Pub Date : 2021-11-21DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v7i2.7021
S. M. Yusof, L. P. Teh
In recent years, there has been growing interest in adsorbents with high surface area, high porosity, high stability and high selectivity for CO2 adsorption. By the incorporation of the additive on the supports such as zeolite, silica, and carbon, the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and CO2 adsorption performance can be enhanced. In this review, we focus on the overview of bifunctional materials (BFMs) for CO2 adsorption. The findings of this study suggests that the high surface area and high porosity of the support provide a good medium for high dispersion and accessibility of additives (amine or metal oxide), enhancing the CO2 adsorption efficiency. The excessive additive however may lead to a decrease of CO2 adsorption performance due to pore blockage and the decrease of active sites for CO2 interactions. The synergistic relationship of the supporting material and additive is significant towards the enhancement of CO2 adsorption.
{"title":"Bifunctional Materials for CO₂ Adsorption: Short Review","authors":"S. M. Yusof, L. P. Teh","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v7i2.7021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i2.7021","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been growing interest in adsorbents with high surface area, high porosity, high stability and high selectivity for CO2 adsorption. By the incorporation of the additive on the supports such as zeolite, silica, and carbon, the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and CO2 adsorption performance can be enhanced. In this review, we focus on the overview of bifunctional materials (BFMs) for CO2 adsorption. The findings of this study suggests that the high surface area and high porosity of the support provide a good medium for high dispersion and accessibility of additives (amine or metal oxide), enhancing the CO2 adsorption efficiency. The excessive additive however may lead to a decrease of CO2 adsorption performance due to pore blockage and the decrease of active sites for CO2 interactions. The synergistic relationship of the supporting material and additive is significant towards the enhancement of CO2 adsorption.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125495673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-21DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v7i2.6755
N. A. Nata, F. Mohd Said, S. Md Shaarani@Md Nawi, N. Harun
Lovastatin is a potent drug for lowering the blood cholesterol. It is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hyroxy3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is a key enzyme in the cholesterol production pathway. Lovastatin increases the good cholesterol or high-density lipoproteins to prevent the formation of plaque inside the blood vessels. This study aims to develop a process model of lovastatin production, produced by Monascus purpureus under solid-state fermentation using oil palm frond. SuperPro Design V9.5 software was used to develop and simulate the process model. Three parameters which are initial moisture content, composition of peptone and potassium, were varied to investigate their effects on lovastatin production. The optimum condition simulated using the process model at pH 7 with 60% initial moisture content, 0.0075 kg/hr of potassium, and 0.0075 kg/hr of peptone was able to produce 0.0288 kg/kg of lovastatin. The simulated results show good agreement with experimental work, with low percentage error of 5.77%, and provide a good approximation on the production of lovastatin under various process operating conditions.
{"title":"Simulation of Lovastatin Production in Solid-State Fermentation via Oil Palm Frond","authors":"N. A. Nata, F. Mohd Said, S. Md Shaarani@Md Nawi, N. Harun","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v7i2.6755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i2.6755","url":null,"abstract":"Lovastatin is a potent drug for lowering the blood cholesterol. It is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hyroxy3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is a key enzyme in the cholesterol production pathway. Lovastatin increases the good cholesterol or high-density lipoproteins to prevent the formation of plaque inside the blood vessels. This study aims to develop a process model of lovastatin production, produced by Monascus purpureus under solid-state fermentation using oil palm frond. SuperPro Design V9.5 software was used to develop and simulate the process model. Three parameters which are initial moisture content, composition of peptone and potassium, were varied to investigate their effects on lovastatin production. The optimum condition simulated using the process model at pH 7 with 60% initial moisture content, 0.0075 kg/hr of potassium, and 0.0075 kg/hr of peptone was able to produce 0.0288 kg/kg of lovastatin. The simulated results show good agreement with experimental work, with low percentage error of 5.77%, and provide a good approximation on the production of lovastatin under various process operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125992341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-21DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v7i2.6521
R. Abdul Rasid, G. Elamparithy, M. Ismail, N. Harun
This study evaluates the effect of various binders on the pelletization of raw and torrefied food waste (FW) towards its physical properties, including density, moisture reabsorption, and tensile strength of the formed pellets. Three binders; starch, lignin, and vegetable oil, were used to make the raw and torrefied FW pellets. It was found that the addition of lignin helps to improve the density of both, raw and torrefied FW pellets by 40% for raw FW pellets and up to 27% improvement for the torrefied FW pellets. In addition, increasing the concentration of lignin may also reduce moisture reabsorption from 48% to 40% of raw FW pellets, and the sorption was further reduced for the torrefied FW pellets. The addition of lignin improves the tensile strength, mainly the torrefied FW pellets. Results show that lignin inclusion demonstrates significant enhancement to the physical properties of FW pellets.
{"title":"The Effects of Additives on the Pelletization of Raw and Torrefied Food Waste","authors":"R. Abdul Rasid, G. Elamparithy, M. Ismail, N. Harun","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v7i2.6521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i2.6521","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the effect of various binders on the pelletization of raw and torrefied food waste (FW) towards its physical properties, including density, moisture reabsorption, and tensile strength of the formed pellets. Three binders; starch, lignin, and vegetable oil, were used to make the raw and torrefied FW pellets. It was found that the addition of lignin helps to improve the density of both, raw and torrefied FW pellets by 40% for raw FW pellets and up to 27% improvement for the torrefied FW pellets. In addition, increasing the concentration of lignin may also reduce moisture reabsorption from 48% to 40% of raw FW pellets, and the sorption was further reduced for the torrefied FW pellets. The addition of lignin improves the tensile strength, mainly the torrefied FW pellets. Results show that lignin inclusion demonstrates significant enhancement to the physical properties of FW pellets.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125931464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-21DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v7i2.3747
S. Ananthan, N. Ahmad, S. Noor, M. Munaim, S. Alias, H. Hamid, M. Mohammed, A. Romli
Oleochemical wastewater discharge from the industry into water sources is one of the main causes of water pollution. A proper treatment is required before the effluent is discharged to the environment. Since the oleochemical wastewater contains nutrients and probiotics that are good for plants, it could be used as a nutrient provider for the plants instead. Therefore, the formulation of synbiotic plant nutrients from this effluent is an effective way of using the oleochemical effluent. This study aimed to formulate the plant nutrients by using industrial wastewater, which contains the synbiotic enhancement and validating the significance of the formulated plant nutrients into three types of plants; Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), Solanum Melongena (Brinjal), and Capsicum annuum (Chilli peppers). Synbiotic is a combination of both prebiotics and probiotics that benefit the host by stimulating the growth of a limited number of health-promoting bacteria. To formulate the plant nutrient, the wastewater was filtered using a cotton cloth before the pre-biotics solution was added. Sample A (filtered wastewater was mixed with Sample B (prebiotics solution) by different percentages, namely F1 (100%:0%), F2 (75%:25%), F3 (50%:50%), F3 (25%:75%), 0%:100% (Sample A to Sample B respectively) and lastly, 50%:50% (Sample C (unfiltered wastewater) to Sample B respectively). The height of the plant and the number of leaves are measured weekly for four months. From the data, it can be seen that F3 gave significant results for the okra plant, in which it gains the highest height of plant compared to the other two plants. On the other hand, F6 give the best results for both the brinjal and the chilli plant where their leaves grow the highest from the second until the fourth month of plant growth. Hence, this research gives an added value to the wastewater, whereas the wastewater is used as the synbiotic plant nutrient enhancer and work best for the plants.
{"title":"Formulation of Plant Nutrient with Synbiotic Enhancement","authors":"S. Ananthan, N. Ahmad, S. Noor, M. Munaim, S. Alias, H. Hamid, M. Mohammed, A. Romli","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v7i2.3747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i2.3747","url":null,"abstract":"Oleochemical wastewater discharge from the industry into water sources is one of the main causes of water pollution. A proper treatment is required before the effluent is discharged to the environment. Since the oleochemical wastewater contains nutrients and probiotics that are good for plants, it could be used as a nutrient provider for the plants instead. Therefore, the formulation of synbiotic plant nutrients from this effluent is an effective way of using the oleochemical effluent. This study aimed to formulate the plant nutrients by using industrial wastewater, which contains the synbiotic enhancement and validating the significance of the formulated plant nutrients into three types of plants; Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), Solanum Melongena (Brinjal), and Capsicum annuum (Chilli peppers). Synbiotic is a combination of both prebiotics and probiotics that benefit the host by stimulating the growth of a limited number of health-promoting bacteria. To formulate the plant nutrient, the wastewater was filtered using a cotton cloth before the pre-biotics solution was added. Sample A (filtered wastewater was mixed with Sample B (prebiotics solution) by different percentages, namely F1 (100%:0%), F2 (75%:25%), F3 (50%:50%), F3 (25%:75%), 0%:100% (Sample A to Sample B respectively) and lastly, 50%:50% (Sample C (unfiltered wastewater) to Sample B respectively). The height of the plant and the number of leaves are measured weekly for four months. From the data, it can be seen that F3 gave significant results for the okra plant, in which it gains the highest height of plant compared to the other two plants. On the other hand, F6 give the best results for both the brinjal and the chilli plant where their leaves grow the highest from the second until the fourth month of plant growth. Hence, this research gives an added value to the wastewater, whereas the wastewater is used as the synbiotic plant nutrient enhancer and work best for the plants.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132961410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-21DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v7i2.7020
N. M. Salleh, F. F. Asmori, N. M. Shukri, S. F. M. Hanafiah
Imperata Cylindrica (IC) is a solid waste that is readily available throughout the year known as one of the most important weed in the world and frequently causes major disposal issues. As a result, using IC as a low-cost adsorbent is beneficial from both, economic and environmental standpoint to remove colors from wastewater of textile industry. This work studies the reaction optimization of methylene blue (MB) removal using IC by response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM experiments were designed with 4 independent variables (initial adsorbent dosage, initial pH, initial dye concentration, and initial temperature) and 1 response variable (percent removal of MB). According to the pareto figure, the initial pH demonstrated the greatest impact on the percent removal of MB. The RSM data predicted the optimum condition of MB removal up to 86.61% using IC, by utilizing adsorbent dosage of 1.458 g/L, at 42 oC, initial pH of 6.8 and MB concentration of 235 ppm. The chacterization analysis revealed the physicochemical properties of IC in the adsoprtion process.
{"title":"Adsorption Of Methylene Blue By Imperata Cylindrica: Reaction Optimization By Response Surface Methodology (RSM)","authors":"N. M. Salleh, F. F. Asmori, N. M. Shukri, S. F. M. Hanafiah","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v7i2.7020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i2.7020","url":null,"abstract":"Imperata Cylindrica (IC) is a solid waste that is readily available throughout the year known as one of the most important weed in the world and frequently causes major disposal issues. As a result, using IC as a low-cost adsorbent is beneficial from both, economic and environmental standpoint to remove colors from wastewater of textile industry. This work studies the reaction optimization of methylene blue (MB) removal using IC by response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM experiments were designed with 4 independent variables (initial adsorbent dosage, initial pH, initial dye concentration, and initial temperature) and 1 response variable (percent removal of MB). According to the pareto figure, the initial pH demonstrated the greatest impact on the percent removal of MB. The RSM data predicted the optimum condition of MB removal up to 86.61% using IC, by utilizing adsorbent dosage of 1.458 g/L, at 42 oC, initial pH of 6.8 and MB concentration of 235 ppm. The chacterization analysis revealed the physicochemical properties of IC in the adsoprtion process.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130526666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-08DOI: 10.15282/JCEIB.V5I2.3727
Alief Uzair Naharudin, S. Shaarani, Li Rou, N. Hamidi, Noormazlinah Ahmad, R. A. Rasid
The study focuses on investigating kapok fiber as an adsorbent for oily industrial wastewater. Kapok fiber, KF (Ceiba Pentandra) is a natural plant fiber that poses excellent hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristics, due to the presence of penetrable hollow lumen structure and waxy material on its surface. The objectives of this study are to investigate the morphology of raw and treated kapok fiber (KF) before and after adsorption of wastewater as well as to study the sorption capacity of KF (including raw KF, ethanol-treated KF and chloroform-treated KF) in wastewater. Hence, the morphology of raw KF and KF treated with oil are analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the sorption condition of different types of wastewater including emulsified wastewater, immiscible oil-and-liquid wastewater and non-oily wastewater on raw KF are studied in this experiment. From the study, the raw KF shows the best sorption capacity of oil (29.00g/g) compared to the ethanol-treated KF (18.22g/g) and Chloroform-treated KF (16.58g/g) as the treated KF has larger amount of cellulosic content (hydroxyl group) present on the wall of kapok, making it less oleophilic. On the other hand, raw KF has the lowest sorption capacity of water (0.59g/g) followed by ethanol-treated KF (3.05g/g) and chloroform-treated KF (3.20g/g) on non-oily wastewater. Kapok fiber shows great potential as oil sorbent on any type of oil owing to its excellent hydrophobicity-oleophilicity characteristic. In conclusion, the raw KF shows the best sorption capacity of oil compared to the ethanol-treated KF and chloroform-treated KF because the effectiveness is resulted from the hydrophobic waxy coating on the kapok surface. Besides that, the lower sorption capacity of water than oil is due to the incomplete removal of wax from the wall of kapok, making it a little hydrophilic (likes water) as compared to oleophilic (likes oil).
{"title":"KAPOK AS AN ADSORBENT FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER","authors":"Alief Uzair Naharudin, S. Shaarani, Li Rou, N. Hamidi, Noormazlinah Ahmad, R. A. Rasid","doi":"10.15282/JCEIB.V5I2.3727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/JCEIB.V5I2.3727","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on investigating kapok fiber as an adsorbent for oily industrial wastewater. Kapok fiber, KF (Ceiba Pentandra) is a natural plant fiber that poses excellent hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristics, due to the presence of penetrable hollow lumen structure and waxy material on its surface. The objectives of this study are to investigate the morphology of raw and treated kapok fiber (KF) before and after adsorption of wastewater as well as to study the sorption capacity of KF (including raw KF, ethanol-treated KF and chloroform-treated KF) in wastewater. Hence, the morphology of raw KF and KF treated with oil are analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the sorption condition of different types of wastewater including emulsified wastewater, immiscible oil-and-liquid wastewater and non-oily wastewater on raw KF are studied in this experiment. From the study, the raw KF shows the best sorption capacity of oil (29.00g/g) compared to the ethanol-treated KF (18.22g/g) and Chloroform-treated KF (16.58g/g) as the treated KF has larger amount of cellulosic content (hydroxyl group) present on the wall of kapok, making it less oleophilic. On the other hand, raw KF has the lowest sorption capacity of water (0.59g/g) followed by ethanol-treated KF (3.05g/g) and chloroform-treated KF (3.20g/g) on non-oily wastewater. Kapok fiber shows great potential as oil sorbent on any type of oil owing to its excellent hydrophobicity-oleophilicity characteristic. In conclusion, the raw KF shows the best sorption capacity of oil compared to the ethanol-treated KF and chloroform-treated KF because the effectiveness is resulted from the hydrophobic waxy coating on the kapok surface. Besides that, the lower sorption capacity of water than oil is due to the incomplete removal of wax from the wall of kapok, making it a little hydrophilic (likes water) as compared to oleophilic (likes oil).","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128606602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3897
M. Jami, M. Ahmad, Olalere Olusegun Abayomi, Mohammed Ngabura
Moringa oleifera is a well-known tropical plant with myriads medicinal and nutritional benefits. Its nutraceutical functions are due to the presence of mineral element and phytochemical components which necessitate their profiling. In this study, the elemental and chemical profiles of husk wastes from Moringa oleifera plants were elucidated using Liquid Chromatography equipped with an electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LCMS-QToF) and X-ray Fluorescence analyser. The confirmation of 493 bioactive compounds and two higher concentrations of micronutrients (calcium and potassium) indicated the potential of the Moringa oleifera extracts for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Also, the minimal presence of trace elements such as Cu, Si, Mo and Sr showed that they are non-toxic and can therefore be used as food supplement for both human and in animal feed. The result of this researchcould therefore provide lead for future investigation.
{"title":"ELEMENTAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Moringa oleifera HUSK EXTRACTS","authors":"M. Jami, M. Ahmad, Olalere Olusegun Abayomi, Mohammed Ngabura","doi":"10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3897","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera is a well-known tropical plant with myriads medicinal and nutritional benefits. Its nutraceutical functions are due to the presence of mineral element and phytochemical components which necessitate their profiling. In this study, the elemental and chemical profiles of husk wastes from Moringa oleifera plants were elucidated using Liquid Chromatography equipped with an electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LCMS-QToF) and X-ray Fluorescence analyser. The confirmation of 493 bioactive compounds and two higher concentrations of micronutrients (calcium and potassium) indicated the potential of the Moringa oleifera extracts for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Also, the minimal presence of trace elements such as Cu, Si, Mo and Sr showed that they are non-toxic and can therefore be used as food supplement for both human and in animal feed. The result of this researchcould therefore provide lead for future investigation.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121549130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3896
J. A. Alara, O. R. Alara
Aloe vera is a perennial ethno-medicinal potential plant with a xerophytic characteristic, but not a cactus. It has a famous history owing to its phytopharmaceutical properties and this had made it useful in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Studies had shown the positive effects of its extract against bacteria, organisms. The phytochemical properties of A. vera have fungi, virus and parasitic been exploited for various economic and commercial purposes. This review contributes literature on the bioactive potential composition, processing and the pharmaceutical potential uses, an adverse side-effect that might spring up in case of over dosage and important safety precautions are summarized. More scientific innovations and developments in the aspect of analytical chemistry are on the way to provide more acceptable, purified chemical characterization of A. vera using sophisticated laboratory equipment and machines.
{"title":"ETHNO-MEDICINAL POTENTIALS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Aloe vera: A REVIEW","authors":"J. A. Alara, O. R. Alara","doi":"10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3896","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe vera is a perennial ethno-medicinal potential plant with a xerophytic characteristic, but not a cactus. It has a famous history owing to its phytopharmaceutical properties and this had made it useful in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Studies had shown the positive effects of its extract against bacteria, organisms. The phytochemical properties of A. vera have fungi, virus and parasitic been exploited for various economic and commercial purposes. This review contributes literature on the bioactive potential composition, processing and the pharmaceutical potential uses, an adverse side-effect that might spring up in case of over dosage and important safety precautions are summarized. More scientific innovations and developments in the aspect of analytical chemistry are on the way to provide more acceptable, purified chemical characterization of A. vera using sophisticated laboratory equipment and machines.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114526241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3893
Nur Aqidah Muhammad Harinder Khan, S. Z. Sulaiman, I. Izhab, S. K. A. Mudalip, R. C. Man, S. Shaarani, Z. Arshad, R. Kasmani, S. Sulaiman
In this study, a numerical simulation on the premixed CH4/CO2/Air (methane/carbon dioxide/air) mixture explosion characteristics was conducted by using the Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACs) software. The domain used in the 20 L spherical vessel with 0.808 m diameter. The effect of various equivalence ratios on the explosion characteristics such as the explosion pressure, Pex, maximum explosion overpressure, Pmax, the maximum rate of the pressure rise, (dP/dt)max and gas deflagration index, KG, were studied. For this purpose, the mixture concentrations range from equivalence ratio (ER) 0.8 to 1.5 (9.6 to 18% vol/vol) were considered. From this study, the explosion pressure, Pex, maximum explosion overpressure, Pmax, and the maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt)max, at various ER was the maximum at a slightly rich concentration (ER=1.2). At lean and rich mixtures, the Pex, Pmax, (dP/dt)max and KG decreases. It can be said that, at ER=1.2, the role of thermal-diffusive instability and its effect on the flame speed during the pressure development process had causes the diffused methane, CH4, to react further into the flame front, which significantly increases the mixture mass burning rate and flame was also found to propagates the fastest at ER=1.2 due to the incompletecombustion process caused by the insufficient and excess CH4 present in the lean and rich mixtures. The CH4/CO2/air mixtures studied in this study were also found to have the highest level of hazard potential when exploded.
{"title":"NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON PREMIXED CH4/CO2/AIR EXPLOSION CHARACTERISTICS","authors":"Nur Aqidah Muhammad Harinder Khan, S. Z. Sulaiman, I. Izhab, S. K. A. Mudalip, R. C. Man, S. Shaarani, Z. Arshad, R. Kasmani, S. Sulaiman","doi":"10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3893","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a numerical simulation on the premixed CH4/CO2/Air (methane/carbon dioxide/air) mixture explosion characteristics was conducted by using the Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACs) software. The domain used in the 20 L spherical vessel with 0.808 m diameter. The effect of various equivalence ratios on the explosion characteristics such as the explosion pressure, Pex, maximum explosion overpressure, Pmax, the maximum rate of the pressure rise, (dP/dt)max and gas deflagration index, KG, were studied. For this purpose, the mixture concentrations range from equivalence ratio (ER) 0.8 to 1.5 (9.6 to 18% vol/vol) were considered. From this study, the explosion pressure, Pex, maximum explosion overpressure, Pmax, and the maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt)max, at various ER was the maximum at a slightly rich concentration (ER=1.2). At lean and rich mixtures, the Pex, Pmax, (dP/dt)max and KG decreases. It can be said that, at ER=1.2, the role of thermal-diffusive instability and its effect on the flame speed during the pressure development process had causes the diffused methane, CH4, to react further into the flame front, which significantly increases the mixture mass burning rate and flame was also found to propagates the fastest at ER=1.2 due to the incompletecombustion process caused by the insufficient and excess CH4 present in the lean and rich mixtures. The CH4/CO2/air mixtures studied in this study were also found to have the highest level of hazard potential when exploded.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114632762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15282/JCEIB.V5I1.3888
A. Zaid, S. Ghazali, N. S. A. Mutamim, Olalere Olusegun Abayomi, N. H. Abdurahman
Inrecent times, the consumption of water for domestic and industrial use has been on an increasing trend with a rise in demand. Therefore, a need for a plant-based alternative of water treatment process at a lower cost using an environmentally friendly approach. Moringa olifeira is an example ogf the plant-based materials usually grown in developing countries with a natural coagulating property. In this study, the Jar test was conducted to evaluate the performance of Moringa olifeira cake residue (MOCR) as biocoagulant for the treatment of water for safe drinking. The result obtained showed the lowest turbidity, pH, TDS, and water conductivity value as 4.7 NTU (0.75 mg/L), 5.2 (2.5 mg/L), 40 ppm (1.0 mg/L), and 50us/cm (0.50 mg/L), respectively. Moreover, the standards COD and BOD values were less than the recommended Malaysian Standard of Water Quality of 250 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. Hence, MOCR therefore is a potential source for plant-based coagulating agent for water treatment for domestic drinking water.
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