Angela K. Martini, Sam Carlson, Dung Hoang, Sandra A. Wawersich, Crystal Compton, Abigail R. Clarke-Sather
Measuring respiratory rate is a vital metric for monitoring human health in any setting. Despite its importance for detecting oncoming medical crises, it is often neglected due to the difficulties in accurate measurement. To combat this neglect, a respiratory rate monitoring smart garment was developed that measures breathing rate in real time in a manner that is unobtrusive to the patient. This paper focuses on a concept exploration of a non-invasive wearable garment to measure real time breathing rate using a digital zero-crossing detection signal processing approach. A respiratory rate monitoring garment was developed with a stitched sensor that wraps around the patient’s chest and operates based on the relationship between resistance and displacement. As a person breathes, the chest expands and contracts, displacing the stitched sensor causing a change in resistance that can be measured and then counted as a breath. Unlike current solutions that utilize the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for signal processing of breathing rate, digital zero-crossing detection is used in this garment for improved accuracy and lower computational power. Four participants took part in a total of 15 trials where their normal breathing rate was measured by the stitched sensor and by at least two independent observers. The average sensor breath count was 2.44 breaths below the manually observed breath count. Major contributions to error were due to manual calibration of the sensor, and these discrepancies will be addressed in further prototype development. Despite the error between the sensor and manual breath count, the performance of the garment indicates respiratory rate monitoring in real time is possible, which increases the feasibility of more accurate and frequent respiratory rate monitoring thus increasing the potential for improved patient health.
{"title":"Concept Exploration: Respiratory Rate Monitoring Garment Using Digital Zero-Crossing Detection","authors":"Angela K. Martini, Sam Carlson, Dung Hoang, Sandra A. Wawersich, Crystal Compton, Abigail R. Clarke-Sather","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Measuring respiratory rate is a vital metric for monitoring human health in any setting. Despite its importance for detecting oncoming medical crises, it is often neglected due to the difficulties in accurate measurement. To combat this neglect, a respiratory rate monitoring smart garment was developed that measures breathing rate in real time in a manner that is unobtrusive to the patient. This paper focuses on a concept exploration of a non-invasive wearable garment to measure real time breathing rate using a digital zero-crossing detection signal processing approach. A respiratory rate monitoring garment was developed with a stitched sensor that wraps around the patient’s chest and operates based on the relationship between resistance and displacement. As a person breathes, the chest expands and contracts, displacing the stitched sensor causing a change in resistance that can be measured and then counted as a breath. Unlike current solutions that utilize the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for signal processing of breathing rate, digital zero-crossing detection is used in this garment for improved accuracy and lower computational power. Four participants took part in a total of 15 trials where their normal breathing rate was measured by the stitched sensor and by at least two independent observers. The average sensor breath count was 2.44 breaths below the manually observed breath count. Major contributions to error were due to manual calibration of the sensor, and these discrepancies will be addressed in further prototype development. Despite the error between the sensor and manual breath count, the performance of the garment indicates respiratory rate monitoring in real time is possible, which increases the feasibility of more accurate and frequent respiratory rate monitoring thus increasing the potential for improved patient health.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116603109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maxine He, Mahshid Mansouri, Yinan Pei, Isaac Pedroza, Christopher M. Zallek, E. Hsiao-Wecksler
An upper limb robotic training simulator was developed to replicate the haptic feeling of lead-pipe rigidity of the biceps. Rigidity is the increased muscle tone observed during passive movement of a joint. To validate the realism of our training simulator, a clinical validation study was conducted with 11 experienced clinicians. Testing involved two parts: Blinded Assessment followed by Disclosed Assessment. There were 12 randomized trials (4 levels of rigidity with 3 repetitions each) in the Blind Assessment. The participants were asked to rate the rigidity level using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in each trial without knowing the selected UPDRS level. During the Disclosed Assessment, participants were informed about the selected level and were asked to closely evaluate the fidelity of each UPDRS level. Participants completed a post-test evaluation questionnaire to rate the simulator’s accuracy in replicating rigidity and its potential as a medical education tool for healthcare students. Results from the first six participants indicated that the simulated muscle resistance magnitude was too high compared to their clinical experience. Therefore, the resistance magnitude was reduced for all 4 UPDRS levels. The second set of five participants reported that the training simulator closely replicated the UPDRS levels of rigidity compared to their clinical experience.
{"title":"Clinical Validation Testing Of An Upper Limb Robotic Medical Education Training Simulator For Rigidity Assessment","authors":"Maxine He, Mahshid Mansouri, Yinan Pei, Isaac Pedroza, Christopher M. Zallek, E. Hsiao-Wecksler","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An upper limb robotic training simulator was developed to replicate the haptic feeling of lead-pipe rigidity of the biceps. Rigidity is the increased muscle tone observed during passive movement of a joint. To validate the realism of our training simulator, a clinical validation study was conducted with 11 experienced clinicians. Testing involved two parts: Blinded Assessment followed by Disclosed Assessment. There were 12 randomized trials (4 levels of rigidity with 3 repetitions each) in the Blind Assessment. The participants were asked to rate the rigidity level using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in each trial without knowing the selected UPDRS level. During the Disclosed Assessment, participants were informed about the selected level and were asked to closely evaluate the fidelity of each UPDRS level. Participants completed a post-test evaluation questionnaire to rate the simulator’s accuracy in replicating rigidity and its potential as a medical education tool for healthcare students. Results from the first six participants indicated that the simulated muscle resistance magnitude was too high compared to their clinical experience. Therefore, the resistance magnitude was reduced for all 4 UPDRS levels. The second set of five participants reported that the training simulator closely replicated the UPDRS levels of rigidity compared to their clinical experience.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128138136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electroanatomical mapping provides key insights into cardiac function and arrhythmia location. Epicardial mapping allows for the recording of electrograms from the body surface that can be combined with an anatomical geometry to create a real-time functional voltage map of cardiac electrical activity. Isolated heart models, like those studied on the Visible Heart® apparatus, provide a valuable platform for medical device design but are often limited to modified 3-lead electrocardiograms that do not provide anatomically specific electrical data. To provide detailed electroanatomical data for experiments on the Visible Heart® apparatus, a novel modified epicardial mapping tank was created that utilizes the CardioInsight™ software to create a map of reanimated hearts. The epicardial mapping tank is composed of 252 electrodes that are distributed across acrylic plates that surround the isolated heart. Half normal saline provides continuity to the electrodes, allowing uninterrupted signal acquisition. The system is fully removable and can be positioned while maintaining reanimation. To date, 5 swine hearts and 1 human heart have been reanimated and mapped in the epicardial mapping tank. The unique datasets generated from the epicardial mapping chamber will be a critical tool in pacing, ablation, and defibrillation experiments as well as provide valuable information relative to conduction system physiology.
{"title":"Development of an Epicardial Mapping Tank for Noninvasive Electrical Mapping of Ex Vivo Large Mammalian Hearts","authors":"R. Brigham, Erik R. Donley, P. Iaizzo","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Electroanatomical mapping provides key insights into cardiac function and arrhythmia location. Epicardial mapping allows for the recording of electrograms from the body surface that can be combined with an anatomical geometry to create a real-time functional voltage map of cardiac electrical activity. Isolated heart models, like those studied on the Visible Heart® apparatus, provide a valuable platform for medical device design but are often limited to modified 3-lead electrocardiograms that do not provide anatomically specific electrical data. To provide detailed electroanatomical data for experiments on the Visible Heart® apparatus, a novel modified epicardial mapping tank was created that utilizes the CardioInsight™ software to create a map of reanimated hearts. The epicardial mapping tank is composed of 252 electrodes that are distributed across acrylic plates that surround the isolated heart. Half normal saline provides continuity to the electrodes, allowing uninterrupted signal acquisition. The system is fully removable and can be positioned while maintaining reanimation. To date, 5 swine hearts and 1 human heart have been reanimated and mapped in the epicardial mapping tank. The unique datasets generated from the epicardial mapping chamber will be a critical tool in pacing, ablation, and defibrillation experiments as well as provide valuable information relative to conduction system physiology.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114508276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler J Gathman, J. Schoephoerster, R. Vasdev, Stephanie Liffland, Derek C. Batiste
Aliphatic polyesters are potential sustainable alternatives to PVC for use in medical devices, such as IV bags. Our candidate replacement of PVC-based IV bags use P4MCL, a sustainable polymer with demonstrated uses in mechanically robust materials. The goal of our project was to compare the mechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of P4MCL/PLLA star block copolymer TPEs with commercial PVC-based IV bags. P4MCL/PLLA TPEs were synthesized according to previously reported methods. Uniaxial tensile testing was conducted pre- and post-autoclave. Impact and tear resistance testing was performed on non-autoclaved specimens according to ASTM standards. Cytotoxicity was examined using NIH 3T3 Fibroblasts with an AlamarBlue assay. A student’s t-test was used to compare results with statistical significance of P < 0.05. PVC tended to be stiffer but P4MCL/PLLA was more extensible. The tensile properties for the P4MCL-based material did not change after autoclaving. When compared to PVC-based IV bags, the P4MCL/PLLA TPE demonstrated a lower peak force and average force but a greater elongation at break and total absorbed energy (P<0.05). P4MCL/PLLA, unlike PVC-based materials with DEHP plasticizer, was non-cytotoxic. In summary, P4MCL/PLLA has desirable mechanical and biocompatibility advantages compared to PVC making the material a potential sustainable alternative for medical grade plastics.
{"title":"Evaluation of Sustainable P4MCL/PLLA Block Copolymers as PVC Replacement in Medical Plastics","authors":"Tyler J Gathman, J. Schoephoerster, R. Vasdev, Stephanie Liffland, Derek C. Batiste","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1051","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aliphatic polyesters are potential sustainable alternatives to PVC for use in medical devices, such as IV bags. Our candidate replacement of PVC-based IV bags use P4MCL, a sustainable polymer with demonstrated uses in mechanically robust materials. The goal of our project was to compare the mechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of P4MCL/PLLA star block copolymer TPEs with commercial PVC-based IV bags. P4MCL/PLLA TPEs were synthesized according to previously reported methods. Uniaxial tensile testing was conducted pre- and post-autoclave. Impact and tear resistance testing was performed on non-autoclaved specimens according to ASTM standards. Cytotoxicity was examined using NIH 3T3 Fibroblasts with an AlamarBlue assay. A student’s t-test was used to compare results with statistical significance of P < 0.05. PVC tended to be stiffer but P4MCL/PLLA was more extensible. The tensile properties for the P4MCL-based material did not change after autoclaving. When compared to PVC-based IV bags, the P4MCL/PLLA TPE demonstrated a lower peak force and average force but a greater elongation at break and total absorbed energy (P<0.05). P4MCL/PLLA, unlike PVC-based materials with DEHP plasticizer, was non-cytotoxic. In summary, P4MCL/PLLA has desirable mechanical and biocompatibility advantages compared to PVC making the material a potential sustainable alternative for medical grade plastics.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114848066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oguz Yetkin, Karmina Calderon, P. Krishna Moorthy, Thao Thu Nguyen, Jennifer Tran, Taylor Terry, Anthony Vigil, Anne Alsup, Aaron Tekleab, Danielle Sancillo, Nosisa Ncube, J. Baptist
A lightweight wearable American Sign Language translation device is presented consisting of optically communicating rings worn on each finger and wireless devices worn on each fingernail. The device is similar in principle to glove based sign language translation devices except it does not require the user to wear an entire glove. Each ring is constructed from optically clear resin containing three infrared transponders, controlled by a microcontroller unit worn on the wrist. The fingernail units are also cast in clear resin and contain circuitry to receive and respond to infrared light, and house three small SR60 watch batteries. The system uses a microcontroller to flash all LEDs in succession and create matrix sensor readings from each LED, resulting in a 15x15 matrix corresponding to a signed gesture, recognized by an Artificial Neural Network. This system is expected to be able to recognize 24 of the 26 letters of the ASL alphabet and be extended to recognize arbitrary ASL signs with the integration of an accelerometer. The system currently recognizes 9 letters (A, B, D, F, K, N, O, T, X) with intention to build on this novel method of gesture recognition to construct a full-fledged ASL translator. The system is currently useable as a low-encumbrance gesture-based input system for arbitrary device control.
介绍了一种轻型可穿戴美国手语翻译设备，该设备由每个手指上佩戴的光通信环和每个指甲上佩戴的无线设备组成。该设备在原理上类似于基于手套的手语翻译设备，除了它不需要用户戴上整个手套。每个环由光学透明树脂制成，包含三个红外转发器，由佩戴在手腕上的微控制器单元控制。指甲单元也用透明树脂铸造，包含接收和响应红外光的电路，并容纳三个小型SR60手表电池。该系统使用微控制器连续闪烁所有LED，并从每个LED创建矩阵传感器读数，从而产生与签名手势对应的15x15矩阵，由人工神经网络识别。该系统预计能够识别26个美国手语字母中的24个，并通过集成加速度计扩展到识别任意美国手语符号。该系统目前可以识别9个字母(A, B, D, F, K, N, O, T, X)，并打算在这种新颖的手势识别方法的基础上构建一个完整的美国手语翻译。该系统目前可作为一种低障碍的基于手势的输入系统，用于任意设备控制。
{"title":"A Lightweight Wearable American Sign Language Translation Device","authors":"Oguz Yetkin, Karmina Calderon, P. Krishna Moorthy, Thao Thu Nguyen, Jennifer Tran, Taylor Terry, Anthony Vigil, Anne Alsup, Aaron Tekleab, Danielle Sancillo, Nosisa Ncube, J. Baptist","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A lightweight wearable American Sign Language translation device is presented consisting of optically communicating rings worn on each finger and wireless devices worn on each fingernail. The device is similar in principle to glove based sign language translation devices except it does not require the user to wear an entire glove. Each ring is constructed from optically clear resin containing three infrared transponders, controlled by a microcontroller unit worn on the wrist. The fingernail units are also cast in clear resin and contain circuitry to receive and respond to infrared light, and house three small SR60 watch batteries. The system uses a microcontroller to flash all LEDs in succession and create matrix sensor readings from each LED, resulting in a 15x15 matrix corresponding to a signed gesture, recognized by an Artificial Neural Network. This system is expected to be able to recognize 24 of the 26 letters of the ASL alphabet and be extended to recognize arbitrary ASL signs with the integration of an accelerometer. The system currently recognizes 9 letters (A, B, D, F, K, N, O, T, X) with intention to build on this novel method of gesture recognition to construct a full-fledged ASL translator. The system is currently useable as a low-encumbrance gesture-based input system for arbitrary device control.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125803924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ratner, G. Goldish, A. Hansen, Jared Bliss, A. S. Bornstein, A. Gustavson, Steve Morin, Amber Wacek
Nearly half of older people cannot easily walk 400 meters. Powered mobility aids such as seated scooters discourage healthful walking and have limitations due to size and cost. Using human-centered design, we have developed a novel power assisted walker (PAW), which can be used as a manual walker or as a standing electric scooter. A user can push the device manually supported by a four-wheeled walker or step onto a footplate and ride it as a three wheeled standing scooter, with safety enhanced by two anti-tip casters. A working prototype has demonstrated the feasibility of this design. It also meets user-defined requirements for safety, usability, and transportability. Designs for additional prototypes overcome several engineering challenges and will enable a wide variety of users to meet their mobility needs in the community.
{"title":"Power Assisted Walker: Rising Above Seated Mobility","authors":"E. Ratner, G. Goldish, A. Hansen, Jared Bliss, A. S. Bornstein, A. Gustavson, Steve Morin, Amber Wacek","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nearly half of older people cannot easily walk 400 meters. Powered mobility aids such as seated scooters discourage healthful walking and have limitations due to size and cost. Using human-centered design, we have developed a novel power assisted walker (PAW), which can be used as a manual walker or as a standing electric scooter. A user can push the device manually supported by a four-wheeled walker or step onto a footplate and ride it as a three wheeled standing scooter, with safety enhanced by two anti-tip casters. A working prototype has demonstrated the feasibility of this design. It also meets user-defined requirements for safety, usability, and transportability. Designs for additional prototypes overcome several engineering challenges and will enable a wide variety of users to meet their mobility needs in the community.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124260538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mason Danna, Evan George, Sanjana Ranganathan, Zachary I Richards, R. K. Sims, Pauline M. Berens, Priyanka S. Deshpande, Swami Gnanashanmugam
Mechanical ventilators are beneficial in treating and managing various respiratory diseases, including interstitial pneumonia associated with Coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of a worldwide need for more accessible and affordable mechanical ventilatory devices. This project, known as the Third Coast Ventilator, aims to create a low-cost, open-source solution to the ventilator shortage created by the COVID-19 pandemic; this device can additionally be implemented in developing countries with limited medical resources, where ventilators are often inaccessible. Using readily available components found within hospitals and local stores, our team designed a prototype that can be assembled and functional within an hour. Our testing demonstrated accurate tidal volume delivery while modulating commonly used ranges of inspiratory to expiratory ratios, air flow rates, and respiratory rates. These promising results are an important step toward our goal of creating a low-cost, open-source, globally accessible ventilator in areas where shortages exist.
{"title":"A Low-Cost, Open-Source Solution to the Covid-19 Ventilator Shortage","authors":"Mason Danna, Evan George, Sanjana Ranganathan, Zachary I Richards, R. K. Sims, Pauline M. Berens, Priyanka S. Deshpande, Swami Gnanashanmugam","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mechanical ventilators are beneficial in treating and managing various respiratory diseases, including interstitial pneumonia associated with Coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of a worldwide need for more accessible and affordable mechanical ventilatory devices. This project, known as the Third Coast Ventilator, aims to create a low-cost, open-source solution to the ventilator shortage created by the COVID-19 pandemic; this device can additionally be implemented in developing countries with limited medical resources, where ventilators are often inaccessible. Using readily available components found within hospitals and local stores, our team designed a prototype that can be assembled and functional within an hour. Our testing demonstrated accurate tidal volume delivery while modulating commonly used ranges of inspiratory to expiratory ratios, air flow rates, and respiratory rates. These promising results are an important step toward our goal of creating a low-cost, open-source, globally accessible ventilator in areas where shortages exist.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133955359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blayton Padasdao, Zolboo Batsaikhan, Dailen C. Brown, J. Moore, B. Konh
Needle insertion has been used as a minimally invasive technique in many diagnostic or therapeutic procedures such as prostate biopsy or brachytherapy. While the success of these procedures relies on accurate positioning of the needle tip at target positions, the intraoperative movement of the tissue (and consequently the target) has caused physicians some difficulties in acquiring the target. This paper presents a method to estimate tissue movement during a needle insertion task within tissue. The movement of the tissue is valuable information for guidance, navigation, and control of the needle inside tissue towards the target. A needle insertion task was performed using an active needle bending. Ultrasound images were captured at four needle insertion stages of initial needle insertion, bending, unbending, and needle retraction. Ultrasound images were then analyzed to estimate the tissue movement at each stage. The study showed that needle retraction, insertion, bending, and unbending stages correspond to largest to lowest tissue movement, respectively.
{"title":"Estimation of Tissue Movement in Needle Insertion Tasks Using an Active Needle","authors":"Blayton Padasdao, Zolboo Batsaikhan, Dailen C. Brown, J. Moore, B. Konh","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Needle insertion has been used as a minimally invasive technique in many diagnostic or therapeutic procedures such as prostate biopsy or brachytherapy. While the success of these procedures relies on accurate positioning of the needle tip at target positions, the intraoperative movement of the tissue (and consequently the target) has caused physicians some difficulties in acquiring the target. This paper presents a method to estimate tissue movement during a needle insertion task within tissue. The movement of the tissue is valuable information for guidance, navigation, and control of the needle inside tissue towards the target. A needle insertion task was performed using an active needle bending. Ultrasound images were captured at four needle insertion stages of initial needle insertion, bending, unbending, and needle retraction. Ultrasound images were then analyzed to estimate the tissue movement at each stage. The study showed that needle retraction, insertion, bending, and unbending stages correspond to largest to lowest tissue movement, respectively.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132355863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Presently, open source prosthesis are not optimized to assist the dominant hand in performing bimanual ADL. This research study was thus geared towards the design and experimental validation of an open-source below-elbow prosthetic arm, called the ADL arm, that is functionally optimized for the performance of ADL in the unilateral TR amputee population. The ADL arm is 3D printed; the design validation involved functional assessment - using the AHAP and simulated use assessment with healthy volunteer participants after obtaining Ethics approval. In accordance with AHAP; the ADL arm presented with an overall GAS of 68% and a partial GAS of >75 % for 4/5 ADL grasps. Usability Assessment involved the performance of ADL tasks coupled with the completion of the SUS. The perceived usability of the device was found to increase with increased device familiarity, yielding an overall score of 84.29. Through the tests conducted, the ADL arm was found to be functionally competent, relatively acceptable with proven ability to assist in the performance of ADLs in a simulated-use environment. A number of design modifications and clinical tests are however recommended to overcome the limitations of the current design and corroborate the results obtained in this study.
{"title":"Design and Development of an Open-Source Adl-Compliant Prosthetic Arm for Trans-Radial Amputees","authors":"L. Timm, Maureen Etuket, S. Sivarasu","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Presently, open source prosthesis are not optimized to assist the dominant hand in performing bimanual ADL. This research study was thus geared towards the design and experimental validation of an open-source below-elbow prosthetic arm, called the ADL arm, that is functionally optimized for the performance of ADL in the unilateral TR amputee population.\u0000 The ADL arm is 3D printed; the design validation involved functional assessment - using the AHAP and simulated use assessment with healthy volunteer participants after obtaining Ethics approval. In accordance with AHAP; the ADL arm presented with an overall GAS of 68% and a partial GAS of >75 % for 4/5 ADL grasps. Usability Assessment involved the performance of ADL tasks coupled with the completion of the SUS. The perceived usability of the device was found to increase with increased device familiarity, yielding an overall score of 84.29.\u0000 Through the tests conducted, the ADL arm was found to be functionally competent, relatively acceptable with proven ability to assist in the performance of ADLs in a simulated-use environment. A number of design modifications and clinical tests are however recommended to overcome the limitations of the current design and corroborate the results obtained in this study.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131343883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of thrombosis or blood clot in the deep veins of the body, usually in the lower extremities or pelvic vein. During this time, a hypercoagulable state results in a higher rate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during gestation and the postnatal stage. PE is the leading cause of maternal death, making early diagnosis and clinical treatment vital to both the mother’s and fetal life. The current technologies for the diagnosis of DVT reduced detection accuracy with increased depth, false negatives when parallel veins are present, and the incompetence of imaging due to factors such as obesity and edema. The drawback of compression ultrasound is that clots may emboli during diagnosis and travel to vital organs such as the heart. In this study a new technological advancement is explored to superior diagnostic methods, and a near infrared device will be able to provide relative measurements of the oxygenation levels of calf veins and can help identify excessive deoxygenation and specific locations. Oxyhemoglobin & deoxyhemoglobin absorbs red light and infra-red lights differently. Oxygenated blood gets absorbed by IR light while deoxygenated gets transmitted. When infrared light is emitted onto a vein, it gets absorbed by the oxygenated hemoglobin and gives an absorbance ratio of output to the input close to 1. Infrared radiation spectroscopy measurements can indicate Δ½HbO2 and Δ½Hb to show a comparison, helping to indicate the presence or absence of a clot. . The circuit is designed with capacitors, resistors, and transistors to act as filters and triggers to pulsate at 20Hz, to pick up biological signals. An Arduino Uno microcontroller helped to process data in order to analyze signal proximity to 0 or 1 to classify DVT and validate the efficacy of using IR for DVT detection Testing of the device allowed for a functionality check to understand whether it was able to pick up signals of oxygenation levels. The 3 tests have insight on the potential of the device; however, the results were inconclusive, due to a lack of sufficient testing. The limitation has been the inability to test on a large sample size and insufficient data, therefore it can’t be said for now whether IR is an effective way of diagnosing DVT. However, since on localized testing, the device seems to be gathering programmed signals, the research can be furthered, and the efficacy can be proved by testing on expecting patients.
{"title":"Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis to Expedite Treatment and Prevent Pulmonary Embolism During Gestation","authors":"Dolly Maiti, S. P. Arunachalam","doi":"10.1115/dmd2022-1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of thrombosis or blood clot in the deep veins of the body, usually in the lower extremities or pelvic vein. During this time, a hypercoagulable state results in a higher rate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during gestation and the postnatal stage. PE is the leading cause of maternal death, making early diagnosis and clinical treatment vital to both the mother’s and fetal life.\u0000 The current technologies for the diagnosis of DVT reduced detection accuracy with increased depth, false negatives when parallel veins are present, and the incompetence of imaging due to factors such as obesity and edema. The drawback of compression ultrasound is that clots may emboli during diagnosis and travel to vital organs such as the heart. In this study a new technological advancement is explored to superior diagnostic methods, and a near infrared device will be able to provide relative measurements of the oxygenation levels of calf veins and can help identify excessive deoxygenation and specific locations. Oxyhemoglobin & deoxyhemoglobin absorbs red light and infra-red lights differently. Oxygenated blood gets absorbed by IR light while deoxygenated gets transmitted. When infrared light is emitted onto a vein, it gets absorbed by the oxygenated hemoglobin and gives an absorbance ratio of output to the input close to 1. Infrared radiation spectroscopy measurements can indicate Δ½HbO2 and Δ½Hb to show a comparison, helping to indicate the presence or absence of a clot. . The circuit is designed with capacitors, resistors, and transistors to act as filters and triggers to pulsate at 20Hz, to pick up biological signals. An Arduino Uno microcontroller helped to process data in order to analyze signal proximity to 0 or 1 to classify DVT and validate the efficacy of using IR for DVT detection\u0000 Testing of the device allowed for a functionality check to understand whether it was able to pick up signals of oxygenation levels. The 3 tests have insight on the potential of the device; however, the results were inconclusive, due to a lack of sufficient testing. The limitation has been the inability to test on a large sample size and insufficient data, therefore it can’t be said for now whether IR is an effective way of diagnosing DVT. However, since on localized testing, the device seems to be gathering programmed signals, the research can be furthered, and the efficacy can be proved by testing on expecting patients.","PeriodicalId":236105,"journal":{"name":"2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114475739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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