Veterinaria italiana最新文献

This study explored the interplay between gastrointestinal nematode burden, blood parameters, and hair cortisol in Zerasca sheep, a local breed of Northeastern Tuscany (Italy). Moreover, the correlation between BCS and Eggs per Gram (EPG) was analyzed to verify the possible parasite impact. The study involved twelve ewes sampled for faeces, blood and wool three times, in the morning, from August 2022 to March 2023. Complete blood count, alanina-aminotransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase, nitrogen ureic, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, non-esterified fatty acids, total proteins, creatinine, calcium, chloride, potassium, and oxygen free radicals were analyzed. Fresh faecal samples were collected and subjected to the Mac Master technique for EPG. Wool was collected to quantify hair cortisol. BCS was recorded using a 1-5 scale. The ANOVA test was performed to detect differences in metabolic and immunological parameters, as well as hair cortisol levels, in relation to EPG levels. Non parametric correlation between EPG and BCS was conducted. Only red blood cells, haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and calcium were significantly associated with EPG levels. Some parameters were outside the normal range. The correlation between BCS and EPG resulted negative and statistically significant. These results showed an overall well-being of the tested animals within this specific context.

Rare earth elements (REEs) have shown promising potential in veterinary medicine, particularly as feed additives and diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Moreover, the increasing industrial use of REEs has raised concerns about their potential environmental contamination and bioaccumulation in animal tissues. While numerous studies have focused on the distribution of REEs in marine and freshwater ecosystems, information regarding their presence in terrestrial environments remains fragmented. This narrative review aims to describe the practical applications of REEs in veterinary medicine, with a specific focus on studies evaluating the potential accumulation of these elements in the tissues of terrestrial vertebrate animals. Additionally, the review addresses research on the intentional residual presence of REEs and in-field studies evaluating the contamination burden from REE exposure in domestic and wild animals. In conclusion, this review identifies critical scientific gaps and provides future research directions to advance understanding of the long-term effects, mechanisms of action, and environmental impacts of REEs in veterinary practices.

The advancement of small ruminant farming in Benin has encountered challenges associated with health issues and agricultural practices. This study aimed to provide the initial documentation of the prevalence of enzootic ovine abortion and evaluate the health status of animals concerning various recurring diseases on traditional small ruminant farms in Benin. In 2023, a semi-structured survey of 450 farms was carried out in two agricultural development centers in Benin. Additionally, 385 sera samples (200 sheep and 185 goats) from 77 farms, selected from the 450 surveyed farms, where animals exhibited signs of reproductive loss, underwent testing using the indirect Elisa method for Chlamydia abortus species. Among the 385 sera samples tested, 30 (7.79%) from pole 1 and 25 (6.49%) from pole 2 were positive for Chlamydia abortus. The survey results unveiled that small ruminants were primarily raised for savings and, to a lesser extent, for meat production and socio-cultural reasons, predominantly in Pole 1. During the rainy season, the common practice among farmers is to let their animals run free, although some opt to tie them to a fixed stake or keep them in loose confinement, the latter being more common in pole 2. The primary animal diseases reported by farmers included peste des petits ruminants, scabies, verminous digestive diseases, pasteurellosis, Rift Valley fever, sheep pox, agalactia, and trypanosomosis. The incidence of these diseases varied between the poles. Enzootic Ovine Abortion emerges as a substantial threat to both animal well-being and public health. This research sheds light on the overlooked nature of this perilous disease, aiming to contribute to the enhancement of small ruminant livestock.

Malignant Mesothelioma is a malignant tumor arising from the peritoneum, pleura or pericardium. It's rarely reported in dogs. Currently, there are two classifications of neoplasia: one for human medicine and other for veterinary. A 10-year-old female mixed-breed dog with bulging abdomen for 2 weeks and achesia for 1 day, was diagnosed with ascites and dirofilariasis and treated. On the first day, the animal weighed 32.5kg and, after drainage of cavity fluid, it weighed 27kg. Even after treatment, the animal's condition did not improve and euthanasia was performed. The body was sent for necroscopic evaluation. The morphological diagnosis comprises malignant mesothelioma, been with both mixed and sclerosing type. This is the first worldwide case reported with all this characteristic.

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a pathogen of high importance for the dairy industry. Currently, twelve genotypes have been described worldwide with different pathogenicity and virulence, so it is critical to evaluate the circulating genotypes in each country/region to associate this information with risk situations. The aim of this work was to perform a phylogenetic and mutational analysis of the BLV tax gene in cows that belong to specialized dairies in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. A conventional PCR for the tax gene was performed on 86 bovine samples. Sanger sequencing was carried out on 22 PCR products with a size of 959 bp. The sequences obtained were aligned and analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic approaches. A predictor was used to analyze the possible impact of amino acid substitution on the Tax structure and function. Although all sequences were found to belong to genotype 1, four of the 22 sequences were grouped into a different subclade G1A. Fifty percent of the samples showed punctual mutations in their amino acids. Mutation S104L was identified as "possibly harmful," while the V146A change found in all subclade G1A samples was identified as "possibly benign." Although further studies are necessary to determine whether there is an effect of these mutations on the development of the disease, this study presents part of the evolution of the virus and the changes at the amino acid level that are occurring in cattle from specialized dairy farms in Antioquia.

Taenia multiceps is found in canids and in its larval stage is known as Coenurus cerebralis causes coenurosis. The disease has a significant impact on the economic value of sheep and goats. The aim of the current study was to identify multiple cysts in the brain of a sheep displaying common symptoms of C. cerebralis and to amplify and sequence analyse the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene of each individual cyst by PCR. The research material used was the head of a sheep exhibiting neurological symptoms. Seven cysts associated with C. cerebralis were detected in the brain upon thorough examination. The mt-CO1 gene was amplified by PCR, and all isolates were sequenced. Sequence alignment revealed the presence of point mutations, and 20 polymorphic sites were identified, of which 7.7% (1/13) were parsimony informative. The isolates demonstrated significant haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. In this study, only one isolate obtained from Turkey belonged to the fourth main haplotype, while the remaining six isolates constituted a distinct and unique single haplotype. This is the first time that haplotypic distinctions have been identified among isolates obtained from a sheep brain that is multiply infected with C. cerebralis.

From 19 to 21 September 2023, the city of Silvi Marina, in the province of Teramo, hosted GeoVet2023, continuing a tradition that, since 2001, has positioned the conference as a global reference for interdisciplinary research at the intersection of geospatial science and veterinary medicine. With the theme "Expanding Boundaries: Interdisciplinary Geospatial Research for the One Health Era", GeoVet2023 gathered experts from diverse fields to address critical challenges, including the impacts of climate change, human activities, and interactions between domestic and wild animals on veterinary and public health, as well as food safety. GeoVet2023 continued the trajectory set by GeoVet2019, which explored how emerging technologies and data-driven approaches in the Big Data era redefined spatial analysis in animal and public health. The 2023 edition expanded these discussions by incorporating practical applications of real-time data science, artificial intelligence, and decision-making tools, along with social network data, citizen science, and advanced spatio-temporal methods to address challenges posed by climate change and the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Another key aspect of the conference was the dialogue between scientists and international organizations, pointing out the crucial role of effective communication in bridging research and policymaking. Indeed, in his opening keynote, Marius Gilbert shared lessons from managing the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, highlighted the challenges related to public communication and underscoring the need for health science literacy, trust, and structured scientific debate. The scientific program of GeoVet2023 included five keynotes, eight senior presentations, 43 engaging talks, and 50 informative posters, representing 106 research projects in total. The relationships established and the knowledge shared during this conference not only reflect its innovation but also provide a roadmap to guide the progress of interdisciplinary geospatial research and One Health strategies in the years to come. This special issue of Veterinaria Italiana captures the innovation, integration, and practical applications that characterized the GeoVet2023 conference discussions. Presenting 12 selected studies, it showcases the latest development in spatial epidemiology and geospatial tools, providing solutions for pressing issues such as disease surveillance, antimicrobial resistance, and the impacts of environmental changes on health systems. These studies provide concrete examples of how geospatial research improves veterinary and public health within the One Health framework.

Water temperature is a vital parameter impacting the growth and survival of aquatic life. Using satellite-derived infrared data, this study analysed the trend of sea surface temperature (SST) from 2008 to 2022 of the Adriatic coastal waters of Italian regions. The "Mediterranean Sea High Resolution and Ultra High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Analysis" product collected from the Copernicus Marine Service of European Copernicus programme was used, as a good compromise among spatial accuracy, temporal frequency and coverage. SST were derived in 176 locations, placed in the Adriatic Sea from the southern limit of the lagoon of Venice (Veneto) to Santa Maria di Leuca (LE), at a distance from the coast between 500 m and 5000 m (0.3 - 2.7 nautical miles). Time series analysis was applied to average value of daily SST calculated from the selected spatial locations to identify the additive model components: trend, seasonality and random effects. The trend component was isolated and assessed using a linear regression model to determine its significance and magnitude. A 0.010 °C/year increase in SST was observed. Additionally, marine heatwaves and cold spells were consistently registered throughout the entire observation period, with a north-south gradient in intensity.

Farm fragmentation refers to spatial disaggregation of farms into smaller, often highly separated parcels of land. This can create a number of problems; administrative, economic, environmental and epidemiological. Ireland has a high proportion of fragmented farms, although this an issue not unique to Ireland. From a epidemiological perspective, where a farm is heavily fragmented, there is uncertainty in assigning a location to where livestock have spent time on that farm. We explore techniques to quantify the extent and regional variation in fragmentation and the between-fragment distances of fragmented farms in Ireland with the aim of reducing this uncertainty. The findings, which have made available as an online resource, allow for more precision in spatial analyses of bovine populations and help enhance surveillance and field epidemiology.

Ticks represent a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens, and their numbers are increasing largely in wildlife. This work is aimed at producing maps of suitable habitats for ticks in Aosta Valley, Italy based on multitemporal EO data and veterinary datasets (tick species and distribution in wild hosts). EO data were processed in Google Earth Engine considering the following inputs: A) Growing Degree Ticks (GDT), B) NDVI from MOD09GA, C) NDVI entropy, D) distance from water bodies, E) topography, F) rainfalls from CHIRPS as monthly composites along the 2020, 2021 and 2022 years. Ticks were collected from hunted, injured, and found-dead wild animals ( Sus scrofa, Capreolus capreolus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Cervus elaphus); they were labeled at species level using taxonomic keys. Between September 2020 and December 2022, a total of 90 ticks were collected from 89 wild animals. Ixodes ricinus was the most prevalent tick species, followed by Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor spp. Molecular analyses demonstrated the presence of Anaplasma spp., B. burgdorferi sensu lato and Rickettsia spp. pathogens in infected ticks. To assess human population potential exposure to tick Meta® population dataset was used. In conclusion this study shows the potentialities of Remote sensing improving the technological transfer to the veterinarian sector.