Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-5-11
R. Garaev, Farit Shaykhutdinov, I. Serzhanov, M. Amirov, Al'bina Serzhanova
Research has been carried out to identify the optimal sowing depth of spring wheat seeds in the conditions of the Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The work was carried out in 2019-2020 on gray forest soil with a humus content (according to Tyurin) of 3.1...3.4%, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) - 101...175 and 78. ... 150 mg/1000 g of soil, pH of the salt extract - 5.9...6.0 units. The research material was spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya 105. The experimental design included 6 variants with seed placement depths in the soil of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 cm. Sowing was carried out in the first ten days of May using a Wintersteiger seeder with a seeding rate of 6 million pcs/ha. During pre-sowing cultivation, mineral fertilizers were applied at a dose of N70...74P57...63K28...30 for a planned yield of 3 t/ha. In 2019, from May to August, the precipitation rate fell by 1.5 times (GTS = 1.36); in 2020, the amount was at a normal level (GTS = 1.13). The greatest density of plants during seedlings and before harvesting was noted at a sowing depth of 4 and 5 cm (86.2...89.8%). In the same experimental variants, the largest leaf surface area was observed (30.9 and 31.4 thousand m2/ha). On average, over 2 years, the highest yield was formed at a seed placement depth of 4 and 5 cm - 3.2 and 3.02 t/ha. With shallower (2 cm) and deeper (7 cm) planting, it decreased compared to the optimal options by 0.43...0.47 t/ha.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF SEEDING DEPTH ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF KAMA REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN","authors":"R. Garaev, Farit Shaykhutdinov, I. Serzhanov, M. Amirov, Al'bina Serzhanova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-5-11","url":null,"abstract":"Research has been carried out to identify the optimal sowing depth of spring wheat seeds in the conditions of the Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The work was carried out in 2019-2020 on gray forest soil with a humus content (according to Tyurin) of 3.1...3.4%, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) - 101...175 and 78. ... 150 mg/1000 g of soil, pH of the salt extract - 5.9...6.0 units. The research material was spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya 105. The experimental design included 6 variants with seed placement depths in the soil of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 cm. Sowing was carried out in the first ten days of May using a Wintersteiger seeder with a seeding rate of 6 million pcs/ha. During pre-sowing cultivation, mineral fertilizers were applied at a dose of N70...74P57...63K28...30 for a planned yield of 3 t/ha. In 2019, from May to August, the precipitation rate fell by 1.5 times (GTS = 1.36); in 2020, the amount was at a normal level (GTS = 1.13). The greatest density of plants during seedlings and before harvesting was noted at a sowing depth of 4 and 5 cm (86.2...89.8%). In the same experimental variants, the largest leaf surface area was observed (30.9 and 31.4 thousand m2/ha). On average, over 2 years, the highest yield was formed at a seed placement depth of 4 and 5 cm - 3.2 and 3.02 t/ha. With shallower (2 cm) and deeper (7 cm) planting, it decreased compared to the optimal options by 0.43...0.47 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-18-22
Elena Myagkova, Vladimir Eremin
The research was carried out in 2020–2022 in the south of Chernoyarsk district of Astrakhan region in order to identify promising and adaptive sesame breeding material to the conditions of the region for its further involvement in the creation of new varieties of this crop. The work was carried out on an irrigated plot, the soil of the experimental plot in terms of granulometric composition was heavy loamy, the soil type was light chestnut. The meteorological conditions that developed during the study period were typical for the cultivation zone. The material for the study was 70 collection samples of sesame from All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I.Vavilov (VIR). The Solnechny variety was chosen as the standard. During the work, the following samples were identified: K-188 (Turkey), K-1060 (India), K-239 (Greece), K-1506 (Venezuela), K-594 (Tajikistan). Their yield varied over the years as follows: in 2020 – 2.2…3.1 t/ha, while the value of this indicator for the standard was 1.7 t/ha; in 2021 – 1.3…2.5 t/ha and 2.7 t/ha; in 2022 – 1.3…2.8 t/ha and 2.4 t/ha, respectively. For these samples, environmental plasticity and stability were calculated according to Eberhart and Russell. The high-intensity group (bi>1, σ2d→0) includes samples K-239 (Greece, bi=2.05 and σ2d=0.08); K-1506 (Venezuela, bi=2.18 and σ2d=0.10); K-594 (Tajikistan, bi=1.91 and σ2d=0.09). The standard indicators of environmental adaptability were as follows: bi=-2.39 and σ2d=0.09. Considering that in addition to adaptability, the samples K-1506 (Venezuela) and K-594 (Tajikistan) had an average yield of 2.0 t/ha in the conditions of Astrakhan region for 2020-2022, and the sample K-188 (Turkey) for the study period exceeded the value of this indicator for the standard by an average of 0.53 t/ha, they can be recommended as a promising breeding material for creating sesame varieties.
{"title":"VARIETY STUDY OF SESAME SAMPLES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ASTRAKHAN REGION","authors":"Elena Myagkova, Vladimir Eremin","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-18-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-18-22","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out in 2020–2022 in the south of Chernoyarsk district of Astrakhan region in order to identify promising and adaptive sesame breeding material to the conditions of the region for its further involvement in the creation of new varieties of this crop. The work was carried out on an irrigated plot, the soil of the experimental plot in terms of granulometric composition was heavy loamy, the soil type was light chestnut. The meteorological conditions that developed during the study period were typical for the cultivation zone. The material for the study was 70 collection samples of sesame from All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I.Vavilov (VIR). The Solnechny variety was chosen as the standard. During the work, the following samples were identified: K-188 (Turkey), K-1060 (India), K-239 (Greece), K-1506 (Venezuela), K-594 (Tajikistan). Their yield varied over the years as follows: in 2020 – 2.2…3.1 t/ha, while the value of this indicator for the standard was 1.7 t/ha; in 2021 – 1.3…2.5 t/ha and 2.7 t/ha; in 2022 – 1.3…2.8 t/ha and 2.4 t/ha, respectively. For these samples, environmental plasticity and stability were calculated according to Eberhart and Russell. The high-intensity group (bi>1, σ2d→0) includes samples K-239 (Greece, bi=2.05 and σ2d=0.08); K-1506 (Venezuela, bi=2.18 and σ2d=0.10); K-594 (Tajikistan, bi=1.91 and σ2d=0.09). The standard indicators of environmental adaptability were as follows: bi=-2.39 and σ2d=0.09. Considering that in addition to adaptability, the samples K-1506 (Venezuela) and K-594 (Tajikistan) had an average yield of 2.0 t/ha in the conditions of Astrakhan region for 2020-2022, and the sample K-188 (Turkey) for the study period exceeded the value of this indicator for the standard by an average of 0.53 t/ha, they can be recommended as a promising breeding material for creating sesame varieties.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 94","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-124-131
R. Sadyrtdinov, M. Nizamutdinov
The coronavirus pandemic continues to pose serious challenges to agricultural production since 2020. Restrictions on trade in agricultural products affect marketing opportunities and the availability of operational resources. Seasonal labor is becoming scarce, and new consumption patterns and hygiene requirements pose new challenges for the industry. Restrictions imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic have led to an unprecedented market situation. In this work, to study the digital divide between rural and urban areas, the profile indicators of rural residents of the Russian Federation who did not have access to the Internet in 2019-2021 were analyzed. The research substantiated the service components of the digital potential of rural areas, which together will allow the development of information and communication technologies in rural areas and agricultural organizations, the skills of people who are participants in the digital transformation of processes in all spheres of rural life. Such service components include: 1) information and communication technologies and infrastructure; 2) digital management of business processes in an agricultural organization; 3) electronic digital business; 4) digital competence and literacy of rural residents and employees of agricultural organizations to assess the possibility of digital interaction with each other. A detailed analysis of trends in the digital gap in the use of the Internet through the construction of logit models made it possible to confirm the results obtained that in the absence of completed secondary education and work, the risk of a rural resident becoming one of those who do not use the Internet, that is, being in “digital isolation”, increases, and more significantly compared to other characteristics considered.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION IN RURAL TERRITORIES IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD AND ITS IMPACT ON THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY","authors":"R. Sadyrtdinov, M. Nizamutdinov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-124-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-124-131","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus pandemic continues to pose serious challenges to agricultural production since 2020. Restrictions on trade in agricultural products affect marketing opportunities and the availability of operational resources. Seasonal labor is becoming scarce, and new consumption patterns and hygiene requirements pose new challenges for the industry. Restrictions imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic have led to an unprecedented market situation. In this work, to study the digital divide between rural and urban areas, the profile indicators of rural residents of the Russian Federation who did not have access to the Internet in 2019-2021 were analyzed. The research substantiated the service components of the digital potential of rural areas, which together will allow the development of information and communication technologies in rural areas and agricultural organizations, the skills of people who are participants in the digital transformation of processes in all spheres of rural life. Such service components include: 1) information and communication technologies and infrastructure; 2) digital management of business processes in an agricultural organization; 3) electronic digital business; 4) digital competence and literacy of rural residents and employees of agricultural organizations to assess the possibility of digital interaction with each other. A detailed analysis of trends in the digital gap in the use of the Internet through the construction of logit models made it possible to confirm the results obtained that in the absence of completed secondary education and work, the risk of a rural resident becoming one of those who do not use the Internet, that is, being in “digital isolation”, increases, and more significantly compared to other characteristics considered.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-61-67
A. Nurmiev, Otari Didmanidze, K. Khafizov, K. Khafizov, Nail Zalakov
Research was carried out to identify changes in energy costs and the stability of the optimal parameters of a trailed sprayer when changing the numerical values of factors affecting its operation, to determine the possibility of stable operation in various conditions. The work was carried out using the example of a trailed sprayer for a 4K4a tractor, type MTZ-82, with an engine power of 80 hp. (optimal working width – 32 m, speed – 10 km/h, wheel diameter – 2 m, tank volume – 5000 l, wheel profile width – 0.2 m, sprayer weight distribution coefficient on its support wheels – 0.83) at changing the following operating conditions of the unit: cultivated field area from 1 to 101 hectares, paddock length from 0.1 to 1.1 km, soil density from 1.1 to 1.7 g/cm3, tanker productivity from 100 to 700 l/min , grain yield from 15 to 70 c/ha, seasonal volume of work per unit from 100 to 3600 ha, application rate of preparations from 50 to 330 l/ha, number of weeds per unit field area from 10 to 460 pcs/ m2. With an increase in the numerical values of the first four of the listed factors that determine the operating conditions of the sprayer, the total energy costs decreased by 200...2800 MJ/ha, an increase in the values of the indicators of the other four factors of the system led to an increase in the total energy costs by 300...5300 MJ/ha. At the same time, the optimal parameters of the sprayer remained unchanged regardless of the variation in the factors under consideration.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE OPTIMAL PARAMETERS’ STABILITY OF A TRAILED SPRAYER WHEN CHANGING WORKING CONDITIONS","authors":"A. Nurmiev, Otari Didmanidze, K. Khafizov, K. Khafizov, Nail Zalakov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-61-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-61-67","url":null,"abstract":"Research was carried out to identify changes in energy costs and the stability of the optimal parameters of a trailed sprayer when changing the numerical values of factors affecting its operation, to determine the possibility of stable operation in various conditions. The work was carried out using the example of a trailed sprayer for a 4K4a tractor, type MTZ-82, with an engine power of 80 hp. (optimal working width – 32 m, speed – 10 km/h, wheel diameter – 2 m, tank volume – 5000 l, wheel profile width – 0.2 m, sprayer weight distribution coefficient on its support wheels – 0.83) at changing the following operating conditions of the unit: cultivated field area from 1 to 101 hectares, paddock length from 0.1 to 1.1 km, soil density from 1.1 to 1.7 g/cm3, tanker productivity from 100 to 700 l/min , grain yield from 15 to 70 c/ha, seasonal volume of work per unit from 100 to 3600 ha, application rate of preparations from 50 to 330 l/ha, number of weeds per unit field area from 10 to 460 pcs/ m2. With an increase in the numerical values of the first four of the listed factors that determine the operating conditions of the sprayer, the total energy costs decreased by 200...2800 MJ/ha, an increase in the values of the indicators of the other four factors of the system led to an increase in the total energy costs by 300...5300 MJ/ha. At the same time, the optimal parameters of the sprayer remained unchanged regardless of the variation in the factors under consideration.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-86-93
Igor Arinichev, Viktor Sidorov, Irina Arinicheva
The active penetration of digital technologies into human economic activity objectively poses the task of forming an informational space and a new technological base across the entire economic space of society. The appearance of key sectors of the national economy is changing, with an increasing portion of business processes moving into the digital environment, thereby forming a barrier-free character of exchange and consumption relationships. Among the sectors of the domestic economy, the agricultural sector (AIC) has the highest rates of digital activity growth in recent years, with its indicator in 2023 amounting to 200% relative to the average level across the economy – 131% (compared with 2016), indicating the beginning of fundamental transformations within the mode of production. The leader of the AIC is the production of grain and its processing products, collectively accounting for more than a third of the total volume of the agri-food market, hence the processes of digital solutions penetration into grain production require close attention. The key business process of grain production is the monitoring of all its elements, ensuring the quality and timeliness of management decisions at each level of added value production. The spread of business models based on digital technologies requires a new methodology of platform solutions not only at the level of technological adaptation but also restructuring, modification of established ways of conducting agribusiness, and significant organizational changes. Systematization of digital solutions approaches shows that the use of artificial intelligence significantly accelerates the digital transformation of grain production; however, for a widespread transition to intelligent monitoring methods of grain production, a number of objective conditions must be met, among them: data handling, the ability to choose a computer vision model, creation of neural network architecture, organization of training for personnel capable of making decisions on digital platforms, and the formation of corresponding psychological-behavioral client content. The implementation of these conditions, based on ongoing institutional transformations, is capable of ensuring stable growth of grain production, reducing its energy intensity, and preparing personnel with digital economy competencies.
{"title":"DIGITAL SOLUTIONS IN AGRIBUSINESS: DEVELOPING A METHODOLOGY FOR MONITORING GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS","authors":"Igor Arinichev, Viktor Sidorov, Irina Arinicheva","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-86-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-86-93","url":null,"abstract":"The active penetration of digital technologies into human economic activity objectively poses the task of forming an informational space and a new technological base across the entire economic space of society. The appearance of key sectors of the national economy is changing, with an increasing portion of business processes moving into the digital environment, thereby forming a barrier-free character of exchange and consumption relationships. Among the sectors of the domestic economy, the agricultural sector (AIC) has the highest rates of digital activity growth in recent years, with its indicator in 2023 amounting to 200% relative to the average level across the economy – 131% (compared with 2016), indicating the beginning of fundamental transformations within the mode of production. The leader of the AIC is the production of grain and its processing products, collectively accounting for more than a third of the total volume of the agri-food market, hence the processes of digital solutions penetration into grain production require close attention. The key business process of grain production is the monitoring of all its elements, ensuring the quality and timeliness of management decisions at each level of added value production. The spread of business models based on digital technologies requires a new methodology of platform solutions not only at the level of technological adaptation but also restructuring, modification of established ways of conducting agribusiness, and significant organizational changes. Systematization of digital solutions approaches shows that the use of artificial intelligence significantly accelerates the digital transformation of grain production; however, for a widespread transition to intelligent monitoring methods of grain production, a number of objective conditions must be met, among them: data handling, the ability to choose a computer vision model, creation of neural network architecture, organization of training for personnel capable of making decisions on digital platforms, and the formation of corresponding psychological-behavioral client content. The implementation of these conditions, based on ongoing institutional transformations, is capable of ensuring stable growth of grain production, reducing its energy intensity, and preparing personnel with digital economy competencies.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-48-53
A. Dorohov, A. Sibirev, Aleksandr Aksenov, M. Mosyakov, N. Sazonov
The need to develop specialized machines and equipment for laboratory and field research on potato breeding is due to the fact that the methodology of breeding processes and the first stages of seed production involves comparing many plants of different origins and selecting the best for further work up to the creation of a new variety or transfer of seeds for propagation in production conditions. The large variability of machines for unloading vegetables and potatoes does not adequately prevent damage to vegetable and potato products, which is due to the imperfect design of such machines, including the imperfection or absence of patterns of automated control of the technological process of work and justification of the parameters of their working parts. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the conveyor for unloading vegetable crops and potatoes into storage and to determine the patterns of formation of the control signal of the transfer function of automatic control of operation. The power required to move the pick-up depends on the maximum pressure force of introducing the intake element into the embankment, the mass of the pick-up and the rolling resistance coefficients of the running wheels of the pick-up and transport sections. The length of the unloading conveyor of the machine is determined by the reserve zone to prevent wheels from hitting the tubers, their maximum difference in the embankment, the height of the layer, as well as the angle of inclination of the unloading conveyor. The width of the conveyor belt for unloading products from storage is determined by the values of the coefficient of friction of root crops on the surface of the belt, the coefficient of working time utilization and the forward speed of the conveyor belt. After removing the collapsed mass of tubers, the line of crumbling slopes and the limiting equilibrium are a straight line, characterized by an empirical equation for determining the coordinates of the tuber collapse point, the height of the tuber layer and the embankment collapse coefficient. When the feeder tubers are introduced into the surface of the embankment, the formation of slopes occurs in four stages: the formation of a natural slope, a limiting equilibrium slope, a shedding slope and a product collapse slope.
{"title":"THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE CONVEYOR FOR UNLOADING VEGETABLE ROOT CROPS AND POTATO TUBERS FROM STORAGE","authors":"A. Dorohov, A. Sibirev, Aleksandr Aksenov, M. Mosyakov, N. Sazonov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-48-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-48-53","url":null,"abstract":"The need to develop specialized machines and equipment for laboratory and field research on potato breeding is due to the fact that the methodology of breeding processes and the first stages of seed production involves comparing many plants of different origins and selecting the best for further work up to the creation of a new variety or transfer of seeds for propagation in production conditions. The large variability of machines for unloading vegetables and potatoes does not adequately prevent damage to vegetable and potato products, which is due to the imperfect design of such machines, including the imperfection or absence of patterns of automated control of the technological process of work and justification of the parameters of their working parts. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the conveyor for unloading vegetable crops and potatoes into storage and to determine the patterns of formation of the control signal of the transfer function of automatic control of operation. The power required to move the pick-up depends on the maximum pressure force of introducing the intake element into the embankment, the mass of the pick-up and the rolling resistance coefficients of the running wheels of the pick-up and transport sections. The length of the unloading conveyor of the machine is determined by the reserve zone to prevent wheels from hitting the tubers, their maximum difference in the embankment, the height of the layer, as well as the angle of inclination of the unloading conveyor. The width of the conveyor belt for unloading products from storage is determined by the values of the coefficient of friction of root crops on the surface of the belt, the coefficient of working time utilization and the forward speed of the conveyor belt. After removing the collapsed mass of tubers, the line of crumbling slopes and the limiting equilibrium are a straight line, characterized by an empirical equation for determining the coordinates of the tuber collapse point, the height of the tuber layer and the embankment collapse coefficient. When the feeder tubers are introduced into the surface of the embankment, the formation of slopes occurs in four stages: the formation of a natural slope, a limiting equilibrium slope, a shedding slope and a product collapse slope.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-34-41
Aleksey Vasilev, A. Vasil'ev, Dmitriy A. Budnikov, Yuriy Sobchenko
The studies were carried out to simulate the distribution of the electromagnetic field to assess the efficiency of three types of emitters according to the following parameters: standing wave coefficient, which makes it possible to compare the consistency of emitters; radiation efficiency, showing the amount of energy transferred to the grain layer; microwave field radiation pattern, which allows one to evaluate the uniformity of the field distribution in the grain layer. For evaluation and comparison, three types of waveguides were considered: horn, rectangular with slot emitters; semicircular with slot emitters. The distribution of the electromagnetic field was modeled using the CST Microwave Studio program. The use of horn waveguides in ultra-high-frequency convective installations makes it possible to produce fairly simple devices for grain processing. The standing wave coefficient for the operating frequency in this case is 1.3, with a radiation efficiency of 78 dB. However, they do not ensure uniform distribution of the ultrahigh frequency field at the exit from the waveguide, which affects the efficiency of grain processing. The use of rectangular waveguides 55 mm × 110 mm with slot emitters ensures more uniform radiation of the electromagnetic field across the entire spectrum of wave types. The standing wave ratio is 1.0 and the radiation efficiency is 94.43 dB. However, their use requires additional design developments to ensure the supply of coolant to the processing zone. Semicircular waveguides with slot emitters provide a standing wave ratio of 1.0 over the entire frequency range from 2 to 3 GHz. Radiation efficiency is 94.28 dB. The uniformity of the electromagnetic field distribution along a semicircular waveguide is better than along a rectangular one.
{"title":"RADIANTS FOR MICROWAVE - CONVECTIVE INSTALLATIONS. SIMULATION RESULTS","authors":"Aleksey Vasilev, A. Vasil'ev, Dmitriy A. Budnikov, Yuriy Sobchenko","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-34-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-34-41","url":null,"abstract":"The studies were carried out to simulate the distribution of the electromagnetic field to assess the efficiency of three types of emitters according to the following parameters: standing wave coefficient, which makes it possible to compare the consistency of emitters; radiation efficiency, showing the amount of energy transferred to the grain layer; microwave field radiation pattern, which allows one to evaluate the uniformity of the field distribution in the grain layer. For evaluation and comparison, three types of waveguides were considered: horn, rectangular with slot emitters; semicircular with slot emitters. The distribution of the electromagnetic field was modeled using the CST Microwave Studio program. The use of horn waveguides in ultra-high-frequency convective installations makes it possible to produce fairly simple devices for grain processing. The standing wave coefficient for the operating frequency in this case is 1.3, with a radiation efficiency of 78 dB. However, they do not ensure uniform distribution of the ultrahigh frequency field at the exit from the waveguide, which affects the efficiency of grain processing. The use of rectangular waveguides 55 mm × 110 mm with slot emitters ensures more uniform radiation of the electromagnetic field across the entire spectrum of wave types. The standing wave ratio is 1.0 and the radiation efficiency is 94.43 dB. However, their use requires additional design developments to ensure the supply of coolant to the processing zone. Semicircular waveguides with slot emitters provide a standing wave ratio of 1.0 over the entire frequency range from 2 to 3 GHz. Radiation efficiency is 94.28 dB. The uniformity of the electromagnetic field distribution along a semicircular waveguide is better than along a rectangular one.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-139-145
E. Chimitdorzhieva, Dylgyr Garmaev, Taisiya Bardahanova, O. Sanzhina, E. Vanchikova
Changes in the number of livestock in the regions of the Russian Federation are uneven; according to Rosstat, in 2021 the number of livestock increased compared to 1991 only in three republics - Dagestan, Tyva and Altai. In the process of studying the dynamics of livestock in the regions of the Russian Federation, an assessment was made of the influence on the region's place in the Russian Federation in terms of livestock in 2021 of various factors such as: the number of livestock in the region in 1991 (starting conditions); livestock growth rate; distribution of livestock by farm categories; ranking of regions by socio-economic status and quality of life. The ranking position of the Russian region in terms of total livestock in 2021 is largely unchanged compared to 1991, with the exception of its position, distributed according to the growth rate of livestock in the region. The distribution of livestock by farm category does not have a significant impact on the total number of livestock in the region. However, the study showed that in such categories of farms as agricultural organizations and households, the growth rate of livestock is higher, the higher the position of the region in terms of livestock in the corresponding category of farms. In the process of studying socio-economic factors on changes in livestock numbers in the region, it was revealed that the development of the livestock industry in the regions is not the basis for the well-being of the territory. When assessing the relationship between the number of livestock and the quality of life of the population, it was revealed that the growth of livestock occurs in regions not with the highest level of economic well-being.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE DYNAMICS OF LIVESTOCK DISTRIBUTION BY REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION","authors":"E. Chimitdorzhieva, Dylgyr Garmaev, Taisiya Bardahanova, O. Sanzhina, E. Vanchikova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-139-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-139-145","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the number of livestock in the regions of the Russian Federation are uneven; according to Rosstat, in 2021 the number of livestock increased compared to 1991 only in three republics - Dagestan, Tyva and Altai. In the process of studying the dynamics of livestock in the regions of the Russian Federation, an assessment was made of the influence on the region's place in the Russian Federation in terms of livestock in 2021 of various factors such as: the number of livestock in the region in 1991 (starting conditions); livestock growth rate; distribution of livestock by farm categories; ranking of regions by socio-economic status and quality of life. The ranking position of the Russian region in terms of total livestock in 2021 is largely unchanged compared to 1991, with the exception of its position, distributed according to the growth rate of livestock in the region. The distribution of livestock by farm category does not have a significant impact on the total number of livestock in the region. However, the study showed that in such categories of farms as agricultural organizations and households, the growth rate of livestock is higher, the higher the position of the region in terms of livestock in the corresponding category of farms. In the process of studying socio-economic factors on changes in livestock numbers in the region, it was revealed that the development of the livestock industry in the regions is not the basis for the well-being of the territory. When assessing the relationship between the number of livestock and the quality of life of the population, it was revealed that the growth of livestock occurs in regions not with the highest level of economic well-being.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 82","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-54-60
S. Mudarisov, I. Farkhutdinov, Vener Imangulov, Vladislav Podolyakin, R. Nasyrov
An integral part of technological operations in agriculture during sowing, harvesting, transportation and post-harvest processing is the impact of the working parts of machines on crop seeds. To increase the efficiency of machines and reduce seed injury, it is necessary to improve the design and technological parameters of the working units. Currently, the most promising method for theoretically substantiating the parameters of machines working with seeds and improving their design is modeling using the discrete element method. The study is carried out to substantiate the parameters of the contact model of discrete elements when modeling pea seeds. The parameters of the contact model were justified based on the results of testing on the angle of slope and arch when pouring seeds. To analyze the angle of repose and vault, a transparent rectangular container was used, when seeds were poured out of the upper part of which, the remaining seeds formed the angle of the vault, and the crumbled ones formed the angle of repose. Evaluation of the coefficients of the regression equations for changes in the angles of the arch and slope when shedding seeds in a container from the parameters of the selected contact linear viscoelastic model made it possible to establish a significant parameter - the coefficient of dynamic friction between particles. The nature of the change in the angle of repose of pea seeds from moisture is identical to the change in this angle for particles modeled by the discrete element method, with their recovery coefficient v = 0.2 and the coefficient of dynamic friction between them fd = 0.15...0.17. The dependences of the angle of repose on the moisture content of pea seeds and the coefficient of dynamic friction between particles obtained during the implementation of experiments represent a nomogram for choosing the coefficient of dynamic friction between particles fd for a contact linear viscoelastic model depending on the moisture content of pea seeds when modeling using the discrete element method.
在播种、收获、运输和收获后加工过程中，农业技术操作的一个组成部分是机器工作部件对作物种子的影响。为了提高机器的效率，减少对种子的伤害，有必要改进工作装置的设计和技术参数。目前，从理论上证实与种子有关的机器参数并改进其设计的最有前途的方法是使用离散元件法建模。本研究旨在对豌豆种子建模时的离散元接触模型参数进行论证。接触模型的参数是根据浇注种子时的倾斜角和拱度测试结果确定的。为了分析倾斜角和拱顶角，使用了一个透明的矩形容器，当种子从容器上部倒出时，剩余的种子形成拱顶角，破碎的种子形成倾斜角。根据选定的接触线性粘弹性模型参数，对容器中种子脱落时拱顶角和斜坡角变化的回归方程系数进行评估，从而确定了一个重要参数--颗粒间的动态摩擦系数。豌豆种子受潮后的恢复角变化性质与用离散元素法建模的颗粒的恢复角变化性质相同，其恢复系数 v = 0.2，颗粒间的动摩擦系数 fd = 0.15...0.17。在实验过程中获得的豌豆种子恢复角与豌豆种子含水量和颗粒间动摩擦系数的关系，代表了在使用离散元件法建模时，根据豌豆种子含水量为接触线性粘弹性模型选择颗粒间动摩擦系数 fd 的提名图。
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE AND SELECTION OF CONTACT MODEL PARAMETERS WHEN SIMULATING PEAS SEEDS USING THE DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD","authors":"S. Mudarisov, I. Farkhutdinov, Vener Imangulov, Vladislav Podolyakin, R. Nasyrov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-54-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-54-60","url":null,"abstract":"An integral part of technological operations in agriculture during sowing, harvesting, transportation and post-harvest processing is the impact of the working parts of machines on crop seeds. To increase the efficiency of machines and reduce seed injury, it is necessary to improve the design and technological parameters of the working units. Currently, the most promising method for theoretically substantiating the parameters of machines working with seeds and improving their design is modeling using the discrete element method. The study is carried out to substantiate the parameters of the contact model of discrete elements when modeling pea seeds. The parameters of the contact model were justified based on the results of testing on the angle of slope and arch when pouring seeds. To analyze the angle of repose and vault, a transparent rectangular container was used, when seeds were poured out of the upper part of which, the remaining seeds formed the angle of the vault, and the crumbled ones formed the angle of repose. Evaluation of the coefficients of the regression equations for changes in the angles of the arch and slope when shedding seeds in a container from the parameters of the selected contact linear viscoelastic model made it possible to establish a significant parameter - the coefficient of dynamic friction between particles. The nature of the change in the angle of repose of pea seeds from moisture is identical to the change in this angle for particles modeled by the discrete element method, with their recovery coefficient v = 0.2 and the coefficient of dynamic friction between them fd = 0.15...0.17. The dependences of the angle of repose on the moisture content of pea seeds and the coefficient of dynamic friction between particles obtained during the implementation of experiments represent a nomogram for choosing the coefficient of dynamic friction between particles fd for a contact linear viscoelastic model depending on the moisture content of pea seeds when modeling using the discrete element method.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-152-157
Olga Isaeva
The formation of an effective competitive agricultural production, which is based on a combination of various forms of agricultural management, is largely ensured by the creation of adequate and comfortable conditions for managing each of the forms of agribusiness. The existing shortcomings of the agrarian policy in terms of weak adaptability to new economic conditions, the bias of state support towards large agribusiness, etc. require measures to improve its organizational and economic elements. To solve this issue, it is necessary to work out methodological approaches to the development of an organizational and economic mechanism for the adaptation of agribusiness entities to new economic conditions, as the basis of modern agricultural policy of the state. A systematic approach to the construction of the mechanism implies the consistency and interdependence of its elements: from the definition of targets for the development of the agricultural sector to the implementation of measures and directions for their achievement at all levels of public administration in compliance with a number of principles. The main ones are: an integrated approach, parity of interests and adaptability of agricultural structures, innovation and potential of farms. When choosing directions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of adaptation, it is advisable to determine not only the resource (financial) capabilities of authorities at all levels, but also the restrictive parameters of the development of institutional structures of the agricultural sector of the economy. Namely: the level of technological development of the country’s economy and individual industries, the economic and political course of the state, the availability of equal access of agricultural entities to information, financial, technical and other resources, the degree of trust between business and government agencies, innovative approach in management methods, etc.
{"title":"ARCHITECTONICS OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF ADAPTATION OF VARIOUS FORMS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TO NEW TECHNOLOGICAL MODES AND INTEGRATION PROCESSES","authors":"Olga Isaeva","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-152-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-152-157","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of an effective competitive agricultural production, which is based on a combination of various forms of agricultural management, is largely ensured by the creation of adequate and comfortable conditions for managing each of the forms of agribusiness. The existing shortcomings of the agrarian policy in terms of weak adaptability to new economic conditions, the bias of state support towards large agribusiness, etc. require measures to improve its organizational and economic elements. To solve this issue, it is necessary to work out methodological approaches to the development of an organizational and economic mechanism for the adaptation of agribusiness entities to new economic conditions, as the basis of modern agricultural policy of the state. A systematic approach to the construction of the mechanism implies the consistency and interdependence of its elements: from the definition of targets for the development of the agricultural sector to the implementation of measures and directions for their achievement at all levels of public administration in compliance with a number of principles. The main ones are: an integrated approach, parity of interests and adaptability of agricultural structures, innovation and potential of farms. When choosing directions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of adaptation, it is advisable to determine not only the resource (financial) capabilities of authorities at all levels, but also the restrictive parameters of the development of institutional structures of the agricultural sector of the economy. Namely: the level of technological development of the country’s economy and individual industries, the economic and political course of the state, the availability of equal access of agricultural entities to information, financial, technical and other resources, the degree of trust between business and government agencies, innovative approach in management methods, etc.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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