Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9642
F. Mohd Said, N. F. S. Daud
Monascus fungi are unique among the various microorganisms that produce edible pigments, which consist of red, orange and yellow. These pigments are typically present in a mixture. Hence, pigment separation is needed. This study aims to optimize solvent systems that can effectively fractionate the pigments. The optimization was carried out using column chromatography and the data was analyzed using Central Composite Design (CCD). The interaction of the solvent systems ethyl acetate : formic acid : acetic acid : water was optimized. The optimal solvent system obtained was 98 : 14 : 12 : 28 (vol/vol.) for ethyl acetate : formic acid : acetic acid : water, respectively. The red and yellow pigment obtained were 2.42 mg and 0.93 mg, respectively. Based on the finding, 72.2% of the Monascus pigments was red while remaining was yellow.
{"title":"Optimization of Color Fractionation of Monascus Pigment","authors":"F. Mohd Said, N. F. S. Daud","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9642","url":null,"abstract":"Monascus fungi are unique among the various microorganisms that produce edible pigments, which consist of red, orange and yellow. These pigments are typically present in a mixture. Hence, pigment separation is needed. This study aims to optimize solvent systems that can effectively fractionate the pigments. The optimization was carried out using column chromatography and the data was analyzed using Central Composite Design (CCD). The interaction of the solvent systems ethyl acetate : formic acid : acetic acid : water was optimized. The optimal solvent system obtained was 98 : 14 : 12 : 28 (vol/vol.) for ethyl acetate : formic acid : acetic acid : water, respectively. The red and yellow pigment obtained were 2.42 mg and 0.93 mg, respectively. Based on the finding, 72.2% of the Monascus pigments was red while remaining was yellow.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9253
Siti Hajar Omar, Rosli Mohd Yunus, Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan, M. M. Saari
Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have potential in biological, biomedical, and environmental applications because of their magnetic susceptibility, stability, and biocompatibility characteristics. However, it also has limitations, such as the aggregation of magnetic NP. Thus, the outer surface of the particles should be modified by coating materials. This paper focused on synthesizing iron oxide by chemical reduction method and coating it with Fe(III) nitrate, PVP, and hydrazine. The coating solution at two different concentrations was prepared to determine effective and economical usage conditions. The effect of coating iron oxide with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was conducted at different concentrations of iron oxide on the nanomaterials with respect to morphological, thermal, and magnetic susceptibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated good morphology images of FeNp-MCC. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra reveal the presence of carbon, oxygen, and iron in the synthesized microparticles.TGA analysis showed iron material was succesfully formed into the surface of microcrystalline cellulose. Lastly,the magnetism results proved that cellulose is strongly interacting with magnetite nanoparticles.
氧化铁纳米粒子（NPs）具有磁感应性、稳定性和生物相容性等特点，因此在生物、生物医学和环境应用中具有潜力。然而，它也有局限性，比如磁性 NP 的聚集。因此，应通过涂层材料来修饰颗粒的外表面。本文主要通过化学还原法合成氧化铁，并用硝酸铁（III）、PVP 和肼对其进行包覆。制备了两种不同浓度的涂层溶液，以确定有效和经济的使用条件。研究了不同浓度的氧化铁与微晶纤维素（MCC）涂层对纳米材料形态、热和磁感应强度的影响。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示了 FeNp-MCC 的良好形态图像。能量色散 X 射线（EDX）光谱显示合成微粒中存在碳、氧和铁。最后，磁性结果证明，纤维素与磁铁矿纳米粒子之间存在强烈的相互作用。
{"title":"Ferromagnetic Enhancement of Microcrystalline Cellulose via Chemical Reduction Method","authors":"Siti Hajar Omar, Rosli Mohd Yunus, Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan, M. M. Saari","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9253","url":null,"abstract":"Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have potential in biological, biomedical, and environmental applications because of their magnetic susceptibility, stability, and biocompatibility characteristics. However, it also has limitations, such as the aggregation of magnetic NP. Thus, the outer surface of the particles should be modified by coating materials. This paper focused on synthesizing iron oxide by chemical reduction method and coating it with Fe(III) nitrate, PVP, and hydrazine. The coating solution at two different concentrations was prepared to determine effective and economical usage conditions. The effect of coating iron oxide with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was conducted at different concentrations of iron oxide on the nanomaterials with respect to morphological, thermal, and magnetic susceptibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated good morphology images of FeNp-MCC. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra reveal the presence of carbon, oxygen, and iron in the synthesized microparticles.TGA analysis showed iron material was succesfully formed into the surface of microcrystalline cellulose. Lastly,the magnetism results proved that cellulose is strongly interacting with magnetite nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9226
M. Razali, N. Mohd Ramli, Syahirah Syazwani Mohd Tarmizi, Nasreldeen Ishag Obi
The separation of oily wastewater is one of the main processes in the water treatment field. A biological approach that can replace the use of chemical coagulants hazardous to human health is an efficient solution in treating oily wastewater. However, bio- coagulants have a time limit that can affect their effectiveness in treating oily wastewater. Thus, this paper presents research for the aging effect of bio-coagulant for treating oily wastewater. In this study, G-Treat was used as the bio-coagulant, which was produced from chitosan powder, acetic acid, and deionized water. The experimental procedure started by filling 500 mL of oily wastewater into a beaker. Next, 10 wt. % of G- Treat was added into the beaker for the jar test, which was mixed for 30 min at 150 rpm, followed by 2 h settling time. Then, the mixture was separated using filter paper. The analysis of oily wastewater characteristics was conducted using five types of analyses, which are pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total sus- pended solids (TSS), and oil and grease (O&G) under the parameters of days (0–7 days), weeks (0–6 weeks), and months (0–3 months). From the result, the best performance of G-Treat was achieved at the optimum parameters during week 2, with 33.16%, 65.75%, 35.73%, 28.58%, and 0% removal of pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and O&G, respectively. In conclusion, the studied bio-coagulant demonstrated higher removal of pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and O&G at optimum parameters, and eventually, the level of effectiveness will drop.
{"title":"Investigation of the Aging Effect of Bio-Coagulant for Oily Wastewater Treatment","authors":"M. Razali, N. Mohd Ramli, Syahirah Syazwani Mohd Tarmizi, Nasreldeen Ishag Obi","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9226","url":null,"abstract":"The separation of oily wastewater is one of the main processes in the water treatment field. A biological approach that can replace the use of chemical coagulants hazardous to human health is an efficient solution in treating oily wastewater. However, bio- coagulants have a time limit that can affect their effectiveness in treating oily wastewater. Thus, this paper presents research for the aging effect of bio-coagulant for treating oily wastewater. In this study, G-Treat was used as the bio-coagulant, which was produced from chitosan powder, acetic acid, and deionized water. The experimental procedure started by filling 500 mL of oily wastewater into a beaker. Next, 10 wt. % of G- Treat was added into the beaker for the jar test, which was mixed for 30 min at 150 rpm, followed by 2 h settling time. Then, the mixture was separated using filter paper. The analysis of oily wastewater characteristics was conducted using five types of analyses, which are pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total sus- pended solids (TSS), and oil and grease (O&G) under the parameters of days (0–7 days), weeks (0–6 weeks), and months (0–3 months). From the result, the best performance of G-Treat was achieved at the optimum parameters during week 2, with 33.16%, 65.75%, 35.73%, 28.58%, and 0% removal of pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and O&G, respectively. In conclusion, the studied bio-coagulant demonstrated higher removal of pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and O&G at optimum parameters, and eventually, the level of effectiveness will drop.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":" 53","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9495
Abubakar S Ahmed, Murtala Ahmed, Aliyu Bello
Using solvents to remove carbon dioxide is an effective way to purify natural gas. Diffusion of solute in solvent is key to natural gas purification. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the diffusion of carbon dioxide in heptane at different temperatures and pressures were performed to simulate the conditions of industrial purification process. The diffusion coefficients were measured in two different configurations; pure solvent and binary solute-solvent systems. The diffusion coefficients of the binary system were observed to be in the order of 10-9 m2/s. An increased temperature was observed to increase the diffusion coefficient of the carbon dioxide in heptane while an increase in pressure reduced the value of the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient was also observed to follow an Arrhenius-type relationship with respect to temperature. The activation energy of the system increased from 9.228 kJ/mol to 11.139 kJ/mol with pressure increase. A linear relationship was detected between the diffusion coefficient and the viscosity of the system and an increased viscosity of the system results in a decreased diffusion coefficient. The results of the research showed that carbon dioxide behavior in heptane offers the theoretical backing for the development of a new natural gas desulphurization solvent.
{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide in Heptane: Application in Natural Gas Cleaning","authors":"Abubakar S Ahmed, Murtala Ahmed, Aliyu Bello","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i2.9495","url":null,"abstract":"Using solvents to remove carbon dioxide is an effective way to purify natural gas. Diffusion of solute in solvent is key to natural gas purification. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the diffusion of carbon dioxide in heptane at different temperatures and pressures were performed to simulate the conditions of industrial purification process. The diffusion coefficients were measured in two different configurations; pure solvent and binary solute-solvent systems. The diffusion coefficients of the binary system were observed to be in the order of 10-9 m2/s. An increased temperature was observed to increase the diffusion coefficient of the carbon dioxide in heptane while an increase in pressure reduced the value of the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient was also observed to follow an Arrhenius-type relationship with respect to temperature. The activation energy of the system increased from 9.228 kJ/mol to 11.139 kJ/mol with pressure increase. A linear relationship was detected between the diffusion coefficient and the viscosity of the system and an increased viscosity of the system results in a decreased diffusion coefficient. The results of the research showed that carbon dioxide behavior in heptane offers the theoretical backing for the development of a new natural gas desulphurization solvent.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i2.10008
Ramzi Qasem, Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah, W. Alhadadi
The accumulation of waste tires in our society is a pressing issue due to their short lifespan and increasing demand. This research delves into effective methods for recycling waste tires, with a particular focus on utilizing biopolymers. Polylactic acid (PLA), a completely biodegradable polymer, has gained popularity for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and ease of processing. To overcome its toughness and thermal stability limitations, PLA has been blended with commercial polymers, such as rubber. Furthermore, the incorporation of recycled tire waste into PLA has demonstrated the potential to enhance its durability and strength. Joncryl® ADR is used as a chain extender and reactive compatibilizer to enhance the chemical interactions in the binary blend. The samples were prepared using a twin-screw extruder with the temperature between 150 and 190 ºC and 60 rpm of screw speed. These blends are then analyzed using a range of characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, and notched Izod impact testing. The blends were then characterized by chemical changes, thermal transitions, and thermal degradation. it was found that the 90/10/0.6 (PLA/RW/ADR) nanocomposite exhibited maximum thermal degradation.
{"title":"Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ recycled tyre rubber waste compatibilised with chain extender","authors":"Ramzi Qasem, Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah, W. Alhadadi","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i2.10008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i2.10008","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation of waste tires in our society is a pressing issue due to their short lifespan and increasing demand. This research delves into effective methods for recycling waste tires, with a particular focus on utilizing biopolymers. Polylactic acid (PLA), a completely biodegradable polymer, has gained popularity for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and ease of processing. To overcome its toughness and thermal stability limitations, PLA has been blended with commercial polymers, such as rubber. Furthermore, the incorporation of recycled tire waste into PLA has demonstrated the potential to enhance its durability and strength. Joncryl® ADR is used as a chain extender and reactive compatibilizer to enhance the chemical interactions in the binary blend. The samples were prepared using a twin-screw extruder with the temperature between 150 and 190 ºC and 60 rpm of screw speed. These blends are then analyzed using a range of characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, and notched Izod impact testing. The blends were then characterized by chemical changes, thermal transitions, and thermal degradation. it was found that the 90/10/0.6 (PLA/RW/ADR) nanocomposite exhibited maximum thermal degradation.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":" May","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9306
Mohd Affandi Mohd Ali, Liyana Amer Shah, Nurul Hidayah Ghazali
This work presents the effects of biodiesel blending on its properties, emissions, and performance. The rubber seed oil (RSO) and waste cooking oil (WCO)-based biodiesel were prepared using a transesterification method in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. Several formulations were derived from two types of biodiesels (RSO and WCO) and tested according to the ASTM D6751 specification for acid value, free fatty acid (FFA), kinematic viscosity, pour point, cloud point, density, and calorific value. For the WCO-based biodiesel, the best blend was WCO B5, with properties closely matching those of petrodiesel. Significantly, the formulations with higher WCO content (e.g., B10 and above) suffered from serious drops (above 8%) in calorific value. In contrast, the RSO diesel blend showed less than 5% drops in calorific value for formulations up to a 20% biodiesel blend (B20). In addition, an indiscernible difference was obtained between the WCO B5, RSO B5, and petrodiesel in terms of engine power, torque, and CO2 emissions, although the RSO B5 did produce less NOx (158 ppm) than both the WCO B5 (390 ppm) and the petrodiesel (220 ppm). The results showed that blending of WCO and RSO with petrodiesel up to 10%, i.e., B10, is practically applicable for diesel cars with power reduction less than 10%.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF BLENDING RATIO ON BIODIESEL PROPERTIES, EMISSIONS AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE","authors":"Mohd Affandi Mohd Ali, Liyana Amer Shah, Nurul Hidayah Ghazali","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9306","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the effects of biodiesel blending on its properties, emissions, and performance. The rubber seed oil (RSO) and waste cooking oil (WCO)-based biodiesel were prepared using a transesterification method in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. Several formulations were derived from two types of biodiesels (RSO and WCO) and tested according to the ASTM D6751 specification for acid value, free fatty acid (FFA), kinematic viscosity, pour point, cloud point, density, and calorific value. For the WCO-based biodiesel, the best blend was WCO B5, with properties closely matching those of petrodiesel. Significantly, the formulations with higher WCO content (e.g., B10 and above) suffered from serious drops (above 8%) in calorific value. In contrast, the RSO diesel blend showed less than 5% drops in calorific value for formulations up to a 20% biodiesel blend (B20). In addition, an indiscernible difference was obtained between the WCO B5, RSO B5, and petrodiesel in terms of engine power, torque, and CO2 emissions, although the RSO B5 did produce less NOx (158 ppm) than both the WCO B5 (390 ppm) and the petrodiesel (220 ppm). The results showed that blending of WCO and RSO with petrodiesel up to 10%, i.e., B10, is practically applicable for diesel cars with power reduction less than 10%.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i1.8723
Wan Hanisah W Ibrahim, Ruwaida Abdul Rasid, Nanang Subagyo Hariyanto, Nurul Amirah Mohd Faizal, Nurul Nadia Mazlan
Food security has been a recurrent concern for numerous nations, including Malaysia. Climate change and population growth exacerbate this issue by increasing necessity food. In past few years, aquaponics has proven beneficial for fish and plant production, based on the idea that if every household can generate its own fish and plants, the nation's overall food consumption will reduce. The suggested smart house aquaponics system comprises an assortment of internet-connected sensors, actuators, and ESP32 microcontrollers that continuously monitor, adjust, and record the water and air quality of the fish tank. The Internet of Things (IoT) mobile application feature can alert the user in the event of an abnormal system state in terms of maintaining the health and growth of fish and plants. The Internet of Things (IoT) mobile application feature can alert the user in the event of an abnormal system state in terms of maintaining the health and growth of fish and plants. When the pH and turbidity thresholds are surpassed, the pumps are actuated to either fill or drain the tank. The results show that the design for a smart aquaponics system that can be used in a home is able to monitor and control all the parameters that are needed to cultivate wholesome fish and vegetation.
{"title":"Smart Home Aquaponic System Monitoring and Control with Internet of Things Using Mobile Application","authors":"Wan Hanisah W Ibrahim, Ruwaida Abdul Rasid, Nanang Subagyo Hariyanto, Nurul Amirah Mohd Faizal, Nurul Nadia Mazlan","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i1.8723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i1.8723","url":null,"abstract":"Food security has been a recurrent concern for numerous nations, including Malaysia. Climate change and population growth exacerbate this issue by increasing necessity food. In past few years, aquaponics has proven beneficial for fish and plant production, based on the idea that if every household can generate its own fish and plants, the nation's overall food consumption will reduce. The suggested smart house aquaponics system comprises an assortment of internet-connected sensors, actuators, and ESP32 microcontrollers that continuously monitor, adjust, and record the water and air quality of the fish tank. The Internet of Things (IoT) mobile application feature can alert the user in the event of an abnormal system state in terms of maintaining the health and growth of fish and plants. The Internet of Things (IoT) mobile application feature can alert the user in the event of an abnormal system state in terms of maintaining the health and growth of fish and plants. When the pH and turbidity thresholds are surpassed, the pumps are actuated to either fill or drain the tank. The results show that the design for a smart aquaponics system that can be used in a home is able to monitor and control all the parameters that are needed to cultivate wholesome fish and vegetation.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9466
KHADIJAH HUSNA ABD HAMID, Tarchiani Jayakumar, Sarmeswari Gunasegaran, NURUL AINI MOHD AZMAN
In this study, a packaging film was developed using semi-refined carrageenan, incorporating varying concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the properties of the SRC-based film. The films were prepared through a casting method, and the resulting samples were characterized in terms of their functional, mechanical, and physical properties. The SRC film containing 1 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated the highest tensile strength. However, with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles at any concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%), the elongation at break of the SRC film decreased in comparison to the SRC film without TiO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, as the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles increased from 1 to 7 wt%, the moisture content, and water solubility of the SRC films decreased. The FTIR spectra analysis provided valuable information on the interaction between SRC and TiO2 nanoparticles. The results suggest that incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles into semi-refined carrageenan films shows promise for developing packaging materials with improved mechanical strength and physical performance.
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Semi-refined Carrageenan Films Incorporated with TiO2 Nanoparticles","authors":"KHADIJAH HUSNA ABD HAMID, Tarchiani Jayakumar, Sarmeswari Gunasegaran, NURUL AINI MOHD AZMAN","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9466","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a packaging film was developed using semi-refined carrageenan, incorporating varying concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the properties of the SRC-based film. The films were prepared through a casting method, and the resulting samples were characterized in terms of their functional, mechanical, and physical properties. The SRC film containing 1 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated the highest tensile strength. However, with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles at any concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%), the elongation at break of the SRC film decreased in comparison to the SRC film without TiO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, as the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles increased from 1 to 7 wt%, the moisture content, and water solubility of the SRC films decreased. The FTIR spectra analysis provided valuable information on the interaction between SRC and TiO2 nanoparticles. The results suggest that incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles into semi-refined carrageenan films shows promise for developing packaging materials with improved mechanical strength and physical performance.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9369
Haruna Ibrahim, Abubakar Ali
The proscription of the use of shark liver oil for the production of squalene by the International Ocean Conservation and Advocacy Organization (IOCAO) for the protection of sharks in 2005, leads to a great reduction in its quantity in circulation. The quantity in circulation is not enough to meet its growing demand. Therefore, the research for the synthesis of squalene was extended to the use of Gmelina arborea leaves. This was carried out by treating the dry leaves of Gmelina arborea with methanol and a barium chloride catalyst at 90 °C at varying reaction times in minutes. The products were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS revealed the following results; 162.39, 171.98, 145.69, 92.43, 108.32 and 118.83 mg/g for the reaction times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes, respectively. The maximum yield achieved was 171.98 mg/g at a reaction time of 20 minutes and the minimum yield was 92.43 mg/g at a time of 40 minutes. This method is fast, safe, cost-efficient and economically viable for squalene production. Hence, Gmelina arborea has the potential for squalene production to meet up with the global demand.
{"title":"Facile Synthetical Method of Squalene from Vegetable Residue","authors":"Haruna Ibrahim, Abubakar Ali","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v9i1.9369","url":null,"abstract":"The proscription of the use of shark liver oil for the production of squalene by the International Ocean Conservation and Advocacy Organization (IOCAO) for the protection of sharks in 2005, leads to a great reduction in its quantity in circulation. The quantity in circulation is not enough to meet its growing demand. Therefore, the research for the synthesis of squalene was extended to the use of Gmelina arborea leaves. This was carried out by treating the dry leaves of Gmelina arborea with methanol and a barium chloride catalyst at 90 °C at varying reaction times in minutes. The products were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS revealed the following results; 162.39, 171.98, 145.69, 92.43, 108.32 and 118.83 mg/g for the reaction times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes, respectively. The maximum yield achieved was 171.98 mg/g at a reaction time of 20 minutes and the minimum yield was 92.43 mg/g at a time of 40 minutes. This method is fast, safe, cost-efficient and economically viable for squalene production. Hence, Gmelina arborea has the potential for squalene production to meet up with the global demand.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.15282/jceib.v8i2.8716
R. M. Mohd Zaki, H. D. Setiabudi, N. Kamarudin, B. Abdulkadir
The presence of heavy metals in the environment is undeniably harmful and toxic to living things, where the presence of Pb(II) inside human foods and drinks results in various diseases. The use of adsorption as a method of wastewater treatment is widespread, and effective adsorption performance depends on appropriate adsorbent selection. In this research, dendritic fibrous type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15) was prepared and used for lead (Pb(II)) adsorption. The physicochemical properties of the DFSBA-15 were characterized using TEM, BET, and FTIR. The characterization analyses confirmed the formation of fibrous morphology, moderate surface area, and bulk -OH. Several factors, including contact time (min), adsorbent dosage (g/L), pH, and initial concentration (mg/L), were examined for Pb(II) adsorption. The best adsorption performance (89.88%) was attained at 180 min, 1 g/L of adsorbent dosage, pH 5, and 100 mg/L of Pb(II) initial concentration. Pseudo-second-order reaction type and Langmuir isotherm provided good fits to the experimental data, with R2 ≥ 0.9943 and R2 = 0.9982, respectively. In short, the DFSBA-15 exhibits great potential for excellent Pb(II) removal.
{"title":"Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Dendritic Fibrous Type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15)","authors":"R. M. Mohd Zaki, H. D. Setiabudi, N. Kamarudin, B. Abdulkadir","doi":"10.15282/jceib.v8i2.8716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v8i2.8716","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metals in the environment is undeniably harmful and toxic to living things, where the presence of Pb(II) inside human foods and drinks results in various diseases. The use of adsorption as a method of wastewater treatment is widespread, and effective adsorption performance depends on appropriate adsorbent selection. In this research, dendritic fibrous type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15) was prepared and used for lead (Pb(II)) adsorption. The physicochemical properties of the DFSBA-15 were characterized using TEM, BET, and FTIR. The characterization analyses confirmed the formation of fibrous morphology, moderate surface area, and bulk -OH. Several factors, including contact time (min), adsorbent dosage (g/L), pH, and initial concentration (mg/L), were examined for Pb(II) adsorption. The best adsorption performance (89.88%) was attained at 180 min, 1 g/L of adsorbent dosage, pH 5, and 100 mg/L of Pb(II) initial concentration. Pseudo-second-order reaction type and Langmuir isotherm provided good fits to the experimental data, with R2 ≥ 0.9943 and R2 = 0.9982, respectively. In short, the DFSBA-15 exhibits great potential for excellent Pb(II) removal.","PeriodicalId":235976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114353074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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