Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3895
W. L. Wun, G. K. Chua, S. Y. Chin, N. Zainol
Kinetic parameter is a basis for design and optimization of activated sludge POME treatment. In fact, most of the kinetic parameter value used in design and optimization are default values taken from municipal wastewater. The kinetic parameters for POME treatment have not been thoroughlystudied and most of the system is using the Activated Sludge Models (ASM), either in modelling or design. Thus, the kinetic study of POME treatment by activated sludge system were carried out to obtain the kinetic parameters for the POME treatment plant design calculation.In this study, POME treatment was carriedout in batch studiesinto 14 L aeration tank with activated sludge for the biological oxidation process with optimum pH at 6.5 ± 0.1, MLVSS of 2000 ± 200 mg/Lfor HRT of 48 h and feeding with 650 ± 20 mg BOD3/L of anaerobic treated POME, while SRT was controlled at a range of 10 days to 20 days with interval of 2 days for the kinetic study experiment. From this kinetic study, the kinetic parameters for COD and BOD basis had been determined for maximum yields coefficient (Y), endogenous decay coefficient (kd), maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k) and half-velocity constant (Ks) at 0.2369 mg VSS/mg COD, 0.1060 day-1, 2.2717 day 1 and 758.7705 mg/L for COD basis whilst the kinetic parameters value for BOD basis were 0.6718 mg VSS/mg BOD3, 0.0658 day-1, 1.4136 day-1 and 556.1526 mg/L, respectively. Since the BOD is one of the discharge parameters in discharge regulatory, thus kinetic parameters for BOD basis will be used for the system design of POME treatment.
动力学参数是活性污泥POME处理工艺设计和优化的依据。实际上，设计和优化中使用的动力学参数值大多是城市污水的默认值。POME处理的动力学参数尚未得到深入研究，大多数系统在建模或设计中都使用活性污泥模型(ASM)。为此，开展了活性污泥系统处理POME的动力学研究，获得了POME处理厂设计计算所需的动力学参数。在本研究中，POME在14 L曝气池中分批进行生物氧化处理，最佳pH为6.5±0.1,MLVSS为2000±200 mg/L, HRT为48 h，投喂650±20 mg BOD3/L厌氧处理后的POME, SRT控制在10 ~ 20天范围内，间隔2天进行动力学研究实验。通过动力学研究，确定了COD和BOD基在0.2369 mg VSS/mg COD、0.1060 d -1、2.2717 d -1和758.7705 mg/L时的最大产率系数(Y)、内源衰变系数(kd)、最大比底物利用率(k)和半速度常数(Ks)， BOD基的动力学参数值分别为0.6718 mg VSS/mg BOD3、0.0658 d -1、1.4136 d -1和556.1526 mg/L。由于BOD是排放调节中的排放参数之一，因此将以BOD为基础的动力学参数用于POME处理的系统设计。
{"title":"KINETIC STUDY OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) TREATMENT BY ACTIVATED SLUDGE","authors":"W. L. Wun, G. K. Chua, S. Y. Chin, N. Zainol","doi":"10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3895","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetic parameter is a basis for design and optimization of activated sludge POME treatment. In fact, most of the kinetic parameter value used in design and optimization are default values taken from municipal wastewater. The kinetic parameters for POME treatment have not been thoroughlystudied and most of the system is using the Activated Sludge Models (ASM), either in modelling or design. Thus, the kinetic study of POME treatment by activated sludge system were carried out to obtain the kinetic parameters for the POME treatment plant design calculation.In this study, POME treatment was carriedout in batch studiesinto 14 L aeration tank with activated sludge for the biological oxidation process with optimum pH at 6.5 ± 0.1, MLVSS of 2000 ± 200 mg/Lfor HRT of 48 h and feeding with 650 ± 20 mg BOD3/L of anaerobic treated POME, while SRT was controlled at a range of 10 days to 20 days with interval of 2 days for the kinetic study experiment. From this kinetic study, the kinetic parameters for COD and BOD basis had been determined for maximum yields coefficient (Y), endogenous decay coefficient (kd), maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k) and half-velocity constant (Ks) at 0.2369 mg VSS/mg COD, 0.1060 day-1, 2.2717 day 1 and 758.7705 mg/L for COD basis whilst the kinetic parameters value for BOD basis were 0.6718 mg VSS/mg BOD3, 0.0658 day-1, 1.4136 day-1 and 556.1526 mg/L, respectively. Since the BOD is one of the discharge parameters in discharge regulatory, thus kinetic parameters for BOD basis will be used for the system design of POME treatment.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127179048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3887
O. R. Alara, N. H. Abdurahman, J. A. Alara
Vernonia cinerea is one of the medicinal plants with several potentials for treating different ailments. In the present study, Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed in extracting phenolics compounds from this plant. However, different factors that affect this extraction method in the recovery of phenolics compounds abound, these factors need to be screened to determine actual contributing factor in order to minimize cost. Irradiation time (1-5 min), ethanol concentration (20-60% v/v), microwave power (40-80 W), extraction temperature (40-80 oC), and feed/solvent (1:10 - 1:18 g/mL) have been screened using two-factorial design for the recoveries of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves. The results obtained in this study indicated that only microwave power, ethanol concentration, irradiation time and feed/solvent contributed to recoveries of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from V. cinerea leaves. Thus, these factors at these ranges can be further optimized to obtain optimal yields of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves.
{"title":"TWO LEVEL FACTORIAL SCREENING OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION PARAMETERS FOR THE RECOVERY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM VERNONIA CINEREA LEAF","authors":"O. R. Alara, N. H. Abdurahman, J. A. Alara","doi":"10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3887","url":null,"abstract":"Vernonia cinerea is one of the medicinal plants with several potentials for treating different ailments. In the present study, Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed in extracting phenolics compounds from this plant. However, different factors that affect this extraction method in the recovery of phenolics compounds abound, these factors need to be screened to determine actual contributing factor in order to minimize cost. Irradiation time (1-5 min), ethanol concentration (20-60% v/v), microwave power (40-80 W), extraction temperature (40-80 oC), and feed/solvent (1:10 - 1:18 g/mL) have been screened using two-factorial design for the recoveries of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves. The results obtained in this study indicated that only microwave power, ethanol concentration, irradiation time and feed/solvent contributed to recoveries of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from V. cinerea leaves. Thus, these factors at these ranges can be further optimized to obtain optimal yields of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125725486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v5i1.3898
M. R. Uddin, Syeada Nelima Akter, Shahriar Pervez, Thurga Devi Munusamy, M. Khan
Citrus macroptera is a citrus fruit locally known as Shatkora and the fruit of this plant were used for various purposes especially for cooking and also as an odorant in perfume industries.In this research work, Shatkora peel was dried using a laboratory scale tray dryer. The experimental work was conducted at an inlet temperature of 40–60°C and velocities from 0.5–0.9 m/s. Besides, the thickness of the layer was varied between 2– 10 mm. The results demonstrated that the rate of drying was increased accordingly with rise in both air temperature and air velocity however a decreased in layer thickness was noticed. At high air temperature, moisture content of solid achieved equilibrium state within short period of time. On the other hand, moisture diffusivity of Shatkora was evaluated by applying Fick’s second law and the value was varied from 1.78 × 10-8 to 2.83 × 10-7. In addition, activation energy was determined by using Arrhenius type relation and 19.70 kJ/mol was obtained.
{"title":"AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SHATKORA (CITRUS MACROPTERA) IN A TRAY DRYER : EFFECT ON DRYING KINETICS AND PRODUCT QUALITY","authors":"M. R. Uddin, Syeada Nelima Akter, Shahriar Pervez, Thurga Devi Munusamy, M. Khan","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v5i1.3898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v5i1.3898","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus macroptera is a citrus fruit locally known as Shatkora and the fruit of this plant were used for various purposes especially for cooking and also as an odorant in perfume industries.In this research work, Shatkora peel was dried using a laboratory scale tray dryer. The experimental work was conducted at an inlet temperature of 40–60°C and velocities from 0.5–0.9 m/s. Besides, the thickness of the layer was varied between 2– 10 mm. The results demonstrated that the rate of drying was increased accordingly with rise in both air temperature and air velocity however a decreased in layer thickness was noticed. At high air temperature, moisture content of solid achieved equilibrium state within short period of time. On the other hand, moisture diffusivity of Shatkora was evaluated by applying Fick’s second law and the value was varied from 1.78 × 10-8 to 2.83 × 10-7. In addition, activation energy was determined by using Arrhenius type relation and 19.70 kJ/mol was obtained.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"64 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123458749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3881
S. Sumaya, Ideris Asmida, S. Y. Chin, C. K. Cheng, M. Khan
This paper presents the performance of air-cathode microbial fuel cell (AC-MFC) treating the petrochemical wastewater (PCW) from acrylic acid plant. The wastewater which is typically incinerated and possesses very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to presence of acrylic acid along with other organic acids. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the viability of treating the wastewater using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as biocatalyst in AC-MFC for simultaneous treatment of wastewater and electricity generation. This study demonstrates that Saccharomyces cerevisiae could function as a good biocatalyst producing high power density of 0.24 W/m3 using PCW with an initial COD of 26,000 mg/L. The COD removal efficiency and the columbic efficiency (CE) were found as 38% and 23.6% respectively. The electron transfer process across the electrode/biofilm/solution interface was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The present work demonstrates the potential of MFC for the treatment of acrylic acid plant PCW using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biocatalyst.
{"title":"PEFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATER FED AIR-CATHODE MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS USING YEAST BIOCATALYST","authors":"S. Sumaya, Ideris Asmida, S. Y. Chin, C. K. Cheng, M. Khan","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3881","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the performance of air-cathode microbial fuel cell (AC-MFC) treating the petrochemical wastewater (PCW) from acrylic acid plant. The wastewater which is typically incinerated and possesses very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to presence of acrylic acid along with other organic acids. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the viability of treating the wastewater using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as biocatalyst in AC-MFC for simultaneous treatment of wastewater and electricity generation. This study demonstrates that Saccharomyces cerevisiae could function as a good biocatalyst producing high power density of 0.24 W/m3 using PCW with an initial COD of 26,000 mg/L. The COD removal efficiency and the columbic efficiency (CE) were found as 38% and 23.6% respectively. The electron transfer process across the electrode/biofilm/solution interface was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The present work demonstrates the potential of MFC for the treatment of acrylic acid plant PCW using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biocatalyst.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127452351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3880
Asim Aslam, F. Twaiq
The thermodynamics of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was studied in order to determine its potential for treatment of laboratory liquid organic waste. A thermodynamic model based on the minimization of Gibbs energy was developed in Aspen Plus software that simulated the SCWG of liquid lab organic wastes on an ash free basis. The feed stream contained a mixture of aliphatic (hexane), oxygenated (acetone, ethyl acetate,ethyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and methanol), aromatic (toluene and xylene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform and dichloromethane). The showed that a pressure of 25 MPa, low organic material concentration of 5-10% in the feed and temperatures over 600oC, SCWG resulted in hydrogen rich syngas aith a trace amount of HCI in the liquid effluent. High conversion rates were obtained for oxygenated hydrocarbons having destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) greater than 99.99% with the rest of the compound having a 100% DRE. The composition of the gaseous stream was found to be such that the gas could be released safely to the atmosphere or be stored at high pressure. The study established a proof of concept that there is potential for laboratories to use this method to deal with organic lab wastes with the SCWG process effluent that is environmental friendly.
{"title":"SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION AS A TREATMENT FOR LABORATORY ORGANIC WASTE","authors":"Asim Aslam, F. Twaiq","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3880","url":null,"abstract":"The thermodynamics of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was studied in order to determine its potential for treatment of laboratory liquid organic waste. A thermodynamic model based on the minimization of Gibbs energy was developed in Aspen Plus software that simulated the SCWG of liquid lab organic wastes on an ash free basis. The feed stream contained a mixture of aliphatic (hexane), oxygenated (acetone, ethyl acetate,ethyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and methanol), aromatic (toluene and xylene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform and dichloromethane). The showed that a pressure of 25 MPa, low organic material concentration of 5-10% in the feed and temperatures over 600oC, SCWG resulted in hydrogen rich syngas aith a trace amount of HCI in the liquid effluent. High conversion rates were obtained for oxygenated hydrocarbons having destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) greater than 99.99% with the rest of the compound having a 100% DRE. The composition of the gaseous stream was found to be such that the gas could be released safely to the atmosphere or be stored at high pressure. The study established a proof of concept that there is potential for laboratories to use this method to deal with organic lab wastes with the SCWG process effluent that is environmental friendly.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133183530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3883
H. Rassem, A. Nour, M. YunusR.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spectra data obtained from the sample with that taken from pure commercially available standards injected under the same conditions. To characterize the chemical constituents of Hibiscus Flower using GC-MS, the shade dried flower powder was extracted with methanol by using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD). The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of ten compounds. These compounds havebiological activity namely 2-Phenylthiolane (57.31%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.91%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), N-Methylallylamine (9.99%), ropanamide (6.79%) and Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester (5.21%). From the results, it can be concluded that Jasmine flower extract shows the presence of 10 phytocompounds. The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the jasmine flower for various ailments by traditional practitioners.
{"title":"GC-MS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF JASMINE FLOWER","authors":"H. Rassem, A. Nour, M. YunusR.","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3883","url":null,"abstract":"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spectra data obtained from the sample with that taken from pure commercially available standards injected under the same conditions. To characterize the chemical constituents of Hibiscus Flower using GC-MS, the shade dried flower powder was extracted with methanol by using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD). The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of ten compounds. These compounds havebiological activity namely 2-Phenylthiolane (57.31%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.91%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), N-Methylallylamine (9.99%), ropanamide (6.79%) and Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester (5.21%). From the results, it can be concluded that Jasmine flower extract shows the presence of 10 phytocompounds. The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the jasmine flower for various ailments by traditional practitioners.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121823623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3879
Hashim Norlaili, Ahmad Noormazlinah, A. Sakinah, A. Maria-Pilar
Microwave-assisted hydrodistillatlion (MAH) extraction process can extract phytosterol (beta-sitosterol) from Leucaena leucochepala. The suitable parameter of the extraction process to extract the highest yield of phytosterol srom a plant can be optimized by using central composit design (CCCD). Two parameters extraction process were studied which are duration of time (4 to 8 minutes) and solvent ethanol concentration (55%-95%) to gain the highest yield of extracted beta-sitosterol from Leucaena leucochepala. The Liebermann-Burchard analysis was used to analyse phytosterol content in the extracted from the samples. The CCD model parameter was significant because of the values for Prob>F is less tahn 0.0500 which are 0.006 and value lack of fit F-value which is 5.44 represent only 6.77% chances to occur failure. This indicated the CCD with duration of extraction and the ethanol solvent concentration is the optimum parameter for the extraction of beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) from Leucaena leucochepala legume pod with the highest yield of phytosterol of 0.2717 mg/mL at 75% ethanol and 6 minutes.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF BETA-SITOSTEROL EXTRACTION FROM LEUCAENALEUCOCHEPALA BY MICROWAVE ASSISTED HYDRODISTILLATION","authors":"Hashim Norlaili, Ahmad Noormazlinah, A. Sakinah, A. Maria-Pilar","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3879","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave-assisted hydrodistillatlion (MAH) extraction process can extract phytosterol (beta-sitosterol) from Leucaena leucochepala. The suitable parameter of the extraction process to extract the highest yield of phytosterol srom a plant can be optimized by using central composit design (CCCD). Two parameters extraction process were studied which are duration of time (4 to 8 minutes) and solvent ethanol concentration (55%-95%) to gain the highest yield of extracted beta-sitosterol from Leucaena leucochepala. The Liebermann-Burchard analysis was used to analyse phytosterol content in the extracted from the samples. The CCD model parameter was significant because of the values for Prob>F is less tahn 0.0500 which are 0.006 and value lack of fit F-value which is 5.44 represent only 6.77% chances to occur failure. This indicated the CCD with duration of extraction and the ethanol solvent concentration is the optimum parameter for the extraction of beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) from Leucaena leucochepala legume pod with the highest yield of phytosterol of 0.2717 mg/mL at 75% ethanol and 6 minutes.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"17 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130571462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3884
S. N. H. Mohammad Azmin, M. S. Mat Nor
The trial and error solvent selection method to obtain herbal phytochemicals is time consuming and limited by effort and cost. The combination of property prediction models with computer-assisted search is one way to overcome these drawbacks. Thus, the main objective of this work is to present a computer-aided methodology for the design of solvent blends in extracting herb phytochemicals optimally with cost evaluation. The methodology can be summarised into two main stages, namely, model-based design and experimental-verification stages. The result discussed in this paper is only for the first stage. The extraction of kaempferol from Kacip Fatimah herb is used as a base case study that follows all of the listed tasks. Five optimal binary solvent blends have been identified namely, methanol:isobutyraldehyde (M:IB), methanol:n-propionaldehyde (M:PP), methanol:water (M:W), methanol: ethyl acetate (M:EA) and methanol: acetic acid (M:AA). The M:IB solvent blend is able to extract the highest kaempferol yield while M:PP gives the highest profit.
{"title":"SYSTEMATIC METHODOLOGY FOR THE DESIGN OF BINARY SOLVENT BLENDS FOR EXTRACTION OF HERBAL PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH COST EVALUATION","authors":"S. N. H. Mohammad Azmin, M. S. Mat Nor","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3884","url":null,"abstract":"The trial and error solvent selection method to obtain herbal phytochemicals is time consuming and limited by effort and cost. The combination of property prediction models with computer-assisted search is one way to overcome these drawbacks. Thus, the main objective of this work is to present a computer-aided methodology for the design of solvent blends in extracting herb phytochemicals optimally with cost evaluation. The methodology can be summarised into two main stages, namely, model-based design and experimental-verification stages. The result discussed in this paper is only for the first stage. The extraction of kaempferol from Kacip Fatimah herb is used as a base case study that follows all of the listed tasks. Five optimal binary solvent blends have been identified namely, methanol:isobutyraldehyde (M:IB), methanol:n-propionaldehyde (M:PP), methanol:water (M:W), methanol: ethyl acetate (M:EA) and methanol: acetic acid (M:AA). The M:IB solvent blend is able to extract the highest kaempferol yield while M:PP gives the highest profit.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125715995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.15282/JCEIB.V4I1.3740
F. A. Alaw, N. Sulaiman, Henry Tan
Billions of barrels of oil and gas are consumed around the world daily and these oil and gas are being mainly transported and distributed through pipelines. The pipelines are demonstrably safe and are reliable systems to transport hydrocarbons, owing to the combination of good design, materials, and operating practices. However, if the pipeline fail, it is one of the most frustrating issues as its significant adverse would impact environment and public safety as well as severe economic loss. The objective of this study is to construct a cause and effect relationship framework of pipeline failure due to human factor using Bayesian Network (BN) approach. The potential human factors of the pipeline failure linked to corrosion were identified and categorized into three categories that are maintenance, monitoring, and operational errors. The predictive and diagnosis analyses of the Bayesian Network were performed to find the casual links which cause the failure in the system and make a prediction of the control measures to reduce the rate of the human mistakes. Results revealed that operational error showed a significant effect when the system operates beyond the limits of its design. In conclusion, Bayesian Networks appear to be a solution to build an effective oil and gas pipeline human error management model by providing information about the important human error that needs to be controlled. Thus, this framework may assist the decision maker to decide when and where to take preventive or mitigate measures in the risk management process of a pipeline.
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