Volume 1, Issue 3最新文献

英文中文

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Online Lifelong Education Course Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders for Physicians in the Czech Republic: Study Protocol 捷克共和国医生预防和治疗物质使用障碍在线终身教育课程的综合评价:研究方案

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35198/01-2021-003-0004

引用次数: 2

Translational Research of Cannabidiol Treatment Effects in Addictions 大麻二酚治疗成瘾的转化研究

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35198/01-2021-003-0001

引用次数: 0

Study of Sensing Hazardous Insecticides - Molecule Adsorption on Pristine Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 检测有害杀虫剂的研究——原始单壁碳纳米管的分子吸附

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2019-09-24 DOI: 10.30799/jtfr.022.19030104

H. S. Kareem, H. F. Hanoon

Article history: Received 26 August 2019 Accepted 06 September 2019 Available online 24 September 2019 A computational study, density functional theory (DFT) have been applied on the adsorption of DDD, DDE and DDT molecules on (8,0) pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (PSWCNTs). The DDD, DDE and DDT molecules adsorption are aggressively favorable with adsorption energy (Eads) equal to -67.266, -58.776 and -52.245 eV respectively. In this study, the electronic properties analysis reveals that the physisorbed DDD, DDE and DDT are changing the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy gap and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of carbon nanotubes which have been reduced after interaction with these molecules from 0.519 eV to 0.356, 0.289 and 0.296 eV respectively. These three insecticide molecules make changes outside of the carbon nanotube to the set of energy molecule and thus nanotubes are obtained as conductive structure. As inference it reveals that the pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes can be a good sensor for the detection of DDD, DDE and DDT molecules.

一项计算研究，密度泛函理论(DFT)应用于(8,0)原始单壁碳纳米管(PSWCNTs)上DDD、DDE和DDT分子的吸附。DDD、DDE和DDT的吸附能(Eads)分别为-67.266、-58.776和-52.245 eV。本研究的电子性质分析表明，物理吸附的DDD、DDE和DDT使碳纳米管的最高已占据分子轨道(HOMO)能隙和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能隙分别从0.519 eV降低到0.356、0.289和0.296 eV。这三种杀虫剂分子在碳纳米管外发生变化，成为一组能量分子，从而获得导电结构的纳米管。作为推断，原始的单壁碳纳米管可以作为检测DDD、DDE和DDT分子的良好传感器。

引用次数: 0

D-π-A Organic Dye with Carbazole-Triphenylamine as Donor for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 以咔唑-三苯胺为供体的D-π-A有机染料染料敏化太阳能电池

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2019-09-23 DOI: 10.30799/jtfr.020.19030102

A. Naser, H. F. Hanoon

Article history: Received 27 August 2019 Accepted 05 September 2019 Available online 23 September 2019 Carbazole-triphenylamine-based dyes (MA and MA-B) are designed. These dyes were studied by DFT and TD-DFT methods using the B3LYP level with 6-31 G (d, p) on a group basis to verify their electronic structures, electronic optical properties and electronic absorption spectra as applied in Gaussian 09 program. For the case state (PDOS) of these dyes, the electron density of HOMO is present in the electron donation group and has also been extended to a conjugated bond. The electron density in LUMO is concentrated in a conjugated bond and in the pull of the electron clouds. The results showed that the best modified dye is MA-B based on the highest absorption in the visible spectrum of light. The calculated results of this dye show that this dye can be used as potential sensors for TiO2 crystalline solar cells.

文章历史:2019年8月27日接收2019年9月05日接受2019年9月23日在线提供2019年9月23日设计了卡巴唑-三苯胺染料(MA和MA- b)。在6-31 G (d, p)的B3LYP能级上对这些染料进行了DFT和TD-DFT研究，验证了它们的电子结构、电子光学性质和应用于高斯09程序的电子吸收光谱。对于这些染料的情况态(PDOS)， HOMO的电子密度存在于给电子基团中，并且也扩展到共轭键。LUMO中的电子密度集中在共轭键和电子云的引力中。结果表明，MA-B染料在可见光光谱中具有最高的吸收率，是改性效果最好的染料。计算结果表明，该染料可作为TiO2晶体太阳能电池的潜在传感器。

引用次数: 0

Development of Transparent and Flexible Thin Film from Hybrid Alloy using Deposition by Evaporation Technique 利用蒸发沉积技术制备透明柔性杂化合金薄膜

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2019-09-23 DOI: 10.30799/jtfr.021.19030103

Abdellah Mrij, A. Bakkali, J. Foshi

Article history: Received 28 August 2019 Accepted 06 September 2019 Available online 23 September 2019 This work presents the fabrication process of an intelligent thin film from a hybrid compound to realize transparency and flexibility characteristics. Various delicate operations are encountered during preparation of the film such as exposition to radiations and baking in vacuum oven for many times. The built film with specifics materials improves the performances. The phase quality depends on the type of additives materials during preparation. The band gap of the film is controlled to permit reliability of the fabricated film and endurement of temperature variations. The fabricated thin film can be an alternative and crucial solution for many smart devices that are influenced by blazing and glazing limits. This work also parallelly represent the characteristics such as electrical impedance in function of temperature and optical reflection coefficient.

文章历史:收到2019年8月28日接受2019年9月6日在线提供2019年9月23日这项工作介绍了一种混合化合物的智能薄膜的制造过程，以实现透明和柔性特性。在胶片的制备过程中会遇到各种精细的操作，如多次暴露于辐射和真空烘箱中烘烤。用特殊材料制成的薄膜提高了性能。相质量取决于制备过程中添加的材料类型。薄膜的带隙被控制，以允许制造薄膜的可靠性和温度变化的持久性。制造的薄膜可以成为许多受发光和玻璃限制影响的智能设备的替代和关键解决方案。该工作还平行地表示了电阻抗等特性与温度和光反射系数的函数关系。

引用次数: 0

Optical and Structural Properties of Nb:TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering at Ambient Temperature 常温下直流磁控溅射制备Nb:TiO2薄膜的光学和结构特性

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.30799/JTFR.019.19030101

C. Maghanga, M. Mwamburi

Article history: Received 22 April 2019 Accepted 27 May 2019 Available online 12 June 2019 This work reports on the influence of niobium on the structural and optical properties of titanium dioxide thin films made by DC Magnetron sputtering. The films were deposited on glass substrates at ambient temperature which stood at below 50 °C in the deposition chamber. Film thickness based on profilometry ranged from 432 nm to 620 nm. Parameters investigated among others include structure, optical constants, grain size and film density. The as-deposited films were found to be amorphous and turn to crystalline upon annealing in air. The film density increased with doping to a maximum estimated to be 5.77 at. % Nb, beyond which a decrease was recorded. It was also observed that the refractive index of the film increased with doping.

文章历史:收到2019年4月22日接受2019年5月27日在线发布2019年6月12日本工作报告了铌对直流磁控溅射制备二氧化钛薄膜结构和光学性能的影响。在低于50°C的环境温度下将薄膜沉积在玻璃衬底上。基于轮廓术的薄膜厚度范围从432纳米到620纳米。研究的参数包括结构、光学常数、晶粒尺寸和薄膜密度。发现沉积薄膜是无定形的，在空气中退火后变为结晶。薄膜密度随着掺杂的增加而增加，估计最大值为5.77 at。% Nb，超过此值记录下降。还观察到薄膜的折射率随掺杂的增加而增加。

引用次数: 0

ARTICLE: A Statistical Analysis of Predictors Associated with the Dramatic Decline in Death Sentences in the United States in the Last Two Decades 文章:对过去二十年来美国死刑判决急剧下降相关预测因素的统计分析

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.21428/b6e95092.c60df452

T. Harmon, David McCord

The annual number of new death sentences in the United States has fallen by more than 75% in the last two decades. The current study examines 1,665 death-eligible cases from 1994, 2004, and 2014 to draw empirically based conclusions that can shed light on some significant predictors associated with this dramatic decline. The results of logistic regression models suggest that the following were consistently significant predictors of case outcomes throughout the country over time: multiple perpetrators, age of perpetrators between 18 and 20 years, number of mitigators, cases with high and low aggravation, and five formerly high-volume counties. By contrast, factors that were important predictors of case outcomes in 1994 but that became insignificant in later years were robbery-murder and limited-revenue counties; the murder rate was not significant in 1994 but became significant in later years. Allegations of intellectual disability and county population size were not significant predictors in any of the years. _______________________________________________________________________________ The number of new death sentences in the United States fell from 310 in 1994 to 73 in 2014. The media have noticed this sharp decline of more than 75% (Khadaroo, 2014; Wolf & Johnson, A Statistical Analysis of Predictors Associated with the Dramatic Decline in Death Sentences in the United States in the Last Two Decades Journal of Criminal Justice and Law: Official Journal of the Law and Public Policy Section of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 1-21 (2019) 2 Talia Roitberg Harmon and David McCord 2015). In this article, we examine a host of death-eligible cases to draw empirically based conclusions that illuminate some of the significant predictors of case outcome over time. We chose 10 possible predictors for hypothesis testing: level of case aggravation, robbery as an aggravator, size of county population, county financial resources, changes in five populous counties, multiple perpetrators, number of kinds of mitigation evidence presented, claims of intellectual disability, perpetrator age between 18 and 20 years, and murder rate. We tested these predictors for 3 years: 1994, 2004, and 2014. We selected these years for two reasons. First, when we began the project, 2014 was the most recent year for which data were available. Second, this choice allowed us to backtrack two decades to 1994, which was one of the peak years for death sentence imposition in the post-Furman, contemporary death penalty era. The year 2004 then became a midpoint year to examine what was happening between 1994 and 2014. We employed a comparison methodology for death-eligible cases, which was necessary “to ensure that what is being observed is not merely a correlate” (Gould, Carrano, Leo, & Hail-Jares, 2014, p. 479). Specifically, we split the cases into two groups: those in which the defendants were sentenced to death, and those in which defendants were spa

在过去的二十年里，美国每年的新死刑判决数量下降了75%以上。目前的研究调查了1994年、2004年和2014年的1665例符合死亡条件的病例，以得出基于经验的结论，这些结论可以揭示与这种急剧下降相关的一些重要预测因素。逻辑回归模型的结果表明，随着时间的推移，以下因素一直是全国案件结局的重要预测因素:多名犯罪者、犯罪者年龄在18至20岁之间、减轻者数量、加重程度高低的案件以及五个以前数量较多的县。相比之下，在1994年是案件结果的重要预测因素，但在后来几年变得无关紧要的因素是抢劫-谋杀和收入有限的县;1994年的谋杀率并不高，但在后来的几年里变得很高。智力残疾的指控和县人口规模在任何年份都不是重要的预测因素。_______________________________________________________________________________ 新美国死刑的数量从310年的1994下降到73年的2014人。媒体已经注意到这种超过75%的急剧下降(Khadaroo, 2014;Wolf & Johnson，在过去的二十年中与美国死刑判决急剧下降相关的预测因素的统计分析刑事司法和法律杂志:刑事司法科学学院法律和公共政策部门官方杂志卷3，第1期，第1-21页(2019)2 Talia Roitberg Harmon和David McCord 2015)。在本文中，我们研究了大量符合死亡条件的病例，以得出基于经验的结论，这些结论阐明了随着时间的推移，病例结果的一些重要预测因素。我们选择了10个可能的预测因素进行假设检验:案件加重程度、作为加重因素的抢劫、县人口规模、县财政资源、五个人口稠密县的变化、多名肇事者、提供的减轻证据种类数量、声称智力残疾、肇事者年龄在18至20岁之间以及谋杀率。我们对这些预测因子进行了3年的测试:1994年、2004年和2014年。我们选择这几年有两个原因。首先，当我们开始这个项目时，2014年是可获得数据的最近一年。其次，这一选择使我们可以追溯到20年前的1994年，这是后弗曼时代，即当代死刑时代，判处死刑的高峰期之一。因此，2004年成为考察1994年至2014年间发生的事情的中点年。我们对符合死亡条件的病例采用了比较方法，这是必要的，“以确保所观察到的不仅仅是一种关联”(Gould, Carrano, Leo， & Hail-Jares, 2014，第479页)。具体来说，我们将案件分为两组:被告被判处死刑的案件，以及被告因检察官或判决者(通常是陪审团，但偶尔是法官)的决定而免于死刑的案件。对预测案件结果的因素的分析，对美国继续执行死刑(但正在减少)的情况产生了重要的见解。这是第一篇基于1600多个个案的细节，从全国角度对20年来死刑判决下降的可能关联进行统计研究的学术论文，从而提供了极其细致的分析。

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引用次数: 4

ARTICLE: Agenda Setting in State Courts of Last Resort 第四条:州终审法院的议程设置

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.21428/b6e95092.2c7ebdb2

Phil Marcin, Nancy E. Marion

Little academic research has been carried out on the agenda-setting process for judges, particularly in states. This study examines the rhetoric and agenda setting of judges in 47 state courts of last resort from 2005 to 2015. A content analysis of the end-of-the-year speeches delivered by the justices was performed to determine patterns and trends in rhetoric according to political party affiliation, region, proximity to the border, and method of appointment. It was discovered that the topics discussed by state chief justices did not vary over time; that agenda items differed slightly between Republican and Democratic justices; that there were limited differences between the issues discussed by judges in border and non-border states; that agenda items did not differ significantly according to region; that issues mentioned by U.S. Supreme Court justices and state justices differed; and that the method of seating justices did not influence agenda items.

很少有学术研究对法官的议程设定过程进行研究，特别是在各州。本研究考察了2005年至2015年47个州法院法官的修辞和议程设置。对大法官们的年末演讲进行了内容分析，根据政党、地区、临近国境、任命方式等，确定了修辞的模式和趋势。人们发现，各州首席大法官讨论的话题并没有随着时间的推移而变化;共和党和民主党大法官的议程略有不同;边界州和非边界州的法官讨论的问题之间存在有限的差异;议程项目在区域之间没有显著差异;美国最高法院法官和州法官提到的问题不同;法官就座的方式不会影响议程项目。

引用次数: 0

ARTICLE: Livable Term Sentences as Alternatives to Juvenile Life Without Parole: A Sentencing Framework Based on United States v. Grant 文章:适居刑期作为替代青少年终身监禁不得假释:基于美国诉格兰特案的量刑框架

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.21428/b6e95092.8c8ec43d

Brittany Ripper, R. Johnson

In Miller v. Alabama (2012), the United States Supreme Court held that mandatory sentences of life without parole for juveniles are unconstitutional. In Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016), the Supreme Court made this holding retroactive, leaving the states to fashion new sentencing schemes for juveniles previously sentenced to life without parole. Complicating this task is the debate around “de facto,” or virtual, life sentences, which are term-of-years sentences that extend beyond an individual’s life expectancy. This essay proposes a framework to be used for sentencing juvenile lifers in light of the Supreme Court’s opinions and the Third Circuit Court of Appeal’s decision in United States v. Grant (2018). The framework considers an individual’s life expectancy and health, the national retirement age, and the time needed to reconnect with society. The output is a liveable term-of-years sentence that allows persons sentenced to life without parole as juveniles the prospect of release and the achievement of a meaningful life in the free world. “Incorrigibility is inconsistent with youth.” — Graham v. Florida (2010). _______________________________________________________________________________ It is difficult for most of us, who have never been sentenced to prison, to truly appreciate the reality of a life sentence. “Statistics” about abstractions like a life term “don’t bleed; it is the detail which counts” (Koestler, 1945, p. 91). Without prison experience, most of us in society lack the Livable Term Sentences as Alternatives to Juvenile Life Without Parole: A Sentencing Framework Based on United States v. Grant Journal of Criminal Justice and Law: Official Journal of the Law and Public Policy Section of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 59-75 (2019) 60 Talia Roitberg Harmon and David McCord essential details needed to comprehend a life sentence. To most, a life sentence is just another term of punishment proclaimed by a judge or a punishment authorized by lawmakers, but for children subjected to this penalty, a life term means they will spend their entire lives in prison, a remote and alien world, until they die. Life in prison means 24 hours a day, 365 days per year, in one cage or another, among outcasts who sit ostracized from a society that is unwilling to give them a chance to show they have changed. In considerable measure a consequence of the fear of juvenile “super-predators,” the transfer of juvenile defendants to adult courts increased in the 1990s (Adams & Addie, 2009; Mauer & Nellis, 2018). One salient example of the harsh sentences meted out to juveniles in adult courts is the life-without-parole sanction. Many juveniles were sentenced to this sanction on a mandatory basis. Between 1979 and 1996 alone, the number of juveniles serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole increased from 9 to 160 (Mauer & Nellis, 2018). But, in the 2012 case of Miller v. Alabama, the United States Supreme Cou

通过遵循这一量刑框架，法院和各州可以遵守美国最高法院的规定，即只有无可救药的青少年才应被判处终身监禁，不得假释。21政府对该决定提出上诉，并于2019年2月20日由第三巡回上诉法院全院审理。第三巡回法院的决定被搁置，等待2019年10月16日在美国最高法院进行口头辩论的马蒂纳诉马尔沃案(mathea v. Malvo, 2019)的结果。2在某些情况下(例如，Jones v. Commonwealth, 2017;州诉内森案(2017年)，法院认为，最高法院的裁决仅适用于终身监禁不得假释的强制性判决，这是马蒂纳诉马尔沃案(2019年)的问题。刑事司法和法律杂志:61刑事司法科学院法律和公共政策科官方杂志

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引用次数: 0

Environmental odour monitoring by Electronic Nose 利用电子鼻监测环境气味

Volume 1, Issue 3

Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.30955/gnj.002794

Odour emissions from industrial plants affect air quality and are consequently cause of a growing number of public complaints. The control of odour represents a key issue in plant management. The starting point for an effective odour control is their objective measurement. The electronic nose represents probably the odour monitoring technique with the greatest potential, but currently there is not a universally recognized procedure for their application in the continuous characterization of environmental odours. The paper aims to present a novel procedure for training electronic noses in order to maximize their capability of operating a qualitative classification and estimating the odour concentration of ambient air. This novel approach reduces the uncertainty and increases the reliability of the continuous odour measures. The Electronic Nose (E.Nose) seedOA realized by the Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED) of the University of Salerno was applied to a real case in a large wastewater treatment plant. The papers highlights the characterization of the odour concentrations from the different treatment units and the identification of the principal odour sources.

工业工厂排放的气味影响空气质量，因此引起越来越多的公众投诉。气味的控制是工厂管理中的一个关键问题。有效的气味控制的出发点是它们的客观测量。电子鼻可能是最有潜力的气味监测技术，但目前还没有一个普遍认可的程序将其应用于环境气味的连续表征。本文旨在提出一种新的训练电子鼻的方法，以最大限度地提高其定性分类和估计周围空气气味浓度的能力。这种新颖的方法减少了不确定性，提高了连续气味测量的可靠性。萨莱诺大学卫生环境工程系(SEED)实现的电子鼻seedOA应用于大型污水处理厂的实际案例。论文强调了来自不同处理单元的气味浓度的特征和主要气味来源的识别。

引用次数: 10

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