Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2024.2317322
Athil AL-EZZI, Ekhlas. Kader, S. Alazzawi
{"title":"Effect of alloying elements on microstructural and electrical property in Sn–Cu–Bi lead-free solder alloys","authors":"Athil AL-EZZI, Ekhlas. Kader, S. Alazzawi","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2024.2317322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2024.2317322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2293887
Andre A. Vicente, Ana Carla S. Silva, E. A. Torres López, Marcos Pereira, Tfa Santos, Jorge A. S. Tenório
{"title":"The possible solidification modes of austenitic stainless steels joints according to different chemical compositions and cooling rates","authors":"Andre A. Vicente, Ana Carla S. Silva, E. A. Torres López, Marcos Pereira, Tfa Santos, Jorge A. S. Tenório","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2293887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2293887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140489663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2291064
Manank M. Patel, V. Badheka
Abstract Friction stir welding is a promising method for joining dissimilar metals. The transportation industries are increasingly focussing on enhancing the fuel efficiency of vehicles because of environmental regulations and costs. A solution to this problem can be manufacturing structures having the combination of both high-strength steel alloy as well as lightweight aluminium alloy. Researchers have been drawn towards solid-state joining techniques like friction stir welding (FSW) because of the challenges encountered in fusing steel and aluminium through traditional fusion welding methods. Unlike fusion welding, FSW does not involve the melting of parent materials. This review paper has made an effort to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research and development in the field of dissimilar FSW steel-Aluminium systems. The paper highlights the influence of Tool material and designs and also the influence of process parameters on weld quality. Moreover, the paper investigates the microstructural characteristics, Intermetallic compounds, mechanical properties, and common defects of dissimilar FSW joints, focusing on factors influencing joint strength and hardness. Furthermore, the environmental sustainability aspects of dissimilar have been discussed. Finally, existing variants and potential research areas are identified to enhance improved mechanical properties and process efficiency.
{"title":"A review on friction stir welding (FSW) process for dissimilar aluminium to steel metal systems","authors":"Manank M. Patel, V. Badheka","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2291064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2291064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Friction stir welding is a promising method for joining dissimilar metals. The transportation industries are increasingly focussing on enhancing the fuel efficiency of vehicles because of environmental regulations and costs. A solution to this problem can be manufacturing structures having the combination of both high-strength steel alloy as well as lightweight aluminium alloy. Researchers have been drawn towards solid-state joining techniques like friction stir welding (FSW) because of the challenges encountered in fusing steel and aluminium through traditional fusion welding methods. Unlike fusion welding, FSW does not involve the melting of parent materials. This review paper has made an effort to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research and development in the field of dissimilar FSW steel-Aluminium systems. The paper highlights the influence of Tool material and designs and also the influence of process parameters on weld quality. Moreover, the paper investigates the microstructural characteristics, Intermetallic compounds, mechanical properties, and common defects of dissimilar FSW joints, focusing on factors influencing joint strength and hardness. Furthermore, the environmental sustainability aspects of dissimilar have been discussed. Finally, existing variants and potential research areas are identified to enhance improved mechanical properties and process efficiency.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2293885
Vu Cong Hoa, Tra Ngoc Tien Dat, Do Huynh Nhu, Hao Dinh Duong, Tra Hung Tran
Abstract The friction stir welded (FSWed) butt-joints of 6061 aluminium alloy were fabricated by various pin geometries including cylindrical thread, tapered thread, triflate tapered thread and cylindrical non-thread. The attention was put on the role of the pin geometries in temperature distribution, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joints. The history of changing welding temperature is validated through both experimental work and numerical simulation. The results showed that the highest welding temperature was obtained about 480 °C at triflate tapered thread pin in both experiment and numerical simulation. In all cases, the tensile strength was reached approximately 200 MPa with the joint efficiency of 80% in comparison with base metal. The fracture location of the joints was found in the heat affected zone, where the lowest value of hardness was obtained. The stress of root bend was lower than that of face bend. Crack-free on the welding surface of face bend indicated that the joints are ductile. However, the specific influence of pin geometries on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joints is insignificant in this work.
{"title":"Influence of pin profiles on temperature distribution, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA6061","authors":"Vu Cong Hoa, Tra Ngoc Tien Dat, Do Huynh Nhu, Hao Dinh Duong, Tra Hung Tran","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2293885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2293885","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The friction stir welded (FSWed) butt-joints of 6061 aluminium alloy were fabricated by various pin geometries including cylindrical thread, tapered thread, triflate tapered thread and cylindrical non-thread. The attention was put on the role of the pin geometries in temperature distribution, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joints. The history of changing welding temperature is validated through both experimental work and numerical simulation. The results showed that the highest welding temperature was obtained about 480 °C at triflate tapered thread pin in both experiment and numerical simulation. In all cases, the tensile strength was reached approximately 200 MPa with the joint efficiency of 80% in comparison with base metal. The fracture location of the joints was found in the heat affected zone, where the lowest value of hardness was obtained. The stress of root bend was lower than that of face bend. Crack-free on the welding surface of face bend indicated that the joints are ductile. However, the specific influence of pin geometries on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joints is insignificant in this work.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2299765
Z. Boumerzoug, Y. Helal
Abstract The objective of this research work is to present the mechanism of rotary friction welding of two dissimilar steels (X70 steel and duplex stainless steel). The selected rotational speed was maintained during the welding process. The welded sample was characterized by optical microscopy and hardness measurements. The welding sequence was presented. The duration and the mechanism of different welding stages have been determined. Optical observation revealed distinct zones in the welded joint. The Vickers hardness profile showed the difference in hardness across the welded joint.
{"title":"Rotary friction welding of X70 steel to duplex stainless steel","authors":"Z. Boumerzoug, Y. Helal","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2299765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2299765","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this research work is to present the mechanism of rotary friction welding of two dissimilar steels (X70 steel and duplex stainless steel). The selected rotational speed was maintained during the welding process. The welded sample was characterized by optical microscopy and hardness measurements. The welding sequence was presented. The duration and the mechanism of different welding stages have been determined. Optical observation revealed distinct zones in the welded joint. The Vickers hardness profile showed the difference in hardness across the welded joint.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2285018
Lina M. Khalifah, Israa A. Aziz, Sami J. Ibrahim
Abstract Producing soundness weldments is the main goal to avoid catastrophic failures that occur in oil refineries, where the interaction of internal defects and residual stress with the working conditions leads to human and financial losses. AISI 1020- A106 carbon steel pipes that are used for oil products transmitted inside oil refineries have a 55 mm inner diameter with a 5 mm thickness and had been welded with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) for the first samples group, while the second group was welded using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. For surface defects detection the liquid penetration method was used, while for internal defects radiography method was used, and for residual stresses X-ray diffraction was used. The results showed that the first group of samples contained different types of internal defects with compressive residual stresses, while the second group was nearly clear of internal defects with tensile residual stresses.
{"title":"Defects and residual stresses effect on the functional performance of a 106 pipes after the welding process","authors":"Lina M. Khalifah, Israa A. Aziz, Sami J. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2285018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2285018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Producing soundness weldments is the main goal to avoid catastrophic failures that occur in oil refineries, where the interaction of internal defects and residual stress with the working conditions leads to human and financial losses. AISI 1020- A106 carbon steel pipes that are used for oil products transmitted inside oil refineries have a 55 mm inner diameter with a 5 mm thickness and had been welded with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) for the first samples group, while the second group was welded using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. For surface defects detection the liquid penetration method was used, while for internal defects radiography method was used, and for residual stresses X-ray diffraction was used. The results showed that the first group of samples contained different types of internal defects with compressive residual stresses, while the second group was nearly clear of internal defects with tensile residual stresses.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2288099
T. Manoharan, Shanawaz Abdul Kadar Mohamed, Kalimuthu Muthuvel, Sivasamy Paulsamy, Muthiah Athenamilagi, Pitchipoo Pandian
Abstract In this work, an attempt was made to join MS IS2062 using a combination of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) processes using various welding parameters to get the best weldability. An initial scanning electron microscope study was conducted to determine the microstructure of the sample. In addition to measuring and correlating microstructures and welding parameters, mechanical properties like tensile strength and microhardness are also measured. Here, friction force (FF) and specific wear rate (SWR) were carried out to analyse the tribological behaviour of the weld joint. It was found that the weld MS IS2062 by subsequent welding achieved 15% and 5% higher yield strength and 5% and 4% harder than SMAW and GTAW. Pull-off and cracks were found in the tensile fracture image, and changes in grain boundaries have been observed in the microstructural study. The contact pressure shows the greatest influence on roughness and FF; at the same time, velocity influences the SWR, as found in the experimental results. The subsequent welding process was performed with good stabilisation by balancing between the SMAW and GTAW welding, and to obtain superior properties, we must optimise our results and choose the best possible method.
{"title":"Subsequent welding of mild steel in the pipeline industry: mechanical, wear and microstructure characteristics","authors":"T. Manoharan, Shanawaz Abdul Kadar Mohamed, Kalimuthu Muthuvel, Sivasamy Paulsamy, Muthiah Athenamilagi, Pitchipoo Pandian","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2288099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2288099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, an attempt was made to join MS IS2062 using a combination of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) processes using various welding parameters to get the best weldability. An initial scanning electron microscope study was conducted to determine the microstructure of the sample. In addition to measuring and correlating microstructures and welding parameters, mechanical properties like tensile strength and microhardness are also measured. Here, friction force (FF) and specific wear rate (SWR) were carried out to analyse the tribological behaviour of the weld joint. It was found that the weld MS IS2062 by subsequent welding achieved 15% and 5% higher yield strength and 5% and 4% harder than SMAW and GTAW. Pull-off and cracks were found in the tensile fracture image, and changes in grain boundaries have been observed in the microstructural study. The contact pressure shows the greatest influence on roughness and FF; at the same time, velocity influences the SWR, as found in the experimental results. The subsequent welding process was performed with good stabilisation by balancing between the SMAW and GTAW welding, and to obtain superior properties, we must optimise our results and choose the best possible method.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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