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Stator structure design and analysis of variable reluctance resolver for hybrid-vehicle motor drive 混合动力汽车电机驱动变磁阻变压器定子结构设计与分析
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6259267
Shu-mei Cui, Ge Hao
Variable-reluctance (VR) resolver is often applied in Electric Vehicles as the motor speed and position sensor for its outstanding reliability and durability. This paper introduces the operation principles and optimized design guidelines of the variable-reluctance (VR) resolver. The number of the stator teeth is determined based on the theory of fractional slot sinusoidal windings, and a special stator structure with slotted teeth is proposed. Simulation and Experiments are carried out to test the angular position accuracy, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimization methods.
变磁阻(VR)传感器以其优异的可靠性和耐用性,被广泛应用于电动汽车中作为电机速度和位置传感器。介绍了变磁阻(VR)变压器的工作原理和优化设计原则。根据分数槽正弦绕组理论确定定子齿数,提出了一种特殊的槽齿定子结构。通过仿真和实验验证了该优化方法的可行性和有效性。
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引用次数: 16
Lossless multi-way power combining and outphasing for high-frequency resonant inverters 高频谐振逆变器的无损多路功率合闸和失相
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6258916
A. Jurkov, L. Roslaniec, D. Perreault
A lossless multi-way power combining and outphasing system has recently been proposed for high-frequency inverters and power amplifiers which offers major performance advantages over traditional approaches. This paper presents a new outphasing control strategy for the proposed system that enables output power control through effective load modulation of the inverters while minimizing loading admittance phase. Moreover, we present the first-ever experimental demonstration of the proposed outphasing system. The design of a 27.12 MHz, four-way power combining and outphasing system is described, and used to experimentally verify the power combiner's characteristics and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed outphasing law to control output power over a 10:1 range.
最近提出了一种用于高频逆变器和功率放大器的无损多路功率组合和失相系统,该系统具有优于传统方法的主要性能优势。本文提出了一种新的缺相控制策略,通过有效的逆变器负载调制实现输出功率控制,同时最小化负载导纳相位。此外,我们提出了首次实验演示所提出的共相系统。设计了一种27.12 MHz的四路功率合闸和分相系统,并通过实验验证了功率合闸的特性,评估了所提出的分相法在10:1范围内控制输出功率的有效性。
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引用次数: 16
Transformerless conversion concept based on storage exchange for future fault tolerant and galvanic insulated interconnection of grids 基于存储交换的无变压器转换概念,用于未来电网的容错和电绝缘互联
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6258887
P. Tenca, L. Gertmar
The paper proposes a modular conversion concept with integrated energy storage for transferring energy between any combination of AC grids, DC grids and modular renewable parks whose sources need to be close to earth potential whereas the grids they feed feature much higher voltages. By relying on pairs of detachable energy storage elements featuring properly sized capacity, the conversion concept provides high-voltage galvanic insulation, high fault tolerance and simple frequency conversion among all grids without using any transformer. Each pair of energy storage elements is associated to a couple of AC/DC or DC/DC units constituting voltage source cells. In turn, each phase of a grid is structured modularly as proper parallel and series connections of such cells. The pivotal idea is to transfer energy by periodical exchange of the storage elements among the cells, while always avoiding any simultaneous galvanic contact among them. This simple principle assures galvanic insulation and high fault tolerance since the grids or renewable sources never exchange energy directly. The energy exchange is always indirect and mediated by the energy storage elements. Owing to this property no fault is propagated immediately among the interconnect grids and, until sufficient energy is present in the storage elements, one gains precious time for enterprising much better emergency actions in the grids, actions that would be otherwise impossible with the nowadays much reduced time scales. The exchange of storage elements by reconnection can rely on contacts, like the ones for high-voltage tap changers, and on different moving means, like Robots, if physical displacement is envisaged. This latter realization broadens the concept considerably because the storage elements can be transported, via autonomous vehicles, for the long distances which divide the energetically connected entities. A specific reconnection sequence of the storage elements assures their disconnection and reconnection at zero current, thereby maximizing the lifespan of the switches. Although the present state of the art in storage technologies renders the concept still uneconomical and unfeasible today, the ongoing technological advancements could open future scenarios one should be prepared to embrace. This paper is not about a conventional solution for today. It is about highlighting what could be futuristically possible in exchanging large amounts of energy among grids, and/or renewable sources, when material science will provide storage technologies with sufficiently high capacity and number of cycles.
本文提出了一种集成储能的模块化转换概念,用于在交流电网、直流电网和模块化可再生能源公园的任何组合之间传输能量,这些可再生能源公园的电源需要接近地电位,而它们所馈送的电网具有更高的电压。该转换概念依靠容量适当的可拆卸储能元件对,在不使用任何变压器的情况下,提供高压电绝缘、高容错性和所有电网之间的简单变频。每对储能元件与一对构成电压源电池的AC/DC或DC/DC单元相关联。反过来,网格的每一阶段被模块化地构建为适当的并联和串联连接。其核心思想是通过在电池之间定期交换存储元件来传递能量,同时始终避免电池之间同时发生电接触。这个简单的原理保证了电绝缘和高容错性,因为电网或可再生能源从不直接交换能量。能量交换通常是间接的,并由能量储存要素作为中介。由于这一特性,故障不会立即在相互连接的电网中传播,直到存储单元中存在足够的能量,人们才能获得宝贵的时间,以便在电网中开展更好的应急行动,否则这些行动在当今大大缩短的时间尺度下是不可能的。通过重新连接交换存储元件可以依靠触点,如高压抽头开关,如果设想物理位移,则可以依靠不同的移动手段,如机器人。后一种实现大大拓宽了概念,因为存储元素可以通过自动驾驶汽车进行长距离运输,将能量连接的实体分开。存储元件的特定重连接顺序确保它们在零电流下断开和重连接,从而最大限度地延长了开关的使用寿命。尽管目前存储技术的现状使得这个概念在今天仍然不经济和不可行,但正在进行的技术进步可以打开未来的场景,人们应该准备好接受。本文不是关于当今的传统解决方案。它强调了当材料科学提供足够高容量和循环次数的存储技术时,在电网和/或可再生能源之间交换大量能源的未来可能性。
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引用次数: 2
Electrolytic capacitor-less PV converter for full lifetime guarantee interfaced with DC distribution 与直流配电接口的全寿命保证的无电解电容光伏变流器
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6259017
Gab-Su Seo, B. Cho, Kyu-Chan Lee
Electrolytic capacitors to suppress the voltage and current fluctuation at PV side should be deployed in AC interface to ensure high harvest efficiency which makes it difficult to guarantee the lifetime of PV inverters due to the short lifetime electrolytic capacitors. This paper proposes an electrolytic capacitor-less photovoltaic (PV) micro-converter interfaced with DC distribution system. The short-lifetime capacitors can be eliminated in the proposed DC interfaced structure by using film capacitors which is helpful not only to fully guarantee the lifetime of PV generation system but also improve the system efficiency. Directly interfaced to DC distribution system, the proposed boost-type PV micro-converter features simple structure and high efficiency. In this paper, AC and DC interfaced systems are analyzed in view of PV converter lifetime. Different from conventional power converters, PV converters should keep high efficiency even under 50% load operation due to the solar irradiation profile normally below half of the full irradiation. Because the PV converters are operated by light load efficiency improvement technique such as burst mode method, voltage variation in light load range should be considered. Based on the analysis of voltage variation with respect to the light load efficiency improvement methods, PV micro-converter design guide is presented. 140W prototype PV converter shows maximum efficiency of 97.3% and European efficiency of 96.8% achieving light load efficiency higher than 93% as well as high MPPT efficiency is expected, without electrolytic capacitors which verifies the feasibility of this study.
为了保证高的收获效率,需要在交流接口处配置抑制光伏侧电压电流波动的电解电容,但由于电解电容寿命短,光伏逆变器的使用寿命难以保证。提出了一种与直流配电系统接口的无电解电容光伏微变换器。采用薄膜电容器可以消除直流接口结构中短寿命电容器的存在,既能充分保证光伏发电系统的使用寿命,又能提高系统效率。该升压式光伏微变流器直接与直流配电系统对接,结构简单,效率高。本文从光伏变流器寿命的角度对交直流接口系统进行了分析。与传统的电源变流器不同,光伏变流器在50%负荷下运行时,由于太阳辐照剖面通常低于全辐照的一半,因此即使在50%负荷下也要保持较高的效率。由于光伏变流器采用突发方式等轻载效率提升技术运行,因此需要考虑轻载范围内的电压变化。在分析电压变化对轻载效率提高方法的基础上,提出了光伏微变流器的设计指南。140W样机的最大效率为97.3%,欧洲效率为96.8%,在不使用电解电容器的情况下,轻载效率高于93%,并有望实现较高的MPPT效率,验证了本研究的可行性。
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引用次数: 9
Research on robust H2/H∞ optimization control for unified power quality conditioner in micorgrid 微电网统一电能质量调节器鲁棒H2/H∞优化控制研究
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6259321
Shengqing Li, X. Luo, Yongan Li, Lilin Zeng, Zhengping He
There are diverse types of loads and power resources in microgrid, resulting in lots of power quality problems such as a large number of harmonics and voltage fluctuations. This paper established a unified math model of UPQC in micorgrid, a optimizing control method which based on the robust H2/H∞ controllers was proposed. Uncertain parameters of structures are introduced into state equation; meanwhile, both the H∞ disturbance suppression and the optimal H2 performances of the closed-loop control system are satisfied simultaneously for all allowable uncertainties. The robust H2/H∞ controller design was transformed into a optimal problem with constraints of linear matrix inequalities, the output feedback controllers can be applied. The theoretically analysis and simulation show it can get preferable control effect, fast dynamic response and good robustness.
微电网中负载和电力资源类型多样,导致大量谐波和电压波动等电能质量问题。建立了微电网UPQC的统一数学模型,提出了一种基于鲁棒H2/H∞控制器的优化控制方法。将结构的不确定参数引入状态方程;同时,对于所有允许的不确定性,同时满足闭环控制系统的H∞扰动抑制和最优H2性能。将鲁棒H2/H∞控制器设计转化为具有线性矩阵不等式约束的最优问题,可以应用输出反馈控制器。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法具有较好的控制效果,动态响应快,鲁棒性好。
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引用次数: 7
A novel control strategy of active filter for suppressing background harmonic voltage magnification in power distribution system 一种抑制配电系统背景谐波电压放大的新型有源滤波器控制策略
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6259304
Xiaofeng Sun, Zhichao Lee, Lu Gong, Zhe Chen
The dramatic growth of power electronics applications have led to serious harmonic pollutions in the power system. Due to the changeable feature of system characteristic impedance, a curious phenomenon referred to the ‘whack-a-mole’ may occur when using the resistive active power filter (R-APF) to suppress the harmonic in a long distance distribution line. This paper proposes a new approach by installing an APF at the end of the line which is equivalent to the approximate infinitely long transmission line (I-APF, infinite active power filter), to eliminate the reflected wave and mitigate the background harmonic voltage in power distribution systems. The I-APF is able to maintain equivalent to infinitely long transmission line while system characteristic impedance varies under certain conditions that compensation factors of the APF are great enough. Simulations and experiments have been performed to verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
电力电子应用的急剧增长导致了电力系统中严重的谐波污染。由于系统特性阻抗的变化特性,在使用电阻式有源电力滤波器(R-APF)抑制长距离配电线路中的谐波时,可能会出现一种奇怪的“打鼹鼠”现象。本文提出了一种新的方法,即在线路末端安装一个等效于近似无限长传输线的有源滤波器(I-APF,无限有源电力滤波器),以消除配电系统中的反射波和减轻背景谐波电压。当系统特性阻抗发生变化时,在一定条件下,当补偿因子足够大时,I-APF能够保持与无限长传输线的等效。仿真和实验验证了理论分析和所提策略的有效性。
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引用次数: 4
A direct power conversion topology for grid integrations of hybrid AC/DC resources 用于混合AC/DC资源网格集成的直接功率转换拓扑
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6258881
Xiong Liu, P. Loh, Peng Wang, F. Blaabjerg
This paper proposes a multiple-input versatile matrix converter (VMC) to integrate hybrid ac/dc energy resources and storages to a power grid. The VMC is developed based on the indirect matrix converter (IMC) with its six-switch voltage source converter replaced by a nine-switch topology. The nine-switch converter can provide six input terminals for the connections of one three-phase ac source plus three dc sources to the grid. The three-phase utility grid is connected to the VMC's current source side. This configuration allows the input ac/dc sources' voltages lower than the grid voltage. The control and modulation schemes are proposed to extract the commanded current from the input ac/dc sources to the grid and guarantee high quality ac/dc inputs and ac output current waveforms with unity power factors. The proposed modulation scheme for sinusoidal outputs of the VMC is mathematically proved. The experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the control and modulation schemes for the proposed VMC.
本文提出了一种多输入通用矩阵变换器(VMC),用于将混合交直流能源和存储集成到电网中。VMC是在间接矩阵变换器(IMC)的基础上开发的,将其六开关电压源变换器替换为九开关拓扑结构。九开关转换器可以提供六个输入端子,用于连接一个三相交流电源和三个直流电源到电网。三相电网连接到VMC的电流源侧。这种配置允许输入交流/直流电源的电压低于电网电压。提出了从输入交流/直流电源中提取指令电流到电网的控制和调制方案,保证了具有统一功率因数的高质量交流/直流输入和交流输出电流波形。对所提出的VMC正弦输出调制方案进行了数学证明。实验结果验证了所提出的VMC控制和调制方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis on lead-acid battery bank for nuclear power plants in Korea 韩国核电站用铅酸蓄电池组分析
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6259172
Daesik Kim, H. Cha
Lead-acid batteries are used for DC power system in nuclear power plants. Standards of periodic surveillance and determining battery capacity for the batteries in the nuclear power plant are summarized. This paper is investigated for environment service condition, specification, advantages and disadvantages of Class 1E battery bank. Class 1E batteries of nuclear power plants in Korea are summarized in terms of specification, such as capacity, discharge rate, bank configuration, discharge end voltage, etc. This paper summarizes standards, and performance test results of the battery in the nuclear power plant. Also this paper analyses performance test results during 12 years and compared performance degradation in the battery bank.
铅酸蓄电池用于核电站的直流电源系统。总结了核电站电芯的定期监测和容量测定标准。本文对1E级蓄电池组的环境使用条件、规格、优缺点进行了研究。对韩国核电站1E类电池的规格进行了总结,如容量、放电率、银行配置、放电端电压等。本文综述了核电站电池的标准和性能试验结果。并对12年的性能测试结果进行了分析,比较了电池组的性能下降情况。
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引用次数: 6
10kW rapid-charger for electric vehicle considering vehicle to grid(V2G) 考虑车辆到电网的10kW电动汽车快速充电器(V2G)
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6259283
Ga-Gang Choi, Doo-yong Jung, Sung-chon Choi, C. Won, Yong-Chae Jung, Jang-Hyoun Youm
Because of the quantity of demand power depends on the power consumption of power demands on the loads, the utility grid has to secure a supply of electric energy which is larger than the required power consumption under peak load-condition. It means that the waste of electric power could be heavy at the other time than peak-load period. To avoid the waste of power, a 10kW rapid-charger system which has a function of load compensation at the peak-load condition is proposed in this paper. At the peak-load condition, the rapid charger transfer charged energy in the battery of electric vehicle to the grid. The 10kW rapid-charger for electric vehicle is comprised of the three-phase AC-DC PWM converter and isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter. Proposed V2G operation is verified through simulation experiment performed by 10kW rapid-charger.
由于电力需求对负荷的耗电量取决于电力需求对负荷的耗电量,因此电网必须保证峰值负荷条件下大于所需耗电量的电力供应。这意味着,在非高峰负荷时段,电力的浪费可能更大。为了避免电力的浪费,本文提出了一种具有峰值负荷补偿功能的10kW快速充电系统。在峰值负荷工况下,快速充电器将电动汽车电池中的充电能量输送到电网中。10kW电动汽车快速充电器由三相交直流PWM变换器和隔离式双向DC-DC变换器组成。通过10kW快速充电器的仿真实验验证了所提出的V2G运行方案。
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引用次数: 12
Research on variable frequency system with three-level topology and SVPWM control 基于三电平拓扑和SVPWM控制的变频系统研究
Pub Date : 2012-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6259256
Shi-cheng Zheng, T. Cui, M. Cheng, Long Chen
Working principle of three-level topology and modulation algorithm of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) has been analyzed. And a mathematical expression of the reference voltage has been deduced. Changing the output voltage and frequency synchronously has been realized by changing the dwell time of each vector. And the V/F control demand of electric motor is achieved. In addition, the balancing control strategy of capacitor neutral point voltage balance is presented based on the proposed SVPWM algorithm by adjusting the dwell time of small vector. Finally, the whole system simulation model has been built under the environment of Matlab. The theoretical derivations and control strategies have been verified by simulations. Simulation results show that there are many advantages by using three-level topology with SVPWM control scheme such as high utilization of DC voltage, low harmonics of output voltage, the constant V/f control strategy has been obtained. An important reference value is offered for digital realization of VVVF system in this paper.
分析了三电平拓扑的工作原理和空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的调制算法。并推导了参考电压的数学表达式。通过改变各矢量的停留时间,实现了输出电压和频率的同步改变。实现了电机的V/F控制要求。此外,基于所提出的SVPWM算法,通过调整小矢量驻留时间,提出了电容中性点电压平衡的平衡控制策略。最后,在Matlab环境下建立了整个系统的仿真模型。通过仿真验证了理论推导和控制策略。仿真结果表明,采用三电平拓扑结构的SVPWM控制方案具有直流电压利用率高、输出电压谐波低等优点,可获得恒定的V/f控制策略。本文为变频调速系统的数字化实现提供了重要的参考价值。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Proceedings of The 7th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference
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