementation of bankruptcy procedures, reducing criminalization bankruptcies, judicial errors in the consideration of disputes in bankruptcy proceedings.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78561219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-150-156
L. Sitdikova, F. Mukhametgaliev, A. Valiev, F. Avhadiev, V. Mikhaylova
Resource supply of sustainable development of agro-economical systems should help to increase the competitiveness of agricultural production in the domestic and world food markets and provide the population of the globe with food on the basis of steady increase of agricultural production growth rates. The analysis of the World Bank database for the period from 2012 to 2021 shows that for ten years the added value in the agrarian sector of the Russian Federation economy has increased by 16%, showing positive dynamics of the average annual growth rate with the value of 1.53%. Comparison with the analogous world average growth rate of 2.97% shows that our agro-economic system lags behind the world by almost two times. The OECD countries are developing with an average annual growth rate of 1.88%, which is also ahead of Russia’s indicators. At the same time, Russia’s agro-economic system is developing 0.26% faster than the countries of the European zone. Over the next eight years the Russian Federation expects to achieve an average annual growth rate of agricultural production of 3%, which is 2.7 times higher than the world average. For this purpose Russian agrarians have significant reserves for sustainable development of the agricultural economic system due to expansion of the areas of the main production resource by means of involving 33.04 million hectares of unused agricultural lands (16.7% of the total area) into circulation which, if successfully developed and the average Russian level of land productivity is reached, will give a 15-16% increase in production. The implementation of the program of technical modernization of agriculture can contribute to the achievement of steady annual growth rates of 1.3-1.8% of the branch production. Along with this the important directions of resource provision are the establishment of fair correlation of prices for agricultural products and industrial goods, fulfillment of financial support of agricultural development program and increasing of export potential of domestic agriculture.
{"title":"PROBLEM AREAS OF RESOURCE PROVISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS","authors":"L. Sitdikova, F. Mukhametgaliev, A. Valiev, F. Avhadiev, V. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-150-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-150-156","url":null,"abstract":"Resource supply of sustainable development of agro-economical systems should help to increase the competitiveness of agricultural production in the domestic and world food markets and provide the population of the globe with food on the basis of steady increase of agricultural production growth rates. The analysis of the World Bank database for the period from 2012 to 2021 shows that for ten years the added value in the agrarian sector of the Russian Federation economy has increased by 16%, showing positive dynamics of the average annual growth rate with the value of 1.53%. Comparison with the analogous world average growth rate of 2.97% shows that our agro-economic system lags behind the world by almost two times. The OECD countries are developing with an average annual growth rate of 1.88%, which is also ahead of Russia’s indicators. At the same time, Russia’s agro-economic system is developing 0.26% faster than the countries of the European zone. Over the next eight years the Russian Federation expects to achieve an average annual growth rate of agricultural production of 3%, which is 2.7 times higher than the world average. For this purpose Russian agrarians have significant reserves for sustainable development of the agricultural economic system due to expansion of the areas of the main production resource by means of involving 33.04 million hectares of unused agricultural lands (16.7% of the total area) into circulation which, if successfully developed and the average Russian level of land productivity is reached, will give a 15-16% increase in production. The implementation of the program of technical modernization of agriculture can contribute to the achievement of steady annual growth rates of 1.3-1.8% of the branch production. Along with this the important directions of resource provision are the establishment of fair correlation of prices for agricultural products and industrial goods, fulfillment of financial support of agricultural development program and increasing of export potential of domestic agriculture.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80242938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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