Voprosy meditsinskoi khimii最新文献

The influence of co-administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis) and alpha-(+) beta-adrenergic antagonists under conditions of acute hypobaric hypoxia or pretreatment with epithalamin on cyclic nucleotide content in the pineal gland of juvenile male albino rats was investigated. Acute hypoxia was accompanied by increase of pineal level of cyclic nucleotides and administration of adrenoreceptor antagonists attenuated this effect. Pretreatment of animals with adrenoreceptor antagonists did not influence the effect of acute hypobaric hypoxia on pineal cyclic nucleotide content. This suggests involvement of non-adrenergic mechanisms into augmentation of pineal cyclic nucleotide level. Administration of epithalamin caused an increase of pineal cGMP. Administration of epithalamin to rats pretreated with adrenoreceptor antagonists increased pineal cGMP and to a lesser extent cAMP content. The latter suggests that epithalamin effect was not mediated via sympathetic innervation. It is concluded that non-adrenergic innervation and humoral regulatory mechanisms are obviously involved into activation of pineal gland under conditions of acute stress.

The influence of melatonin application on wounds healing and biochemical composition of rat regenerating granulation tissue was studied. Melatonin decreased healing rate of wounds. The differences in electrophoretic pattern of proteins extracted by neutral saline solutions were detected. Melatonin increased quantity of neutral soluble collagen fraction and gene expression of minor types of collagen in normal skin. Spectrum of glycosaminoglycans' was changed, and earlier increase of chondroitinsulfats induced by administration of melatonin was observed.

The lymphocyte membrane fluidity, membrane potential, isoenzyme spectrum of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catabolic product level of blood cell receptors in rats, healthy volunteers and patients with ovary and skin tumors were studied under the influence of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF). The increase of fluidity of rat blood lymphocyte membranes was observed at 20 and 40 min exposure of the lymphocyte suspension to EMF. The increase of ANS fluorescence observed after 20 min exposure to EMF suggested a decrease of cell membrane potential. EMF exerted opposite changes of lymphocyte membrane fluidity of healthy volunteers and the effect depended on the initial level of this parameter. Study of SOD isoenzyme spectrum revealed that Cu,Zn-dependent SOD can account for the superoxide dismutase catalytic activity of supernatant and lymphocytes. The EMF exposure for 20 min caused 2-fold increase of SOD activity. The EMF exposure for 40 min caused the further increase of SOD activity but only in lymphocytes. At the same time the EMF exposure did not influence the actual SOD-activity in erythrocytes. However, there was clear anti-R-reagent-sensitive SOD-activity which was not abolished by DDC. The reasons and possible consequences of these changes of feuidity and SOD-activity under EMF effect are discussed.

The intensity of neuronal uptake of 3H- or 14C-labeled GABA, glycine, noradrenaline, choline and glucocorticoid receptor binding were investigated in different structures of the rabbit CNS by simulating chronic pain syndrome. Data obtained allow to suggest pathogenetically justified therapy including the complexes of phenybute + atropine and relanium + atropine. The contents of Leu-Enkephaline, cortisol, insuline and insuline/cortizole ratio were studied in the blood serum of the patients with neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis and a long case history of the pain treated by the above mentioned complexes. The proposed therapeutical approach allowed to achieve pronounced antistress effect and regression of the pain syndrome due to stimulation of the CNS endogenic antinociceptive structures. It was shown that stress-produced hormones and opioids ratio in the blood serum may serveas indirect criteria of the functional activity of the endogenic antinociceptive structures before and after the treatment.

The review is devoted to modification of lipoproteins (Lp) connected with various biological processes. Possible mechanisms of Lp oxidation and the nature of oxidants involved in to these processes are considered. Specific attention is paid to the participation of proteolytic enzymes in modification of Lp.

Acute and subacute administration of tetrindol resulted in pharmacological effects and biochemical changes which can be attributed to manifestations of toxic effect and activation of the detoxication systems.

Cytosolic and particulate monoamine oxidases have been isolated. Cytosolic preparation was free from mitochondrial and microsomal contaminations and also ribosome-bound MAO molecules. Cytosolic MAO had higher affinity for phenylethylamine and exhibited higher sensitivity to acetylenic inhibitors than the mitochondrial enzyme.

Based on the analysis of the dependence of 4-pyridoxic acid urinary excretion from pyridoxal-5'-phosphate blood plasma level and its statistic distribution it has been shown that vitamin B-6 metabolism in children suffering from phenylketonuria and therefore the criteria of the body saturation with this vitamin differ from those for healthy people. Increased pyridoxal-5'-phosphate blood plasma level has been demonstrated for PKU children. The concentration of 11 ng/ml should be considered as a bottom border of the adequate supply with vitamin B-6. The elevated vitamin B-2 intake approximates vitamin B-6 status indexes of sick children to those usually measured in healthy children. The necessity for the reevaluation of vitamin B-2 and B-6 optimal diet content under this disease and its biochemical validation are discussed.

A method of isolation of native nucleorprotein complexes from cattle cerebral cortex, thymus, and liver was developed. Compositions of these complexes were studied by means of gel-chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. These preparations were shown to consist of several fractions of proteins and their complexes differ by molecular mass and electro-chemical properties. Native nucleoprotein complexes revealed high tissue specific activity, which was not species-specific.