Veterinaria italiana最新文献

In this study, two cases of sudden death following infection-like symptoms in dairy water buffalo calves aged 5 - 12 days were investigated by anatomopathological examinations and laboratory tests. Four bacterial infectious agents were isolated from the brain, which presented meningitis-like lesions, and liver, which appeared hyperaemic and with fibrin formations. The four isolates were phenotypically identified as Streptococcus suis and found to be genetically identical by whole genome sequencing (WGS). One of the isolates was further characterized by hybrid short and long reads genome sequencing and found to represent a novel sequence type (ST) of S. suis serotype 2 . Further investigations are needed to better understand its pathogenic potential, host specificity and environmental sources of infection.

Rabies poses a fatal threat to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, with its transmission often exhibiting a wave-like pattern influenced by host population density. Understanding the dynamics of reservoir hosts is critical to elucidating the spatial distribution and transmission pathways of the virus. Between 2014 and 2017, brain specimens from various wild felids in India - including tigers, lions, leopards, and other species-were screened for rabies. Of the 68 samples examined, one jungle cat (73-P/15) and one leopard (01-CD/16) tested positive, representing 2.94% of the total. The infected leopard had previously exhibited aggressive behavior toward domestic animals, resulting in the deaths of 13 cattle and 2 buffaloes due to neurological complications. To assess potential transmission from wildlife to domestic animals, brain samples from one cow and one bullock-exposed to the infected leopard-were also tested for rabies. The direct fluorescent antibody technique (dFAT) revealed the presence of rabies antigen in brain impression smears, which was further confirmed via RT-PCR. Sequencing of the PCR-amplified N gene fragments demonstrated 100% nucleotide identity among the leopard, cow, and bullock sequences, confirming direct transmission from the leopard to the livestock. Phylogenetic analysis placed these sequences within the Arctic-like 1a clade, clustering with other RABV strains circulating in India. This study underscores the importance of maintaining effective barriers between wildlife, humans, and domestic animals to prevent rabies spillover from sylvatic to urban populations.

Waterborne diseases  can affect a large number of individuals in a short span of time; hence the possibility of them turning into an outbreak is high. Zoonotic pathogens represent an important fraction as causative organisms of waterborne illnesses. WHO has ranked Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. as the two leading zoonotic pathogens in the world. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Salmonella and Campylobacter species from the surface water bodies in two districts of Uttarakhand, India- Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital. Water samples from various locations were analyzed for the presence of these bacteria, with the latter coming out to be the predominant one. Thereafter, they were tested for resistance against Colistin, an antibiotic considered to be the last resort antibiotic against gram-negative bacteria and for the presence of mcr genes as the cause behind the resistance. The number of isolates showing the presence of these genes was significantly higher as compared to a previous study where an attempt was made to test their presence.

Despite aggressive treatment, canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in puppies. Identifying reliable biomarkers of CPV enteritis is important for determining severity, length of hospital stay, and predicting clinical outcomes. This the first study that aims to emphasize the relevance of the manuscript. Forty-three (43) CPV-infected dogs were diagnosed by a rapid antigen test kit and subsequent PCR, and 10 healthy dogs were enrolled. In this prospective study, metabolomics and cardiac troponin were measured by NMR and ELISA, respectively. The diseased dogs showed statistically significant lower levels of fructose, glucose, citrate, glycerate, glutamate, carnitine, glycine, formate, and higher levels of isoleucine, isovalerate, glycolate, and creatine compared with healthy dogs. The same analysis performed on lipid parameters showed statistically significant higher levels of cholesterol variants, fatty acyl variants, free cholesterol, glycerol backbone, and sphingomyelin and lower levels of phosphoglycerates and esterified cholesterol in the diseased groups. The changes in metabolomics could be attributed to energy deficit, fat mobilization, gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle deficiency, and multiple organ failure. Decreased citrate, and increased fatty acyl chain-CH2CO and sphingomyelin levels will serve as the most useful biomarkers in the prognosis of dogs suffering from CPV infection.

Scutavirus testudinidalpha3 (formerly known as Testudinid alphaherpesvirus 3) is a virus causing severe and ultimately fatal diseases in Mediterranean tortoises. The virus can alternate between a lytic phase, involving viral replication, and a latent stage. It is considered a threat for all the Testudinidae, including endangered species. Long-term outcomes of surviving animals post-primary infection remain unstudied. The aim of this work was to conduct an 8-year long-term monitoring study of a group of Scutavirus testudinidalpha3-infected Mediterranean tortoises, including two Testudo hermanni hermanni and two T. graeca ibera, that survived a high mortality-associated outbreak in 2013. Serological (ELISA) and molecular test (PCR from oral swab) were employed for the long-term monitoring of the infection on the four Testudo spp. Scutavirus testudinidalpha3 DNA and anti-Scutavirus testudinalpha3 antibodies were detected in three animals after 7- and 8-years post-outbreak, respectively. The fourth individual tested negative both by PCR and serology after an initial transient positivity recorded during the outbreak. Despite the limited sample size, the combination of clinical diagnosis and laboratory results assessed during investigation underscore the complexity and unpredictability of Scutavirus testudinidalpha3 infection and its long-term outcomes. These findings should be considered in the management and exchange of tortoises, especially those from different origins.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) presents a significant challenge to the livestock industry and food animal security. In small ruminants such as sheep and goats, FMD infections often remain asymptomatic, which can result in undetected viral transmission across various species. Despite the global significance of FMD, the epidemiological role of small ruminants in its spread remains poorly understood, particularly in specific regions. In Benue State, Nigeria, there is a notable gap in research concerning the seroprevalence of FMD in small ruminants and its associated spatial distribution. 3ABC-trapping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies to non-structural protein (NSP) 3ABC of FMD virus (FMDV) in serum samples of sheep and goats from three local government areas representative of high risk zones of Benue State. The seroprevalence of FMDV in small ruminants was found to be 15.92%, with 14.75% in goats and 19.59% in sheep. Regional differences  were also evident, with Zone A (Katsina-Ala) showing seroprevalence of 14.71%, Zone B (Makurdi) at 14.72%, and Zone C (Otukpo) at 19.42%. Overall, our study suggests that small ruminants in Benue State are significantly exposed to FMDV, with prevalence rates comparable to some regions in Nigeria and lower than others, especially when compared to large ruminants like cattle. The findings underscore the necessity for region-specific control strategies, taking into account the dynamics of animal movement and trade routes. Establishing robust surveillance and biosecurity protocols, especially along high-risk trade routes, is essential for reducing the impact of FMDV and ensuring the productivity of livestock farming in the region.

This study explored the interplay between gastrointestinal nematode burden, blood parameters, and hair cortisol in Zerasca sheep, a local breed of Northeastern Tuscany (Italy). Moreover, the correlation between BCS and Eggs per Gram (EPG) was analyzed to verify the possible parasite impact. The study involved twelve ewes sampled for faeces, blood and wool three times, in the morning, from August 2022 to March 2023. Complete blood count, alanina-aminotransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase, nitrogen ureic, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, non-esterified fatty acids, total proteins, creatinine, calcium, chloride, potassium, and oxygen free radicals were analyzed. Fresh faecal samples were collected and subjected to the Mac Master technique for EPG. Wool was collected to quantify hair cortisol. BCS was recorded using a 1-5 scale. The ANOVA test was performed to detect differences in metabolic and immunological parameters, as well as hair cortisol levels, in relation to EPG levels. Non parametric correlation between EPG and BCS was conducted. Only red blood cells, haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and calcium were significantly associated with EPG levels. Some parameters were outside the normal range. The correlation between BCS and EPG resulted negative and statistically significant. These results showed an overall well-being of the tested animals within this specific context.

Rare earth elements (REEs) have shown promising potential in veterinary medicine, particularly as feed additives and diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Moreover, the increasing industrial use of REEs has raised concerns about their potential environmental contamination and bioaccumulation in animal tissues. While numerous studies have focused on the distribution of REEs in marine and freshwater ecosystems, information regarding their presence in terrestrial environments remains fragmented. This narrative review aims to describe the practical applications of REEs in veterinary medicine, with a specific focus on studies evaluating the potential accumulation of these elements in the tissues of terrestrial vertebrate animals. Additionally, the review addresses research on the intentional residual presence of REEs and in-field studies evaluating the contamination burden from REE exposure in domestic and wild animals. In conclusion, this review identifies critical scientific gaps and provides future research directions to advance understanding of the long-term effects, mechanisms of action, and environmental impacts of REEs in veterinary practices.

The advancement of small ruminant farming in Benin has encountered challenges associated with health issues and agricultural practices. This study aimed to provide the initial documentation of the prevalence of enzootic ovine abortion and evaluate the health status of animals concerning various recurring diseases on traditional small ruminant farms in Benin. In 2023, a semi-structured survey of 450 farms was carried out in two agricultural development centers in Benin. Additionally, 385 sera samples (200 sheep and 185 goats) from 77 farms, selected from the 450 surveyed farms, where animals exhibited signs of reproductive loss, underwent testing using the indirect Elisa method for Chlamydia abortus species. Among the 385 sera samples tested, 30 (7.79%) from pole 1 and 25 (6.49%) from pole 2 were positive for Chlamydia abortus. The survey results unveiled that small ruminants were primarily raised for savings and, to a lesser extent, for meat production and socio-cultural reasons, predominantly in Pole 1. During the rainy season, the common practice among farmers is to let their animals run free, although some opt to tie them to a fixed stake or keep them in loose confinement, the latter being more common in pole 2. The primary animal diseases reported by farmers included peste des petits ruminants, scabies, verminous digestive diseases, pasteurellosis, Rift Valley fever, sheep pox, agalactia, and trypanosomosis. The incidence of these diseases varied between the poles. Enzootic Ovine Abortion emerges as a substantial threat to both animal well-being and public health. This research sheds light on the overlooked nature of this perilous disease, aiming to contribute to the enhancement of small ruminant livestock.

Malignant Mesothelioma is a malignant tumor arising from the peritoneum, pleura or pericardium. It's rarely reported in dogs. Currently, there are two classifications of neoplasia: one for human medicine and other for veterinary. A 10-year-old female mixed-breed dog with bulging abdomen for 2 weeks and achesia for 1 day, was diagnosed with ascites and dirofilariasis and treated. On the first day, the animal weighed 32.5kg and, after drainage of cavity fluid, it weighed 27kg. Even after treatment, the animal's condition did not improve and euthanasia was performed. The body was sent for necroscopic evaluation. The morphological diagnosis comprises malignant mesothelioma, been with both mixed and sclerosing type. This is the first worldwide case reported with all this characteristic.