Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/16863
Vietnam is home to at least ten species of the genus Trimeresurus (Asian green pitvipers) and at minimum five members are found in Laos. The number has been increasing in recent years because of new species descriptions, e.g., Trimeresurus guoi, and new records of recently discovered taxa, such as T. cardamomensis. However, the genus has still been poorly studied in Laos and Vietnam as many areas in the two countries have not been sufficiently surveyed. In addition, the taxonomic status of several populations in the two countries has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we sequenced 18 new samples of the Asian green pitvipers collected from various sites in Vietnam and from Khammouane province in Laos. Our analyses based on a short fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene confirm the occurrence of T. stejnegeri in Laos and thus increase the species richness in the country to at least six, but more study needs to be undertaken to better understand the diversity of the species group. Two other populations from Khammouane province potentially constitute cryptic species, although further investigation is warranted. In Vietnam, T. albolabris is broadly distributed and divided into two clades with unknown taxonomic status. Moreover, T. gumprechti is discovered in two new localities from the Northeastern provinces of Bac Giang and Cao Bang. It is apparent that this species might represent a species complex, which requires more detailed taxonomic treatment.
{"title":"Molecular assessment of pitviper populations (genus trimeresurus) in Laos and Vietnam reveals new country record and overlooked diversity","authors":"","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16863","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam is home to at least ten species of the genus Trimeresurus (Asian green pitvipers) and at minimum five members are found in Laos. The number has been increasing in recent years because of new species descriptions, e.g., Trimeresurus guoi, and new records of recently discovered taxa, such as T. cardamomensis. However, the genus has still been poorly studied in Laos and Vietnam as many areas in the two countries have not been sufficiently surveyed. In addition, the taxonomic status of several populations in the two countries has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we sequenced 18 new samples of the Asian green pitvipers collected from various sites in Vietnam and from Khammouane province in Laos. Our analyses based on a short fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene confirm the occurrence of T. stejnegeri in Laos and thus increase the species richness in the country to at least six, but more study needs to be undertaken to better understand the diversity of the species group. Two other populations from Khammouane province potentially constitute cryptic species, although further investigation is warranted. In Vietnam, T. albolabris is broadly distributed and divided into two clades with unknown taxonomic status. Moreover, T. gumprechti is discovered in two new localities from the Northeastern provinces of Bac Giang and Cao Bang. It is apparent that this species might represent a species complex, which requires more detailed taxonomic treatment.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74305741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/17138
In order to accurately identify ginseng species (Panax spp.) that grow naturally in some Northern provinces of Vietnam, we collected 30 natural ginseng samples and used nuclear genetic region (ITS-rDNA) for current analysis. The success rate for nuclear genomic region PCR (ITS-rDNA) amplification is 100%. The bidirectional sequence read success rate obtained from the PCR product was 100%, with a nucleotide sequence length of 588 bp. Based on the analysis of ITS-rDNA region results, the samples of ginseng species from Tuyen Quang and Cao Bang provinces have a close relationship with Panax notoginseng (MLBS = 100%), while the samples of ginseng species from Ha Giang and Yen Bai provinces have a close relationship with P. stipuleanatus (MLBS = 99%). As the results, the ginseng samples from Tuyen Quang and Cao Bang provinces were identified as Panax notoginseng and the ginseng samples from Ha Giang and Yen Bai provinces were identified as Panax stipuleanatus. The obtained result also recorded new distribution areas of P. notoginseng in Tuyen Quang and Cao Bang provinces. Furthermore, we successfully registered the nuclear nucleotide sequences of these two Panax species on GenBank with 24 codes (from OM190408 to OM190410, from OM213014 to OM213030, and from OK376138 to OK376141).
{"title":"Identification of Panax spp. in the Northern Vietnam based on ITS-rDNA sequence analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17138","url":null,"abstract":"In order to accurately identify ginseng species (Panax spp.) that grow naturally in some Northern provinces of Vietnam, we collected 30 natural ginseng samples and used nuclear genetic region (ITS-rDNA) for current analysis. The success rate for nuclear genomic region PCR (ITS-rDNA) amplification is 100%. The bidirectional sequence read success rate obtained from the PCR product was 100%, with a nucleotide sequence length of 588 bp. Based on the analysis of ITS-rDNA region results, the samples of ginseng species from Tuyen Quang and Cao Bang provinces have a close relationship with Panax notoginseng (MLBS = 100%), while the samples of ginseng species from Ha Giang and Yen Bai provinces have a close relationship with P. stipuleanatus (MLBS = 99%). As the results, the ginseng samples from Tuyen Quang and Cao Bang provinces were identified as Panax notoginseng and the ginseng samples from Ha Giang and Yen Bai provinces were identified as Panax stipuleanatus. The obtained result also recorded new distribution areas of P. notoginseng in Tuyen Quang and Cao Bang provinces. Furthermore, we successfully registered the nuclear nucleotide sequences of these two Panax species on GenBank with 24 codes (from OM190408 to OM190410, from OM213014 to OM213030, and from OK376138 to OK376141).","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77016278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/16963
Ngo Van Quang, Nguyen Thi Hong Minh, Nguyen Thi Mai Phuong
Using the natural agents with inhibitory activity against digestive enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase capable of hydrolyzing carbohydrates into glucose to reduce blood glucose levels in the blood is one of the effective strategies to control diabetes, especially type II diabetes. α-Mangostin (AMG) was proven to have strong biological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer. However, the evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of this substance through inhibition of starch hydrolytic enzymes activity has not been fully carried out, especially when they are combined with commercial drugs, such as acarbose. In this study, AMG was isolated from the peels of the mangosteen grown in Vietnam using a simple isolation process with two steps: i) fractionation of the material in n-hexane solvent, and ii) chromatography of n-hexane fraction on a silica gel column combined with crystallization. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGI) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (AAI) of purified AMG alone or in combination with acarbose were then determined spectrophotometrically. The obtained results indicated that AMG had a purity of > 98% by HPLC examination and its chemical structure was confirmed by NMR spectra analysis combined with the reference. The isolated AMG showed good AGI and AAI with IC50 values of 8.25 µg/mL and 24.5 µg/mL, respectively. The AGI increased to 69.4% when AMG (5.0 µg/mL) was combined with acarbose at a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL, while the AAI did not have a clear synergistic effect. Our finding suggests the possibility of using the combination formula to enhance acarbose efficacy in treatment of the disease.
{"title":"Isolation of α-mangostin from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peels and evaluation of its inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase and α-amylase in the combination with acarbose","authors":"Ngo Van Quang, Nguyen Thi Hong Minh, Nguyen Thi Mai Phuong","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16963","url":null,"abstract":"Using the natural agents with inhibitory activity against digestive enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase capable of hydrolyzing carbohydrates into glucose to reduce blood glucose levels in the blood is one of the effective strategies to control diabetes, especially type II diabetes. α-Mangostin (AMG) was proven to have strong biological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer. However, the evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of this substance through inhibition of starch hydrolytic enzymes activity has not been fully carried out, especially when they are combined with commercial drugs, such as acarbose. In this study, AMG was isolated from the peels of the mangosteen grown in Vietnam using a simple isolation process with two steps: i) fractionation of the material in n-hexane solvent, and ii) chromatography of n-hexane fraction on a silica gel column combined with crystallization. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGI) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (AAI) of purified AMG alone or in combination with acarbose were then determined spectrophotometrically. The obtained results indicated that AMG had a purity of > 98% by HPLC examination and its chemical structure was confirmed by NMR spectra analysis combined with the reference. The isolated AMG showed good AGI and AAI with IC50 values of 8.25 µg/mL and 24.5 µg/mL, respectively. The AGI increased to 69.4% when AMG (5.0 µg/mL) was combined with acarbose at a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL, while the AAI did not have a clear synergistic effect. Our finding suggests the possibility of using the combination formula to enhance acarbose efficacy in treatment of the disease.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"440 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82909148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/16889
Bui Van Ngoc, Chu Nhat Huy
Coral bleaching is probably caused by the loss of endosymbiotic algae from the host tissue or disturbance of the microbial community composition of corals. In particular, bacteria inhabiting the surface mucus layer of corals are supposed to mediate coral health, but their role in coral bleaching has not been fully clarified. In the present study, we collected mucus samples from bleached and healthy Fungia sp. colonies in Nha Trang bay to investigate biodiversity and bacterial community composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon next-generation sequencing. The results indicated rich biodiversity and significant changes in bacterial communities between bleached and healthy corals. Two phyla, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, making up approximately 80% of the total bacterial abundance, were predominant in both bleached and healthy samples. Three phyla, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria identified as minor taxa, were low in abundance in both samples. However, there were significant differences in bacterial communities at the genus level. Three bacterial genera, Erythobacteria, Synechcococcus CC9902, and Candidatus Actinomarina, involved in coral health protection, were mostly determined in the healthy coral samples. Whereas, five genera, Algicola, Fusibacter, Halodesulfovibrio, Marinifilum, and especially the genus Vibrio, were mainly detected in the bleached corals with a notable increase in relative abundance. Moreover, analysis of alpha and beta diversity (NMDS) also confirmed that there were significant changes in bacterial composition between the bleached and healthy corals (p-value <0.05). These findings suggest that the disturbance of the bacterial community composition living on coral is one of the factors causing coral bleaching, beside environmental factors like pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen.
{"title":"Diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with healthy and bleached coral Fungia sp. in Nha Trang bay, Vietnam","authors":"Bui Van Ngoc, Chu Nhat Huy","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16889","url":null,"abstract":"Coral bleaching is probably caused by the loss of endosymbiotic algae from the host tissue or disturbance of the microbial community composition of corals. In particular, bacteria inhabiting the surface mucus layer of corals are supposed to mediate coral health, but their role in coral bleaching has not been fully clarified. In the present study, we collected mucus samples from bleached and healthy Fungia sp. colonies in Nha Trang bay to investigate biodiversity and bacterial community composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon next-generation sequencing. The results indicated rich biodiversity and significant changes in bacterial communities between bleached and healthy corals. Two phyla, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, making up approximately 80% of the total bacterial abundance, were predominant in both bleached and healthy samples. Three phyla, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria identified as minor taxa, were low in abundance in both samples. However, there were significant differences in bacterial communities at the genus level. Three bacterial genera, Erythobacteria, Synechcococcus CC9902, and Candidatus Actinomarina, involved in coral health protection, were mostly determined in the healthy coral samples. Whereas, five genera, Algicola, Fusibacter, Halodesulfovibrio, Marinifilum, and especially the genus Vibrio, were mainly detected in the bleached corals with a notable increase in relative abundance. Moreover, analysis of alpha and beta diversity (NMDS) also confirmed that there were significant changes in bacterial composition between the bleached and healthy corals (p-value <0.05). These findings suggest that the disturbance of the bacterial community composition living on coral is one of the factors causing coral bleaching, beside environmental factors like pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82722499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/17495
T. Nguyen, H. Le, Y. Ta, Da Xuan Pham, N. Nguyen
Salmonella enterica is one of the most dangerous food-borne pathogens posing a significant global concern especially to travelers returning from developing countries. Given that chicken is the main reservoir for Salmonella, the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant Salmonella from chicken have not been fully described in Vietnam. The present study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistances of Salmonella from chicken carcasses. Among 104 raw chickens collected from 5 districts in Hanoi city, 65 samples were contaminated with Salmonella of which the highest contamination rate was found in Thanh Xuan. A total of 63/65 (96.9%) of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 61/65 (93.9%) of the isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Whole-genome sequencing was employed to analyze 4 strains with high (12_S2 and 61_S18) and low (19_S4 and 8_S1) antimicrobial resistance patterns. Genomic analysis indicated the presence of 27 genes conferring antibiotic resistance. Genotypes were highly correlated to observed phenotypes in 4 strains. Importantly, extended-spectrum β-lactamase blaCTX-M-55 and colistin resistance mcr-3 were reported in isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. This is the first report showing the prevalence and genome sequences of Salmonella from chicken carcasses collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results represented herein provided the basis to understand the dynamics of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in Vietnam and to spot antimicrobial resistance determinants for early diagnosis.
{"title":"Prevalence and whole-genome analysis of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolated from chicken carcasses in Hanoi","authors":"T. Nguyen, H. Le, Y. Ta, Da Xuan Pham, N. Nguyen","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17495","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella enterica is one of the most dangerous food-borne pathogens posing a significant global concern especially to travelers returning from developing countries. Given that chicken is the main reservoir for Salmonella, the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant Salmonella from chicken have not been fully described in Vietnam. The present study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistances of Salmonella from chicken carcasses. Among 104 raw chickens collected from 5 districts in Hanoi city, 65 samples were contaminated with Salmonella of which the highest contamination rate was found in Thanh Xuan. A total of 63/65 (96.9%) of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 61/65 (93.9%) of the isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Whole-genome sequencing was employed to analyze 4 strains with high (12_S2 and 61_S18) and low (19_S4 and 8_S1) antimicrobial resistance patterns. Genomic analysis indicated the presence of 27 genes conferring antibiotic resistance. Genotypes were highly correlated to observed phenotypes in 4 strains. Importantly, extended-spectrum β-lactamase blaCTX-M-55 and colistin resistance mcr-3 were reported in isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. This is the first report showing the prevalence and genome sequences of Salmonella from chicken carcasses collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results represented herein provided the basis to understand the dynamics of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in Vietnam and to spot antimicrobial resistance determinants for early diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91533667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/17475
Vu Thanh Nguyen, Thi Thanh Duyen Nguyen, Nguyen Phuong Phi, Duong Nguyen Mai Que, Luu Thu Hien, Le Luu Phuong Hanh, Ngo Huynh Phuong Thao, Xuan Tong Nguyen, Pham Thanh Luu, Nguyen Hoang Thuy Vy, Dinh Thi Thuy
The Keap1 protein (Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1) and the Nrf2 transcription factor (NF-E2-related factor 2) are important systems for maintaining homeostasis, redox, and metabolism. Based on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, the antioxidative mechanism of P. amarus extract (PAE) was predicted. In this paper, we evaluated the protective effects of PAE on the oxidative toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in zebrafish larvae. We first determined that the LC50 values for NaAsO2, H2O2, and PAE at 3.5 days postfertilization (dpf) were 1 mM, 3 mM, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. Then, to assess the antioxidant effects of P. amarus, 3.5 dpf zebrafish larvae were pretreated with PAE at concentrations of 0, 50, 75, and 100 μg/ml for 12 h, and then the PAE solution was replaced with 1 mM NaAsO2 or 3 mM H2O2 to assess challenge survival within 48 h. Interestingly, all three concentrations, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL PAE, increased the survival rate of zebrafish larvae compared to those larvae exposed to only 1 mM NaAsO2. Similarly, PAE at concentrations of 75 and 100 μg/mL protected zebrafish larvae after exposure to 3 mM H2O2. Real-time qPCR analysis was performed after 3.5 dpf zebrafish larvae were exposed to 100 μg/mL PAE for 12 h to verify whether the increasing antioxidative activity is depended on the Nrf2 pathway. The expression of the Nrf2 target genes glutathione-S-transferase Pi 1 (gstp1) and peroxidase 1 (prdx1) was assessed using real-time qPCR. However, the expression of this gene was not significantly different between control larvae and PAE-treated larvae. Thus, PAE induces antioxidant activity in zebrafish in a Keap1/Nrf2-independent manner.
{"title":"Keap1/Nrf2-independent antioxidative activity of Phyllanthus amarus extract in zebrafish","authors":"Vu Thanh Nguyen, Thi Thanh Duyen Nguyen, Nguyen Phuong Phi, Duong Nguyen Mai Que, Luu Thu Hien, Le Luu Phuong Hanh, Ngo Huynh Phuong Thao, Xuan Tong Nguyen, Pham Thanh Luu, Nguyen Hoang Thuy Vy, Dinh Thi Thuy","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17475","url":null,"abstract":"The Keap1 protein (Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1) and the Nrf2 transcription factor (NF-E2-related factor 2) are important systems for maintaining homeostasis, redox, and metabolism. Based on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, the antioxidative mechanism of P. amarus extract (PAE) was predicted. In this paper, we evaluated the protective effects of PAE on the oxidative toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in zebrafish larvae. We first determined that the LC50 values for NaAsO2, H2O2, and PAE at 3.5 days postfertilization (dpf) were 1 mM, 3 mM, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. Then, to assess the antioxidant effects of P. amarus, 3.5 dpf zebrafish larvae were pretreated with PAE at concentrations of 0, 50, 75, and 100 μg/ml for 12 h, and then the PAE solution was replaced with 1 mM NaAsO2 or 3 mM H2O2 to assess challenge survival within 48 h. Interestingly, all three concentrations, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL PAE, increased the survival rate of zebrafish larvae compared to those larvae exposed to only 1 mM NaAsO2. Similarly, PAE at concentrations of 75 and 100 μg/mL protected zebrafish larvae after exposure to 3 mM H2O2. Real-time qPCR analysis was performed after 3.5 dpf zebrafish larvae were exposed to 100 μg/mL PAE for 12 h to verify whether the increasing antioxidative activity is depended on the Nrf2 pathway. The expression of the Nrf2 target genes glutathione-S-transferase Pi 1 (gstp1) and peroxidase 1 (prdx1) was assessed using real-time qPCR. However, the expression of this gene was not significantly different between control larvae and PAE-treated larvae. Thus, PAE induces antioxidant activity in zebrafish in a Keap1/Nrf2-independent manner.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86681611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/17070
Nguyen Thi Hieu Thu, Trinh Cao Son, Dang Thu Trang, Nguyen Thi My Le, Nguyen Duy Toi, Nguyen Thi Van, Dinh Thuy Hang
Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) converting the atmospheric N2 into usable form NH4 are considered the key players in the nitrogen cycle, chiefly responsible for the enriching nitrogen content in the soils. Globally, biological fixation of N2 greatly contributes to plant growth, lessens the need for chemical fertilizers, and thus contributes to the mitigation of greenhouse gases NOx. In this study, diazotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soils and root nodules of legume and non-legume plants in Vietnam. Quantitative analyzes by the acetylene reduction assay showed that the isolates have high nitrogen fixation activity compared with that of reference strain Azospirillum vinelandii KCTC 2426. In addition, other effective capabilities of the isolated strains toward supporting agriculture were investigated, i.e. synthesizing IAA and siderophore for promoting plant growth, or producing exopolysaccharides for maintaining soil moisture. Taxonomic positions of the isolated strains were identified based on the comparative analyses of sequences of the 16S rDNA and gene related to nitrogen fixation (nifH), revealing a high taxonomic diversity among free-living and symbiotic diazotrophic isolates. Direct support of the selected isolates to plant growth was proven in experiments with mung beans under laboratory conditions. Thus, the native diazotrophic strains obtained in this study would be good microbial sources for application in organic agriculture and soil amendment.
{"title":"Indigenous diazotrophs and their effective properties for organic agriculture","authors":"Nguyen Thi Hieu Thu, Trinh Cao Son, Dang Thu Trang, Nguyen Thi My Le, Nguyen Duy Toi, Nguyen Thi Van, Dinh Thuy Hang","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17070","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) converting the atmospheric N2 into usable form NH4 are considered the key players in the nitrogen cycle, chiefly responsible for the enriching nitrogen content in the soils. Globally, biological fixation of N2 greatly contributes to plant growth, lessens the need for chemical fertilizers, and thus contributes to the mitigation of greenhouse gases NOx. In this study, diazotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soils and root nodules of legume and non-legume plants in Vietnam. Quantitative analyzes by the acetylene reduction assay showed that the isolates have high nitrogen fixation activity compared with that of reference strain Azospirillum vinelandii KCTC 2426. In addition, other effective capabilities of the isolated strains toward supporting agriculture were investigated, i.e. synthesizing IAA and siderophore for promoting plant growth, or producing exopolysaccharides for maintaining soil moisture. Taxonomic positions of the isolated strains were identified based on the comparative analyses of sequences of the 16S rDNA and gene related to nitrogen fixation (nifH), revealing a high taxonomic diversity among free-living and symbiotic diazotrophic isolates. Direct support of the selected isolates to plant growth was proven in experiments with mung beans under laboratory conditions. Thus, the native diazotrophic strains obtained in this study would be good microbial sources for application in organic agriculture and soil amendment.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82662530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/16510
Truong Xuan Dai, Hoang Nghia Son, Le Thanh Long
Microgravity has been shown to markedly affect reproduction in humans and animals, especially reproductive organs such as the ovaries. Granulosa cells are one of the important components of the ovary, playing an important role in supporting oocyte maturation and fertilization. However, the effects of microgravity on granulosa cells have not been well characterized. This study aimed to assess the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the cell cycle progression of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs). The pGCs were induced SMG for 72 h by Gravite® simulator, while cells of the control group were treated in normal conditions. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SMG condition induced an increase of the ratio of pGCs in the G0/G1 phase, leading to the cell cycle arrest phase, while the ratio of pGCs in the G2/M phase was decreased. There was no difference in the cell ratio of the S phase between the control group and the SMG group. Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of cdk4 and cdk6 transcripts of pGCs from the SMG group was lower than the control group. This down-regulation was also observed cyclin A and cyclin D1 transcript expression in pGCs from the SMG group. Immunostaining displayed the lower exhibition of microfilament and microtubule in pGCs from the SMG group comparing to the control group. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of β-actin and α-tubulin was reduced in pGCs from the SMG group. These changes contributed to the alteration of cytoskeletal structure, including microfilaments and microtubules, which affect cell division. These results revealed that the SMG condition induced changes in the cell cycle progression of pGCs.
{"title":"Simulated microgravity altered the cell cycle progression of porcine granulosa cells","authors":"Truong Xuan Dai, Hoang Nghia Son, Le Thanh Long","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16510","url":null,"abstract":"Microgravity has been shown to markedly affect reproduction in humans and animals, especially reproductive organs such as the ovaries. Granulosa cells are one of the important components of the ovary, playing an important role in supporting oocyte maturation and fertilization. However, the effects of microgravity on granulosa cells have not been well characterized. This study aimed to assess the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the cell cycle progression of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs). The pGCs were induced SMG for 72 h by Gravite® simulator, while cells of the control group were treated in normal conditions. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SMG condition induced an increase of the ratio of pGCs in the G0/G1 phase, leading to the cell cycle arrest phase, while the ratio of pGCs in the G2/M phase was decreased. There was no difference in the cell ratio of the S phase between the control group and the SMG group. Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of cdk4 and cdk6 transcripts of pGCs from the SMG group was lower than the control group. This down-regulation was also observed cyclin A and cyclin D1 transcript expression in pGCs from the SMG group. Immunostaining displayed the lower exhibition of microfilament and microtubule in pGCs from the SMG group comparing to the control group. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of β-actin and α-tubulin was reduced in pGCs from the SMG group. These changes contributed to the alteration of cytoskeletal structure, including microfilaments and microtubules, which affect cell division. These results revealed that the SMG condition induced changes in the cell cycle progression of pGCs. ","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74149185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/16664
Bui Kieu Trang, Nguyen Thi Kim Lien, Nguyen Thi Xuan
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the site of inflammation. Plaque psoriasis is the most common type of psoriasis, affecting up to 80–90% of psoriasis cases. Among inflammatory cells, myeloid dendritic cells or Langerhans cells are mainly activated cells during the pathogenesis of psoriasis to induce activation and differentiation of naive T cells into T helper cells (Th)1 and Th17 cells. SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) is a negative regulator of the phosphorylation of several proteins involved in cellular differentiation, growth and activation. Chronic inflammation promotes tumor progression, which is characterized by the release of carcinogenic antigens, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) into blood and urine. They are common tumor markers to serve as predictors of cancer development and survival of cancer patients. To this end, blood samples of 103 psoriasis patients and 46 healthy subjects were collected. The mRNA expressions of SHP1 and SHP2 were examined by using quantitative RT-PCR and the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, AFP and CA125 by ELISA. As a result, the mRNA level of SHP1 was higher expressed, whereas the level of SHP2 was unaltered in the patient group compared to the control individuals. Importantly, psoriasis patients had CA125 level higher than the clinical cutoff 35U/mL was 15.6%, while healthy individuals had CA125 level lower than 35U/mL. In addition, the serum TNF-α and IL-17A concentrations were significantly increased in the patient group. In conclusion, the results indicated the significant differences in expression of SHP1 gene and inflammatory response in psoriasis patients. This study further hint for investigations on the functional role of SHP1 in regulating activation of immune cells present in psoriasis patients.
{"title":"Activation of SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase and inflammatory expression in psoriasis","authors":"Bui Kieu Trang, Nguyen Thi Kim Lien, Nguyen Thi Xuan","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16664","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the site of inflammation. Plaque psoriasis is the most common type of psoriasis, affecting up to 80–90% of psoriasis cases. Among inflammatory cells, myeloid dendritic cells or Langerhans cells are mainly activated cells during the pathogenesis of psoriasis to induce activation and differentiation of naive T cells into T helper cells (Th)1 and Th17 cells. SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) is a negative regulator of the phosphorylation of several proteins involved in cellular differentiation, growth and activation. Chronic inflammation promotes tumor progression, which is characterized by the release of carcinogenic antigens, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) into blood and urine. They are common tumor markers to serve as predictors of cancer development and survival of cancer patients. To this end, blood samples of 103 psoriasis patients and 46 healthy subjects were collected. The mRNA expressions of SHP1 and SHP2 were examined by using quantitative RT-PCR and the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, AFP and CA125 by ELISA. As a result, the mRNA level of SHP1 was higher expressed, whereas the level of SHP2 was unaltered in the patient group compared to the control individuals. Importantly, psoriasis patients had CA125 level higher than the clinical cutoff 35U/mL was 15.6%, while healthy individuals had CA125 level lower than 35U/mL. In addition, the serum TNF-α and IL-17A concentrations were significantly increased in the patient group. In conclusion, the results indicated the significant differences in expression of SHP1 gene and inflammatory response in psoriasis patients. This study further hint for investigations on the functional role of SHP1 in regulating activation of immune cells present in psoriasis patients.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84885697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.15625/1811-4989/16671
Thao Thi Thanh Nguyen, Phuc Hong Vo, Quan Dang Nguyen
The majority of autoimmune and allergic diseases are associated with abnormal expression of interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, that function dually as a proinflammatory cytokine and a transcriptional factor. We created an IL-33 inhibitor called "IL-33 Trap Fc" constructed by fusion of an Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G1 and two distinct extracellular part receptors involved in interacting with IL-33, IL-1 receptors accessory protein, and IL-33 receptor. IL-33 Trap Fc was expressed by two systems, mammalian HEK293 cells and Pichia pastoris yeast. We found that these recombinant proteins were expressed as a glycoprotein and perhaps in dimeric form. IL-33 Trap Fc from HEK293 and P. pastoris suppressed the activity of IL-33 in vitro culture conditions. The glycosylation of IL-33 Trap expressed by P. pastoris yeast was more intensive and heterogeneous than the counterpart protein expressed from HEK293 cells. That is maybe one reason leading to a substantial decrease in the activity of IL-33 Trap Fc from P. pastoris compared with that from HEK293 cells. We also demonstrated that IL-33 Trap Fc expressed from HEK293 cells had therapeutic effects in ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model. These data collectively suggested that IL-33 Trap Fc potently blocks IL-33 in vitro and in vivo, which may be a novel therapeutic strategy for IL-33-mediated allergic diseases.
{"title":"Blockade of interleukin-33 activities by recombinant interleukin-33 Trap Fc protein would be a novel therapeutic strategy in allergic asthma","authors":"Thao Thi Thanh Nguyen, Phuc Hong Vo, Quan Dang Nguyen","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16671","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of autoimmune and allergic diseases are associated with abnormal expression of interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, that function dually as a proinflammatory cytokine and a transcriptional factor. We created an IL-33 inhibitor called \"IL-33 Trap Fc\" constructed by fusion of an Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G1 and two distinct extracellular part receptors involved in interacting with IL-33, IL-1 receptors accessory protein, and IL-33 receptor. IL-33 Trap Fc was expressed by two systems, mammalian HEK293 cells and Pichia pastoris yeast. We found that these recombinant proteins were expressed as a glycoprotein and perhaps in dimeric form. IL-33 Trap Fc from HEK293 and P. pastoris suppressed the activity of IL-33 in vitro culture conditions. The glycosylation of IL-33 Trap expressed by P. pastoris yeast was more intensive and heterogeneous than the counterpart protein expressed from HEK293 cells. That is maybe one reason leading to a substantial decrease in the activity of IL-33 Trap Fc from P. pastoris compared with that from HEK293 cells. We also demonstrated that IL-33 Trap Fc expressed from HEK293 cells had therapeutic effects in ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model. These data collectively suggested that IL-33 Trap Fc potently blocks IL-33 in vitro and in vivo, which may be a novel therapeutic strategy for IL-33-mediated allergic diseases.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84507370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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