The present study aims to investigate the human thermal stress with respect to the synoptic scale circulation over the metropolitan city of Athens in Greece. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was applied in order to assess the levels of thermal stress employing three-hour meteorological data for four stations of the urban complex for a ten-year period (2006-2015). The patterns of the synoptic atmospheric circulation were classified in eight distinct categories based on a clustering scheme. The obtained results in summer reveal low UTCI values on days that are associated with a cyclonic pattern or a cold advection from the northwest or north. On the contrary, the days with an anticyclonic pattern show high UTCI values. During winter, low UTCI values are observed on days that are associated with a pure cyclonic pattern, a prevailing northern flow and a strong cold air advection from the northwest or north. During nighttime, high UTCI values are noted on days with south-westerly flow. However, this is not observed during daytime and especially around midday. The analysis also shows that the position of the station affects the levels of thermal stress for the same synoptic category.
{"title":"Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and synoptic circulation patterns over the metropolitan city of Athens, Greece","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002556","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate the human thermal stress with respect to the synoptic scale circulation over the metropolitan city of Athens in Greece. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was applied in order to assess the levels of thermal stress employing three-hour meteorological data for four stations of the urban complex for a ten-year period (2006-2015). The patterns of the synoptic atmospheric circulation were classified in eight distinct categories based on a clustering scheme. The obtained results in summer reveal low UTCI values on days that are associated with a cyclonic pattern or a cold advection from the northwest or north. On the contrary, the days with an anticyclonic pattern show high UTCI values. During winter, low UTCI values are observed on days that are associated with a pure cyclonic pattern, a prevailing northern flow and a strong cold air advection from the northwest or north. During nighttime, high UTCI values are noted on days with south-westerly flow. However, this is not observed during daytime and especially around midday. The analysis also shows that the position of the station affects the levels of thermal stress for the same synoptic category. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88809488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Jordan and as in many other Mediterranean countries olive oil production is one of the major agricultural production, it is estimated that the annual production of olive oil in Jordan approximately 21.5 thousand tons per year. O the other hand the process of olive oil extraction generates around 200,000 m3 of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and it is considered as a a serious problem in. In this study the real sample of wastewater is collected from the outlet at the mill near by the university campus. The analysis of this collected wastewater has shown a very high Chemical Oxygen Demand COD (253.648 kg/l) and Bilogical Oxygen Demand, BOD (89.365kg/l). These high BOD and COD reveals a real need to treat it before sent to municipal sewage. The study also focuses on reducing an organ phenol component which has been measured and found equal to 0.5698mg/l. The use of Ferric Oxide in the form of nanoparticles was successfully used to oxide organic phenols from olive mill wastewater (OMW) and has reduced to 0.002 mg/l. The results show that 0.1g of Ferric Oxide in the form of nanoparticles when mixed with sand has the capacity to remove the phenols from the collected samples. The removal percentage obtained here reached 97%. When the mixture of ferric nanoparticles used with sand in a ratio of 0.1 g Fe2O3and 1 kg of sand, the removal capacity of organic phenols has reached to 99%, and COD () in percentage of 97.2%. The results show an interesting behavior towards other minerals that exists in solution, that ferric nanoparticles have a good capacity to remove Cr+3Cu+3 K+Ca+2Na+.minerals exist in wastewater.
在约旦和许多其他地中海国家一样，橄榄油的生产是主要的农业生产之一，据估计，约旦每年的橄榄油产量约为21.5万吨。另一方面，橄榄油的提取过程产生约20万立方米的橄榄厂废水(OMW)，这被认为是一个严重的问题。在这项研究中，真实的废水样本是从大学校园附近的工厂出口收集的。经分析，该废水具有较高的化学需氧量COD (253.648 kg/l)和生物需氧量BOD (89.365kg/l)。这些高的BOD和COD显示出在排放到城市污水之前确实需要对其进行处理。该研究还侧重于减少一种器官酚成分，该成分已被测量并发现等于0.5698毫克/升。以纳米颗粒形式使用氧化铁成功地氧化了橄榄厂废水(OMW)中的有机酚，并将其降至0.002 mg/l。结果表明，0.1g的氧化铁以纳米颗粒的形式与沙子混合后，具有去除样品中酚类的能力。得到的去除率达97%。以0.1 g fe2o3与1 kg沙子的比例混合使用铁纳米颗粒时，有机酚的去除率达到99%，COD()的去除率达到97.2%。结果表明，铁纳米粒子对溶液中存在的其他矿物具有很好的去除Cr+3Cu+ 3k +Ca+2Na+的能力。废水中存在矿物质。
{"title":"Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) Treatment by Using Ferric Oxide Dephenolization and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal","authors":"Al-Shaweesh, Al-Kabariti, Al-Zawaidah","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002650","url":null,"abstract":"In Jordan and as in many other Mediterranean countries olive oil production is one of the major agricultural production, it is estimated that the annual production of olive oil in Jordan approximately 21.5 thousand tons per year. O the other hand the process of olive oil extraction generates around 200,000 m3 of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and it is considered as a a serious problem in. In this study the real sample of wastewater is collected from the outlet at the mill near by the university campus. The analysis of this collected wastewater has shown a very high Chemical Oxygen Demand COD (253.648 kg/l) and Bilogical Oxygen Demand, BOD (89.365kg/l). These high BOD and COD reveals a real need to treat it before sent to municipal sewage. The study also focuses on reducing an organ phenol component which has been measured and found equal to 0.5698mg/l. The use of Ferric Oxide in the form of nanoparticles was successfully used to oxide organic phenols from olive mill wastewater (OMW) and has reduced to 0.002 mg/l. The results show that 0.1g of Ferric Oxide in the form of nanoparticles when mixed with sand has the capacity to remove the phenols from the collected samples. The removal percentage obtained here reached 97%. When the mixture of ferric nanoparticles used with sand in a ratio of 0.1 g Fe2O3and 1 kg of sand, the removal capacity of organic phenols has reached to 99%, and COD () in percentage of 97.2%. The results show an interesting behavior towards other minerals that exists in solution, that ferric nanoparticles have a good capacity to remove Cr+3Cu+3 K+Ca+2Na+.minerals exist in wastewater. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87273024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Al-Shahrani, E. Al-Abbad, G. Al-Mazaideh, A. Hosseini-Bandegharaei
Removal of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions using chitosan-vanillin (polymer I) and chitosan-ortho-vanillin (polymer II) adsorbents has been investigated under different experimental conditions. The effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, temperature, and initial concentration of studied ion on the sorption process has been studied using batch experiments. The quantity of residual ion has been estimated via atomic absorption spectrometry. The highest removal of Co(II) ions has been achieved at pH 4 with a maximum removal of 93.2% of ions after two hours of agitation. Langmuir isotherm model represents the best fit for the experimental data; whereas the highest chelation capacity was 5.899 mg g-1 and 7.651 mg g-1 for polymers I and II, respectively. Results from this study imply that chemisorption is the rate-determining step and thermodynamic parameters indicate that the uptake process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature.
{"title":"Sorption of Cobalt (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Chemically Modified Chitosan","authors":"Al-Shahrani, E. Al-Abbad, G. Al-Mazaideh, A. Hosseini-Bandegharaei","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002804","url":null,"abstract":"Removal of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions using chitosan-vanillin (polymer I) and chitosan-ortho-vanillin (polymer II) adsorbents has been investigated under different experimental conditions. The effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, temperature, and initial concentration of studied ion on the sorption process has been studied using batch experiments. The quantity of residual ion has been estimated via atomic absorption spectrometry. The highest removal of Co(II) ions has been achieved at pH 4 with a maximum removal of 93.2% of ions after two hours of agitation. Langmuir isotherm model represents the best fit for the experimental data; whereas the highest chelation capacity was 5.899 mg g-1 and 7.651 mg g-1 for polymers I and II, respectively. Results from this study imply that chemisorption is the rate-determining step and thermodynamic parameters indicate that the uptake process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85667284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study systematically and comprehensively reviewed different aspects of treating Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) with active treatment and waste materials. The work also critically reviews the status and the factors associated with the treatment process. Although, conventional active methods are very efficient but they are mainly associated with costly material as well as high maintenance cost which enhances the cost of entire treatment system. Waste materials such as fly ash, metallurgical slag, zero valent iron (ZVI), cement kiln dust (CKD), organic waste such as peat humic agent (PHA) and rice husk can be efficiently used for the treatment of AMD. However, efficiency of different waste material varied from each other due to the variation in their physical and chemical characteristics. The results from the investigation showed that fly ash, metallurgical slag and CKD raise the pH of acidic solution more, in comparison to ZVI and organic waste, due to their richness in lime content. Furthermore, fly ash can be efficiently converted and utilized in its other derivative such as chemically modified fly ash and zeolite. Efficiency of ZVI is hindered by the presence of higher concentration of total dissolved solids. PHA can treat AMD that is mild acidic in nature. Besides, long retention time is required for the removal of heavy metals and sulfur with organic waste and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The study also potentially reviewed that metal removal from AMD varied due to composition of AMD and the characteristics of waste materials. However, waste materials demand more attention for its practical applicability in field conditions due to its richness, higher possibility for recycling and reuse, low installation cost and harmless nature towards the environment.
{"title":"Review on Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage with Waste Materials: A Novel Approach","authors":"Sukla Saha, A. Sinha","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002610","url":null,"abstract":"The present study systematically and comprehensively reviewed different aspects of treating Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) with active treatment and waste materials. The work also critically reviews the status and the factors associated with the treatment process. Although, conventional active methods are very efficient but they are mainly associated with costly material as well as high maintenance cost which enhances the cost of entire treatment system. Waste materials such as fly ash, metallurgical slag, zero valent iron (ZVI), cement kiln dust (CKD), organic waste such as peat humic agent (PHA) and rice husk can be efficiently used for the treatment of AMD. However, efficiency of different waste material varied from each other due to the variation in their physical and chemical characteristics. The results from the investigation showed that fly ash, metallurgical slag and CKD raise the pH of acidic solution more, in comparison to ZVI and organic waste, due to their richness in lime content. Furthermore, fly ash can be efficiently converted and utilized in its other derivative such as chemically modified fly ash and zeolite. Efficiency of ZVI is hindered by the presence of higher concentration of total dissolved solids. PHA can treat AMD that is mild acidic in nature. Besides, long retention time is required for the removal of heavy metals and sulfur with organic waste and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The study also potentially reviewed that metal removal from AMD varied due to composition of AMD and the characteristics of waste materials. However, waste materials demand more attention for its practical applicability in field conditions due to its richness, higher possibility for recycling and reuse, low installation cost and harmless nature towards the environment. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91477049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honey is one of the most valuable foods in terms of its antioxidant nature and antioxidant activity. In this study, their botanic origins, total flavonoid content, total phenol content, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA) (in terms of SC50 (µg mL-1)), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), metal-chelating activity (MCA) (%) and heavy metal amounts were examined to determine the qualities of honey samples that gathered from Giresun city of Black Sea region in Turkey. According to the melissopalynological analysis, the botanic origins of the samples are Castanea sativa (Chestnut) Miller and uni-floral. The HPSA, FRAP, DPPH, MCA (%), total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found between 251.99±0.48-258.64±1.22 µg mL-1, 71.34±0.09-73.71±0.20 %, 584.86±0.06-595.04±0.29 µg mL-1, 36.73±0.00-36.86±0.09 %, 93.82±1.05-173.15±2.46 mg GAE 100 g-1 and 5.51±0.19-8.29±0.05 mg CAE/100 g, respectively. For comparison of these results, Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and α-Tocopherol (TOC) were used as standard antioxidant compounds. In addition, it was observed that honey samples were been contaminated with most of the heavy metals (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, and Zn) to a lesser or greater extent, whereas others (Te, Tl, and U) were never detected in these samples. However, Cd and Cs were detected only in one sample and Pb in another sample Finally, the results indicate that although honey is an important source of nutrients, nevertheless it could be affected by environmental pollution.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activities and Heavy Metal Contents of Castanea Sativa Honey","authors":"K. Temizerİ.","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002628","url":null,"abstract":"Honey is one of the most valuable foods in terms of its antioxidant nature and antioxidant activity. In this study, their botanic origins, total flavonoid content, total phenol content, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA) (in terms of SC50 (µg mL-1)), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), metal-chelating activity (MCA) (%) and heavy metal amounts were examined to determine the qualities of honey samples that gathered from Giresun city of Black Sea region in Turkey. According to the melissopalynological analysis, the botanic origins of the samples are Castanea sativa (Chestnut) Miller and uni-floral. The HPSA, FRAP, DPPH, MCA (%), total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found between 251.99±0.48-258.64±1.22 µg mL-1, 71.34±0.09-73.71±0.20 %, 584.86±0.06-595.04±0.29 µg mL-1, 36.73±0.00-36.86±0.09 %, 93.82±1.05-173.15±2.46 mg GAE 100 g-1 and 5.51±0.19-8.29±0.05 mg CAE/100 g, respectively. For comparison of these results, Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and α-Tocopherol (TOC) were used as standard antioxidant compounds. In addition, it was observed that honey samples were been contaminated with most of the heavy metals (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, and Zn) to a lesser or greater extent, whereas others (Te, Tl, and U) were never detected in these samples. However, Cd and Cs were detected only in one sample and Pb in another sample Finally, the results indicate that although honey is an important source of nutrients, nevertheless it could be affected by environmental pollution. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81906756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is not only a vital natural resource but is also a social symbol that makes it a ‘total social fact’. ‘Hydroschizophrenia’ is a term that characterizes the present condition of the status of water and reflects a disconnection between water and society. Liberal environmentalism considers the environment as an economic good. The privatization of water invokes a wide range of reactions, social movements and protests. The primary concepts that underlie the movement against the privatization are the human right to water and water as a commons. These concepts are traced to the idea of the ancient ‘right of thirst’.
{"title":"The Right of Thirst: Water as a Human Right and as a Commons","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002551","url":null,"abstract":"Water is not only a vital natural resource but is also a social symbol that makes it a ‘total social fact’. ‘Hydroschizophrenia’ is a term that characterizes the present condition of the status of water and reflects a disconnection between water and society. Liberal environmentalism considers the environment as an economic good. The privatization of water invokes a wide range of reactions, social movements and protests. The primary concepts that underlie the movement against the privatization are the human right to water and water as a commons. These concepts are traced to the idea of the ancient ‘right of thirst’. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84442435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changji is an arid city in the north west of China which suffers from severe air pollution due to increasing vehicle use and heating with coal. Samples (TSP, PM10, PM5, PM2.5) were collected before and after several snow events, for revealing the snow scavenging effect and influencing mechanisms. The result indicated that the snow scavenging effect was obvious. The highest snow scavenging quantity and scavenging ratio is TSP, followed by PM10, PM5 and PM2.5. Snow scavenging quantity was dependent on the particulate diameter. Snow intensity, drying time and amount of snow influenced scavenging ratio, and snow intensity is the key influencing factor. Scavenging ratio increases with the increase of snow intensity. Higher snow intensity can reduce the selective scavenging of particulate diameters, the scavenging ratio of different particulate diameter will get close to each other. The lower snow intensity was, the higher selectivity was. Light snow will scavenge large particles obviously, but little for small particle.
{"title":"Scavenging of atmospheric particulates by snow in Changji, China","authors":"Y. Liu","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002548","url":null,"abstract":"Changji is an arid city in the north west of China which suffers from severe air pollution due to increasing vehicle use and heating with coal. Samples (TSP, PM10, PM5, PM2.5) were collected before and after several snow events, for revealing the snow scavenging effect and influencing mechanisms. The result indicated that the snow scavenging effect was obvious. The highest snow scavenging quantity and scavenging ratio is TSP, followed by PM10, PM5 and PM2.5. Snow scavenging quantity was dependent on the particulate diameter. Snow intensity, drying time and amount of snow influenced scavenging ratio, and snow intensity is the key influencing factor. Scavenging ratio increases with the increase of snow intensity. Higher snow intensity can reduce the selective scavenging of particulate diameters, the scavenging ratio of different particulate diameter will get close to each other. The lower snow intensity was, the higher selectivity was. Light snow will scavenge large particles obviously, but little for small particle. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78054194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehdi Qasemi, A. Hosseini-Bandegharaei, M. Afsharnia, A. Najafpoor, A. Ivanets, A. López‐Delgado, F. Alakhras, M. Shams
A facile strategy toward modification of aluminium filings (AF), a waste material from aluminium manufacturing industry, into a highly efficient adsorbent was examined. AF was simply treated with thermal modification to form a cheap adsorbent for Phosphorus (P) removal from aqueous solutions. The results showed that increasing the calcination temperature from 500 to 900 ˚C improved the P removal. P adsorption occurred quite fast and 70% of P removal observed in 15 minutes. Adsorption efficiency was increased by increasing pH, decreasing P initial concentration as well. The presence of coexisting anions, except HCO3-, showed a negligible effect on P adsorption by AF. Thermodynamic studies revealed that P adsorption onto AF was endothermic in nature. Kinetic modelling demonstrated that the adsorption rate was controlled by the chemisorption. The process also fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating that the process proceeds via monolayer coverage with 49.97 mg g-1 maximum monolayer capacity. Overall, in addition to beneficial environmental and economic aspects, the results demonstrated excellent adsorption characteristics which make thermally treated AF a promising adsorbent material for phosphorus removal from polluted streams.
{"title":"Thermally treated aluminium waste-filings, a low cost and efficient adsorbent for phosphorus removal from water","authors":"Mehdi Qasemi, A. Hosseini-Bandegharaei, M. Afsharnia, A. Najafpoor, A. Ivanets, A. López‐Delgado, F. Alakhras, M. Shams","doi":"10.30955/GNJ.002562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/GNJ.002562","url":null,"abstract":"A facile strategy toward modification of aluminium filings (AF), a waste material from aluminium manufacturing industry, into a highly efficient adsorbent was examined. AF was simply treated with thermal modification to form a cheap adsorbent for Phosphorus (P) removal from aqueous solutions. The results showed that increasing the calcination temperature from 500 to 900 ˚C improved the P removal. P adsorption occurred quite fast and 70% of P removal observed in 15 minutes. Adsorption efficiency was increased by increasing pH, decreasing P initial concentration as well. The presence of coexisting anions, except HCO3-, showed a negligible effect on P adsorption by AF. Thermodynamic studies revealed that P adsorption onto AF was endothermic in nature. Kinetic modelling demonstrated that the adsorption rate was controlled by the chemisorption. The process also fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating that the process proceeds via monolayer coverage with 49.97 mg g-1 maximum monolayer capacity. Overall, in addition to beneficial environmental and economic aspects, the results demonstrated excellent adsorption characteristics which make thermally treated AF a promising adsorbent material for phosphorus removal from polluted streams. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76296498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the usability of sewage sludge, waste from a waste water treatment facility, at the stable thermophilic temperature and different pH conditions in the biohydrogen production by dark fermentation. Without the addition of a pure hydrogen producer and nutrient source, the effect of a different constant pH in the range of pH 4-9 on biohydrogen production using sewage sludge was compared with that of a different initial pH. It was understood from the results that biohydrogen production varies according to the characterization of sewage sludge. In the experiments, the lag time was insignificant (~2h). The maximum hydrogen production was achieved at pH 5 within the first 24-30 hours of fermentation (92894 mL m-3 H2). Therefore, it was determined that the higher digestion efficiencies of the sewage sludge were obtained at pH 5. In general, with the increase in methanogens in the medium, the hydrogen producing ability and hydrogen content of the sewage sludge gradually decreased. Hydrogen production at almost all the pH values after the third day was less than 1000 mL m-3.
本研究考察了在稳定的嗜热温度和不同pH条件下，某污水处理厂废水污泥暗发酵产氢的可用性。在不添加纯产氢器和营养源的情况下，比较了pH 4 ~ 9范围内不同pH常数对污泥产氢的影响与不同初始pH对污泥产氢的影响。从结果可以看出，污泥的性质不同，产氢量也不同。在实验中，滞后时间不显著(~2h)。发酵前24-30小时pH为5时产氢量最大(92894 mL m-3 H2)。因此，确定在pH为5时污泥的消化效率较高。一般情况下，随着培养基中产甲烷菌的增加，污泥的产氢能力和含氢量逐渐降低。第3天后，几乎所有pH值下的产氢量都小于1000 mL m-3。
{"title":"Thermophilic Dark Fermentation of Sewage Sludge for Biohydrogen Production - Influence of pH","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002711","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the usability of sewage sludge, waste from a waste water treatment facility, at the stable thermophilic temperature and different pH conditions in the biohydrogen production by dark fermentation. Without the addition of a pure hydrogen producer and nutrient source, the effect of a different constant pH in the range of pH 4-9 on biohydrogen production using sewage sludge was compared with that of a different initial pH. It was understood from the results that biohydrogen production varies according to the characterization of sewage sludge. In the experiments, the lag time was insignificant (~2h). The maximum hydrogen production was achieved at pH 5 within the first 24-30 hours of fermentation (92894 mL m-3 H2). Therefore, it was determined that the higher digestion efficiencies of the sewage sludge were obtained at pH 5. In general, with the increase in methanogens in the medium, the hydrogen producing ability and hydrogen content of the sewage sludge gradually decreased. Hydrogen production at almost all the pH values after the third day was less than 1000 mL m-3. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77914499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticide production and application have progressively increased worldwide during recent decades. Among these compounds, imidacloprid (IMD) is a widely used insecticide in agriculture, and more particularly to control sucking insects in crops. The aim of this work is to develop rapid, simple and sufficiently sensitive cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) for the detection and quantification of this insecticide in water and agriculture samples. Pretreated glassy carbon electrode (PGC) was employed as working electrode. Aqueous solutions were prepared with Confidor 200-SL commercial formulation of IMD. Each voltammogram was characterized by a well-defined single irreversible cathodic peak at approximately -1.38 V/SCE. The electrode reaction is mainly a diffusion controlled process. The optimization of experimental parameters such as IMD initial concentration, potential scan rate, pH and temperature was carried out by CV, and then a comparative study was conducted by SWV. For the detection and quantification of IMD, the results obtained by SWV showed higher sensibility and accuracy than that by CV. The developed methods were successfully used to determine IMD in real samples, namely plum and peach juice.
{"title":"Determination of ultra-trace amounts of neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid by cyclic and square wave voltammetric methods using pretreated glassy carbon electrode","authors":"Ben Brahim","doi":"10.30955/gnj.002509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002509","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide production and application have progressively increased worldwide during recent decades. Among these compounds, imidacloprid (IMD) is a widely used insecticide in agriculture, and more particularly to control sucking insects in crops. The aim of this work is to develop rapid, simple and sufficiently sensitive cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) for the detection and quantification of this insecticide in water and agriculture samples. Pretreated glassy carbon electrode (PGC) was employed as working electrode. Aqueous solutions were prepared with Confidor 200-SL commercial formulation of IMD. Each voltammogram was characterized by a well-defined single irreversible cathodic peak at approximately -1.38 V/SCE. The electrode reaction is mainly a diffusion controlled process. The optimization of experimental parameters such as IMD initial concentration, potential scan rate, pH and temperature was carried out by CV, and then a comparative study was conducted by SWV. For the detection and quantification of IMD, the results obtained by SWV showed higher sensibility and accuracy than that by CV. The developed methods were successfully used to determine IMD in real samples, namely plum and peach juice. \u0000","PeriodicalId":23539,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1, Issue 3","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81560824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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