The Convection-Enhanced Thermo-Therapy Catheter System (CETCS) was developed by our group at The University of Texas at Austin for the treatment of glioblastoma. This arborizing catheter is remotely operated and provides the ability to position and infuse in regions of the tumor and tumor margins to increase the dispersal volume coverage capability. The next step in developing this device is the further characterization of the materials being used in this design. Device characterization included evaluating the behavior of the microneedles under compression while they were in contact with several types of durometers (50A, 80A, 90A, and 95A). This test method was used to determine if the microneedles would experience breakage at the tip or along the microneedle. After the compression-durometer testing, it was determined the tips of the microneedles were more likely to puncture the durometer prior to experiencing any breakage. The device’s microneedles are not expected to come into contact with materials that have a higher durometer rating of 50A and will be acceptable in the current CETCS design meant for the treatment of glioblastomas.
{"title":"Convection-Enhanced Thermo-Therapy Catheter System: Microneedle Compression Strength Testing with Various Durometers","authors":"Brianna E. Morales, Christopher G. Rylander","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Convection-Enhanced Thermo-Therapy Catheter System (CETCS) was developed by our group at The University of Texas at Austin for the treatment of glioblastoma. This arborizing catheter is remotely operated and provides the ability to position and infuse in regions of the tumor and tumor margins to increase the dispersal volume coverage capability. The next step in developing this device is the further characterization of the materials being used in this design.\u0000 Device characterization included evaluating the behavior of the microneedles under compression while they were in contact with several types of durometers (50A, 80A, 90A, and 95A). This test method was used to determine if the microneedles would experience breakage at the tip or along the microneedle.\u0000 After the compression-durometer testing, it was determined the tips of the microneedles were more likely to puncture the durometer prior to experiencing any breakage. The device’s microneedles are not expected to come into contact with materials that have a higher durometer rating of 50A and will be acceptable in the current CETCS design meant for the treatment of glioblastomas.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127842802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Glumac, K. Kadowaki, R. Cho, G. Peterson, Ryan Hunter, Leslie A. Kent, R. MacIver, V. Pandey, Kazuhiro Tanahashi
Airway stents are used to keep airways open for those patients symptomatic from tracheobronchial disease. Tracheobronchial disease or central airway obstruction (CAO) can occur with benign or malignant disease, or complications from lung transplantation. Although stents can offer symptomatic relief for CAO, complications such as granulation tissue formation, stent fracture, and infection commonly occur after stent placement. Currently, all airway stents promote mucus buildup which can lead to stent failure and airway complications. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of special anti-fouling coatings to prevent mucus buildup. The coatings have been tested: 1) for wettability, 2) using XPS and TOF-SIMS to characterize surface properties, and 3) in the laboratory (in vitro) to study effects of mucin incubation. Findings include significant improvement in limiting mucus adhesion in a lab model.
{"title":"An Anti-Fouling Airway Stent","authors":"Daniel Glumac, K. Kadowaki, R. Cho, G. Peterson, Ryan Hunter, Leslie A. Kent, R. MacIver, V. Pandey, Kazuhiro Tanahashi","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Airway stents are used to keep airways open for those patients symptomatic from tracheobronchial disease. Tracheobronchial disease or central airway obstruction (CAO) can occur with benign or malignant disease, or complications from lung transplantation. Although stents can offer symptomatic relief for CAO, complications such as granulation tissue formation, stent fracture, and infection commonly occur after stent placement. Currently, all airway stents promote mucus buildup which can lead to stent failure and airway complications. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of special anti-fouling coatings to prevent mucus buildup. The coatings have been tested: 1) for wettability, 2) using XPS and TOF-SIMS to characterize surface properties, and 3) in the laboratory (in vitro) to study effects of mucin incubation. Findings include significant improvement in limiting mucus adhesion in a lab model.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128826159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haley G. Abramson, Eli Curry, K. Sampath, James P. Wissman, Griffin Mess, Rasika Thombre, Smruti Mahapatra, Fariba Aghabaglou, N. Theodore, A. Pustavoitau, A. Manbachi
Universalized point-of-care medicine demands long-term, automated, and ubiquitous solutions to monitoring patients. Ultrasound imaging can be found in nearly all fields of healthcare. Therefore, developing a platform for continuous ultrasound acquisition could transform the point-of-care arena. However, long-term monitoring using ultrasound imaging requires both the simplification of large quantities of data and a hands-free, flexible device. Here, we reduce data-heavy spectral Doppler imaging by tracking local vascular flow in vitro and in vivo as a single, clinically interpretable value over time. Imaging is performed using a novel probe designed specifically for continuous monitoring with ultrasound. This semi-conformal specialty probe was fabricated by removing the plastic casing of a commercially available probe, bending the tip of the piezoelectric transducer head at a nearly ninety-degree angle, then casting the electronic components in silicone rubber, which allowed the probe to rest comfortably on any surface. No statistically significant difference existed when comparing the Doppler fluid velocity detected by the specialty probe with two commercial probes, where velocity directly leads to calculation of vascular flow. Additionally, continuously tracked velocity over the period of an hour and during periods of fluctuating flow rates demonstrated the potential for accurate, long-term monitoring using this ultrasound device. Thus, translating this technology from bench to bedside could provide a universal solution to point-of-care medicine.
{"title":"Towards A Universal Device for Point-of-Care Medicine: A Custom Transducer for Long-Term Monitoring of Local Vascular Flow Via Ultrasound Imaging","authors":"Haley G. Abramson, Eli Curry, K. Sampath, James P. Wissman, Griffin Mess, Rasika Thombre, Smruti Mahapatra, Fariba Aghabaglou, N. Theodore, A. Pustavoitau, A. Manbachi","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Universalized point-of-care medicine demands long-term, automated, and ubiquitous solutions to monitoring patients. Ultrasound imaging can be found in nearly all fields of healthcare. Therefore, developing a platform for continuous ultrasound acquisition could transform the point-of-care arena. However, long-term monitoring using ultrasound imaging requires both the simplification of large quantities of data and a hands-free, flexible device. Here, we reduce data-heavy spectral Doppler imaging by tracking local vascular flow in vitro and in vivo as a single, clinically interpretable value over time. Imaging is performed using a novel probe designed specifically for continuous monitoring with ultrasound. This semi-conformal specialty probe was fabricated by removing the plastic casing of a commercially available probe, bending the tip of the piezoelectric transducer head at a nearly ninety-degree angle, then casting the electronic components in silicone rubber, which allowed the probe to rest comfortably on any surface. No statistically significant difference existed when comparing the Doppler fluid velocity detected by the specialty probe with two commercial probes, where velocity directly leads to calculation of vascular flow. Additionally, continuously tracked velocity over the period of an hour and during periods of fluctuating flow rates demonstrated the potential for accurate, long-term monitoring using this ultrasound device. Thus, translating this technology from bench to bedside could provide a universal solution to point-of-care medicine.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125577775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laparoscopic surgery has a notably high learning curve, hindering typical approaches to training. Due to unique challenges that are not present in open surgery (the hinge effect, small field of view (FoV), lack of depth perception, and small workspace), a surgical resident may be delayed in participating in laparoscopic surgery until later in residency. Having a narrow window to complete highly specialized training can lead to graduates feeling under-prepared for solo practice. Additionally, delayed introduction may expose trainees to fewer than 200 laparoscopic cases. Therefore, there is a need for surgical residents to increase both their caseload and training window without compromising patient safety. This project aims to develop and test a proof-of-concept prototype that uses granular jamming technology to controllably vary the force required to move a laparoscopic tool. By increasing tool resistance, the device helps prevents accidental injury to important nearby anatomical structures such as urinary tract, vasculature, and/or bowel. Increasing the safety of laparoscopic surgery would allow residents to begin their training earlier, gaining exposure and confidence. A device to adjust tool resistance has benefits to the experienced surgeon as well – surgeries require continuous tool adjustment and tension, resulting in fatigue. Increasing tool resistance can assist surgeons in situations requiring continuous tension and can also provide safety against sudden movements. This investigational device was prototyped using SolidWorks CAD software, then 3D printed and assessed with a laparoscopic box trainer.
{"title":"Design And Development of a Novel Assistive Device for Laparoscopic Surgery Using Granular Jamming","authors":"Chenan Andy Huang, Sang-Eun Song","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Laparoscopic surgery has a notably high learning curve, hindering typical approaches to training. Due to unique challenges that are not present in open surgery (the hinge effect, small field of view (FoV), lack of depth perception, and small workspace), a surgical resident may be delayed in participating in laparoscopic surgery until later in residency. Having a narrow window to complete highly specialized training can lead to graduates feeling under-prepared for solo practice. Additionally, delayed introduction may expose trainees to fewer than 200 laparoscopic cases. Therefore, there is a need for surgical residents to increase both their caseload and training window without compromising patient safety. This project aims to develop and test a proof-of-concept prototype that uses granular jamming technology to controllably vary the force required to move a laparoscopic tool. By increasing tool resistance, the device helps prevents accidental injury to important nearby anatomical structures such as urinary tract, vasculature, and/or bowel. Increasing the safety of laparoscopic surgery would allow residents to begin their training earlier, gaining exposure and confidence. A device to adjust tool resistance has benefits to the experienced surgeon as well – surgeries require continuous tool adjustment and tension, resulting in fatigue. Increasing tool resistance can assist surgeons in situations requiring continuous tension and can also provide safety against sudden movements. This investigational device was prototyped using SolidWorks CAD software, then 3D printed and assessed with a laparoscopic box trainer.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121552405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of electronic medical devices has facilitated the integration of cybersecurity and privacy practices into the design of medical devices. An essential part of device design is the communication of the device principles to the consumers and providers that will utilize the device. The purpose of this research was to analyze the importance of health information privacy, propose a medical device privacy label and standards that can help fill these gaps for consumers, and evaluate the regulatory framework for which this proposal can be implemented. Privacy, both physical and informational, is a key pillar of American healthcare especially in our connected worlds. The threat to privacy from criminal actors and the impact that those actions of violating privacy can have on an individual’s health are serious. Evaluating previous privacy labels, which lacked in applicability to the healthcare field, this research proposes a unique, standardized consumer privacy label for the FDA to implement, mirroring the design and success of the FDA nutrition label in educating consumers in healthy decision making.
{"title":"Communicating Cybersecurity and Privacy Design Attributes through Privacy Labeling of Consumer Electronic Medical Devices","authors":"Monroe J. Molesky","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The emergence of electronic medical devices has facilitated the integration of cybersecurity and privacy practices into the design of medical devices. An essential part of device design is the communication of the device principles to the consumers and providers that will utilize the device. The purpose of this research was to analyze the importance of health information privacy, propose a medical device privacy label and standards that can help fill these gaps for consumers, and evaluate the regulatory framework for which this proposal can be implemented. Privacy, both physical and informational, is a key pillar of American healthcare especially in our connected worlds. The threat to privacy from criminal actors and the impact that those actions of violating privacy can have on an individual’s health are serious. Evaluating previous privacy labels, which lacked in applicability to the healthcare field, this research proposes a unique, standardized consumer privacy label for the FDA to implement, mirroring the design and success of the FDA nutrition label in educating consumers in healthy decision making.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114081233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samson Galvin, R. Yanalitis, J. Winder, R. Haluck, P. von Lockette, J. Moore
Laparoscopic surgery is a common minimally invasive procedure typically used in intestinal surgery. Several small incisions are made to allow specialized instruments to be inserted and operated in an inflated abdomen. There is limited mobility in these procedures and additional training must be completed for surgeons to become proficient. To increase the freedom of motion and reduce the required skill for the surgeon, the novel single incision, free motion (SIFM) laparoscopic surgical system is introduced. This device will allow for free motion of the tools with a single incision inside the body, using electromagnets, hydraulic, and motor actuation. Using a low friction material, an electromagnet on the outside of the skin translates the tool inside the body. Hydraulic and motor actuation allows for further control of the tool under the skin by tilting, extending and retraction. Experimentation was performed to measure the frictional forces of different materials gliding over porcine skin tissue. The results show that of the tested materials, Teflon performed the best with high consistency and low coefficients of friction across a range of pressures. Future work will explore magnetic force and actuation to work with the low friction materials of SIFM.
{"title":"Selection of Low Friction Material for Novel Single Incision, Free Motion Laparoscopic Surgical System","authors":"Samson Galvin, R. Yanalitis, J. Winder, R. Haluck, P. von Lockette, J. Moore","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Laparoscopic surgery is a common minimally invasive procedure typically used in intestinal surgery. Several small incisions are made to allow specialized instruments to be inserted and operated in an inflated abdomen. There is limited mobility in these procedures and additional training must be completed for surgeons to become proficient. To increase the freedom of motion and reduce the required skill for the surgeon, the novel single incision, free motion (SIFM) laparoscopic surgical system is introduced. This device will allow for free motion of the tools with a single incision inside the body, using electromagnets, hydraulic, and motor actuation. Using a low friction material, an electromagnet on the outside of the skin translates the tool inside the body. Hydraulic and motor actuation allows for further control of the tool under the skin by tilting, extending and retraction. Experimentation was performed to measure the frictional forces of different materials gliding over porcine skin tissue. The results show that of the tested materials, Teflon performed the best with high consistency and low coefficients of friction across a range of pressures. Future work will explore magnetic force and actuation to work with the low friction materials of SIFM.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133127776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jason Finnegan, Bridget Peterkin, Hee-Chan Han, J. Yentes, S. Rennard, Eric J. Markvicka
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are excreted through the skin or exhaled breath. They are end products of human metabolism, metabolism of gut microflora, and ingested or inhaled substances. VOCs can be noninvasively sampled and could be a useful marker for disease. However, medical diagnostics rarely considers the VOCs that are expelled from the body. Here, we introduce a miniature, low-cost, and battery-free electronic nose (e-nose) sensor for passively identifying chemical patterns that are excreted from the human skin or exhaled breath. The platform is composed of an array of conductive polymer filaments created with a two-layer system of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and four different, solution processable polymers. The “breathprint” signature–consisting of the resistance of each filament–can be read from the sensor using a near-field communication-enabled device, such as a smartphone. The e-nose sensor contains a system on a chip with near-field communication (NFC) functionality and a radio frequency antenna to harvest power. The sensor was tested against six common VOCs that are released from the human body.
{"title":"Wireless, Battery Free Wearable Electronic Nose","authors":"Jason Finnegan, Bridget Peterkin, Hee-Chan Han, J. Yentes, S. Rennard, Eric J. Markvicka","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are excreted through the skin or exhaled breath. They are end products of human metabolism, metabolism of gut microflora, and ingested or inhaled substances. VOCs can be noninvasively sampled and could be a useful marker for disease. However, medical diagnostics rarely considers the VOCs that are expelled from the body. Here, we introduce a miniature, low-cost, and battery-free electronic nose (e-nose) sensor for passively identifying chemical patterns that are excreted from the human skin or exhaled breath. The platform is composed of an array of conductive polymer filaments created with a two-layer system of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and four different, solution processable polymers. The “breathprint” signature–consisting of the resistance of each filament–can be read from the sensor using a near-field communication-enabled device, such as a smartphone. The e-nose sensor contains a system on a chip with near-field communication (NFC) functionality and a radio frequency antenna to harvest power. The sensor was tested against six common VOCs that are released from the human body.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130362788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drashti Sikligar, Linda Nguessan, Diana Pham, Jesse Grupper, Alex Beaudette, Anissa Ling, C. Walsh, Holly M. Golecki
Poor posture leading to neck and back pain can be caused by long hours sitting in front of computer screens in ergonomically inadequate office furniture or in makeshift home offices. For most individuals, recognizing and correcting for poor posture is an uncommon practice. Poor seated posture is characterized by protracted scapulae, increased kyphosis, and a flexed lumbar spine. Toward a wearable system that performs continuous monitoring, we developed a textile sensor embedded garment. Using textile sensors sewn into a shirt, we test the capability of our design to read curvatures related to seated posture. First, textile sensors were evaluated for fabrication and data collection ease. Next, sensors embedded in shirt designs were evaluated for their ability to produce data that can be recognized as good or poor posture across a user’s back. Designs leveraging e-textiles and snap circuitry enable textile sensor posture readings in a wearable device that is soft and durable. Results from this proof-of-concept prototype show that such customizable garments may enable the study of specific muscle groups related to various postures in the future. Sensor technology embedded in everyday wear garments holds promise for integrating continuous postural monitoring to commercially available clothing.
{"title":"Design of a Textile Sensor Embedded Shirt for Posture Monitoring","authors":"Drashti Sikligar, Linda Nguessan, Diana Pham, Jesse Grupper, Alex Beaudette, Anissa Ling, C. Walsh, Holly M. Golecki","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1063","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Poor posture leading to neck and back pain can be caused by long hours sitting in front of computer screens in ergonomically inadequate office furniture or in makeshift home offices. For most individuals, recognizing and correcting for poor posture is an uncommon practice. Poor seated posture is characterized by protracted scapulae, increased kyphosis, and a flexed lumbar spine. Toward a wearable system that performs continuous monitoring, we developed a textile sensor embedded garment. Using textile sensors sewn into a shirt, we test the capability of our design to read curvatures related to seated posture. First, textile sensors were evaluated for fabrication and data collection ease. Next, sensors embedded in shirt designs were evaluated for their ability to produce data that can be recognized as good or poor posture across a user’s back. Designs leveraging e-textiles and snap circuitry enable textile sensor posture readings in a wearable device that is soft and durable. Results from this proof-of-concept prototype show that such customizable garments may enable the study of specific muscle groups related to various postures in the future. Sensor technology embedded in everyday wear garments holds promise for integrating continuous postural monitoring to commercially available clothing.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127294748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Brown, Yusra Farhat Ullah, K. Gustafson, W. Durfee
The exercise methods available to individuals with spinal cord injuries are limited, increasing their risk of pressure sores, muscle atrophy, diminished bone strength, and diminished blood flow efficiency. The FES Energy Storing Exoskeleton combines the simplicity of a passive exoskeleton with functional electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles, enabling the user to stand and walk using their own muscles. To reduce muscle fatigue, the initial energy supplied by FES is supplemented by gas springs for energy storage and bidirectional clutch mechanisms for joint locking and control. Gas springs have superior energy storage qualities over pneumatic cylinders and elastomer bands due to their high energy-to-weight ratio and constant force properties. A qualitative analysis of joint locking mechanisms has suggested that a bidirectional clutch mechanism has the potential to overcome the sagging exhibited by the wrap springs used in previous versions of the exoskeleton. While the design of the novel clutch mechanism is the subject of a future work, the functionality and benefits of the mechanism are described in the context of the overall performance of the exoskeleton. The revised design is predicted to weigh 10.2 kg, which is 6.8 kg lighter than the previous exoskeleton design, and is significantly lighter than most commercial motorized walking exoskeletons. A detailed CAD model of the improved system has been developed and future work includes creating and validating a physical prototype.
{"title":"Preliminary Design of Musclae-Powered Exoskeleton for Users with Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"E. Brown, Yusra Farhat Ullah, K. Gustafson, W. Durfee","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1013","url":null,"abstract":"The exercise methods available to individuals with spinal cord injuries are limited, increasing their risk of pressure sores, muscle atrophy, diminished bone strength, and diminished blood flow efficiency. The FES Energy Storing Exoskeleton combines the simplicity of a passive exoskeleton with functional electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles, enabling the user to stand and walk using their own muscles. To reduce muscle fatigue, the initial energy supplied by FES is supplemented by gas springs for energy storage and bidirectional clutch mechanisms for joint locking and control. Gas springs have superior energy storage qualities over pneumatic cylinders and elastomer bands due to their high energy-to-weight ratio and constant force properties. A qualitative analysis of joint locking mechanisms has suggested that a bidirectional clutch mechanism has the potential to overcome the sagging exhibited by the wrap springs used in previous versions of the exoskeleton. While the design of the novel clutch mechanism is the subject of a future work, the functionality and benefits of the mechanism are described in the context of the overall performance of the exoskeleton. The revised design is predicted to weigh 10.2 kg, which is 6.8 kg lighter than the previous exoskeleton design, and is significantly lighter than most commercial motorized walking exoskeletons. A detailed CAD model of the improved system has been developed and future work includes creating and validating a physical prototype.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121805226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moein Enayati, N. Farahani, Christopher G. Scott, J. Bos, Xiaoxi Yao, Che Ngufor, M. Ackerman, Adelaide M. Arruda-Olson
According to the 2020 report of the American Heart Association’s Heart & Stroke Statistics report, nearly 1,000 people are dying daily because of sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and unfortunately, their survival rate is as low as 10%. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), a relatively rare genetic heart disease is one of these diseases but finding the right patient for the implantation of ICD is still a research question. Implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) can save the life of some of these patients. Due to the complexity of the identification of HCM patients, financial burdens, and the clinical risks involved in the ICD implantation procedure, HCM patients will go into a monitoring state before reaching the implantation trigger. Our study cohort shows about 82% of HCM deaths, did not have an ICD, which highlights the need to improve the pre-screening algorithms. In the current paper, we have proposed a new deep learning-based unsupervised clustering technique to facilitate the prioritization of patients to undergo ICD device implantation. This model uses over 900 echocardiographic measurements to find patients who benefit more from the ICD implantation procedure. Our model was trained and tested over 6 years of echo reports collected at Mayo Clinic. This model can be used as a decision support assistant for cardiologists in finding the right HCM patient when decision-making is hard.
{"title":"Deep Unsupervised Clustering of Sparse Echo Data to Identify Patients for Implantation of Cardioverter-Defibrillator","authors":"Moein Enayati, N. Farahani, Christopher G. Scott, J. Bos, Xiaoxi Yao, Che Ngufor, M. Ackerman, Adelaide M. Arruda-Olson","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 According to the 2020 report of the American Heart Association’s Heart & Stroke Statistics report, nearly 1,000 people are dying daily because of sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and unfortunately, their survival rate is as low as 10%. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), a relatively rare genetic heart disease is one of these diseases but finding the right patient for the implantation of ICD is still a research question. Implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) can save the life of some of these patients. Due to the complexity of the identification of HCM patients, financial burdens, and the clinical risks involved in the ICD implantation procedure, HCM patients will go into a monitoring state before reaching the implantation trigger. Our study cohort shows about 82% of HCM deaths, did not have an ICD, which highlights the need to improve the pre-screening algorithms.\u0000 In the current paper, we have proposed a new deep learning-based unsupervised clustering technique to facilitate the prioritization of patients to undergo ICD device implantation. This model uses over 900 echocardiographic measurements to find patients who benefit more from the ICD implantation procedure. Our model was trained and tested over 6 years of echo reports collected at Mayo Clinic. This model can be used as a decision support assistant for cardiologists in finding the right HCM patient when decision-making is hard.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120964961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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