On Saturday 2 December 2023, a persistent stream of snow showers affected south Cumbria through much of the day and into the following night, originating from the Irish Sea. As much as 30–40cm of snow accumulated in parts of the South Lakes, unprecedented in modern records according to local long-standing weather observers, and resulted in significant transport and power disruption. This short article examines the meteorological setup responsible and briefly highlights some of the challenges in forecasting snow accumulations from maritime convection.
{"title":"Persistent convective snowfall in the South Lakes, Cumbria – 2 December 2023","authors":"Dan Holley, Nicholas Silkstone","doi":"10.1002/wea.4535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4535","url":null,"abstract":"On Saturday 2 December 2023, a persistent stream of snow showers affected south Cumbria through much of the day and into the following night, originating from the Irish Sea. As much as 30–40cm of snow accumulated in parts of the South Lakes, unprecedented in modern records according to local long-standing weather observers, and resulted in significant transport and power disruption. This short article examines the meteorological setup responsible and briefly highlights some of the challenges in forecasting snow accumulations from maritime convection.","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>The Royal Meteorological Society's (RMetS) flagship publication, the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (QJ), celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2023. This milestone has been celebrated in several ways. A fully open-access special collection1 of 22 classic papers published in QJ highlights key advances in the subject, stretching from 1925 to 2020; these were selected by a group of current and former editors. The special collection is accompanied by a highly informative introduction by QJ's current Chief Editors (Ross and Methven, <span>2023</span>). In addition, a digital timeline2 highlights these papers, plus many more suggested by the RMetS History Special Interest Group, and places QJ in the context of the Society's wider history. On 13 September 2023, a commemorative meeting ‘RMetS Quarterly Journal: Celebrating 150 Years’ was held at Imperial College3.</p> <p><i>John Methven</i> (University of Reading) and <i>Andrew Ross</i> (University of Leeds) presented a precis of the Ross and Methven (<span>2023</span>) article and provided statistics of both the geographical distribution of articles and downloads, buttressing the evidence of QJ's continuing wide international reach and impact.</p> <p><i>Tim Woollings</i> (University of Oxford) highlighted the key role of QJ in the development of understanding of Rossby (or planetary) waves, from their initial identification to their heavy influence in understanding the large-scale dynamics of the mid-latitude atmosphere. A paper by Carl-Gustaf Rossby himself in QJ in 1940 introduced the precursor to what is now known as potential vorticity, a key concept in mid-latitude atmospheric dynamics. Earlier work focused on the stationarity of Rossby waves before attention moved on to their propagation, and the importance of this in maintaining the mid-latitude jet stream. Later work in QJ recognised that westerly flows are baroclinically unstable; this played an important role in understanding the development of mid-latitude weather systems, and their impact on the large-scale heat and momentum budgets.</p> <p><i>Anthony McNally</i> (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)) spoke on ‘Data assimilation: a fusion of knowledge and the rise of the machines’. This led us through the foundational role of data assimilation in providing the initial conditions for numerical weather prediction (NWP), through its equally foundational role in the development of climate reanalyses (such as ECMWF's ERA5 reanalysis) in modern-day climate science, to its use in improving numerical models. The scale of the problem (fusing data from multiple different sources and the quest for ever higher resolution) was emphasised. Looking to the future, the recent ‘astonishing’ rate of advances in machine learning not only challenges conventional approaches to data assimilation and NWP, but also challenges conventional paths to how such work is presented in learned journals such as QJ.</p> <p><i>Bria
{"title":"The Royal Meteorological Society's Quarterly Journal: celebrating 150 years","authors":"Keith P. Shine, Francesca Morris","doi":"10.1002/wea.4543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4543","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Royal Meteorological Society's (RMetS) flagship publication, the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (QJ), celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2023. This milestone has been celebrated in several ways. A fully open-access special collection1 of 22 classic papers published in QJ highlights key advances in the subject, stretching from 1925 to 2020; these were selected by a group of current and former editors. The special collection is accompanied by a highly informative introduction by QJ's current Chief Editors (Ross and Methven, <span>2023</span>). In addition, a digital timeline2 highlights these papers, plus many more suggested by the RMetS History Special Interest Group, and places QJ in the context of the Society's wider history. On 13 September 2023, a commemorative meeting ‘RMetS Quarterly Journal: Celebrating 150 Years’ was held at Imperial College3.</p>\u0000<p><i>John Methven</i> (University of Reading) and <i>Andrew Ross</i> (University of Leeds) presented a precis of the Ross and Methven (<span>2023</span>) article and provided statistics of both the geographical distribution of articles and downloads, buttressing the evidence of QJ's continuing wide international reach and impact.</p>\u0000<p><i>Tim Woollings</i> (University of Oxford) highlighted the key role of QJ in the development of understanding of Rossby (or planetary) waves, from their initial identification to their heavy influence in understanding the large-scale dynamics of the mid-latitude atmosphere. A paper by Carl-Gustaf Rossby himself in QJ in 1940 introduced the precursor to what is now known as potential vorticity, a key concept in mid-latitude atmospheric dynamics. Earlier work focused on the stationarity of Rossby waves before attention moved on to their propagation, and the importance of this in maintaining the mid-latitude jet stream. Later work in QJ recognised that westerly flows are baroclinically unstable; this played an important role in understanding the development of mid-latitude weather systems, and their impact on the large-scale heat and momentum budgets.</p>\u0000<p><i>Anthony McNally</i> (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)) spoke on ‘Data assimilation: a fusion of knowledge and the rise of the machines’. This led us through the foundational role of data assimilation in providing the initial conditions for numerical weather prediction (NWP), through its equally foundational role in the development of climate reanalyses (such as ECMWF's ERA5 reanalysis) in modern-day climate science, to its use in improving numerical models. The scale of the problem (fusing data from multiple different sources and the quest for ever higher resolution) was emphasised. Looking to the future, the recent ‘astonishing’ rate of advances in machine learning not only challenges conventional approaches to data assimilation and NWP, but also challenges conventional paths to how such work is presented in learned journals such as QJ.</p>\u0000<p><i>Bria","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan A. Añel, Celia Pérez Souto, Mario Pansera, Laura de la Torre
<h2> Introduction</h2> <div>The ODEÓN Project (Limitations and hazards of sulphate aerosol injection: The case of Spain) has been funded by the Spanish Research Agency for the period 2023–2024. Scientists involved in the project organised a 1-day workshop on 10 November 2023, at the Campus of Ourense. The goal of the workshop was to highlight the different research areas related to climate intervention techniques to Spanish citizens and representatives of various organisations. ‘Climate intervention’ is the terminology used for what has been traditionally known as ‘geoengineering’. The Royal Meteorological Society defines ‘climate engineering/geoengineering’ as: <blockquote><p>A broad set of methods and technologies that aim to deliberately alter the climate system in order to alleviate the impacts of climate change. Most, but not all, methods seek to either (1) reduce the amount of absorbed solar energy in the climate system (Solar Radiation Management) or (2) increase net carbon sinks from the atmosphere at a scale sufficiently large to alter climate (Carbon Dioxide Removal).</p> <div></div> </blockquote> </div> <p>‘Climate intervention’ is now recommended as the preferred terminology because it clearly states the problem in question (climate) and that solutions are not always necessarily related to ‘engineering’. Also, it has been shown that non-scientists find this terminology easier to understand and hold less negative connotations with the phrase. This terminology was communicated to the attendees at the beginning of the workshop.</p> <p>The main objective of the workshop was to use the feedback from citizens to develop a co-creation approach for the research project, in which the research goals are informed or modified according to citizens' concerns. The workshop attendees included representatives of the environmental departments of local city councils and NGOs, such as Friends of the Earth and Engineers without Borders; MSc and PhD students in Aerospace Engineering and Atmospheric Physics; the Environment Office Manager of the University of Vigo; and social media influencers in environmental protection. The Social Council of the University of Vigo supported the workshop with a monetary contribution.</p> <p>The workshop began with Juan Añel and Laura de la Torre (principal investigators of the project) who presented a brief introduction on climate intervention techniques. This included showing different approaches for solar radiation management, carbon capture and chemical removal of methane, as well as key side effects. It also explained the physical and chemical fundamentals of such methods with basic, non-scientific language. They highlighted the current worldwide framework and state-of-the-art climate intervention research and governance, such as The Oxford Principles (https://www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk/www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk/oxford-principles). Finally, they showed the participants some preliminary ODEÓN research results on the
{"title":"ODEÓN workshop: co‐creation of research on climate intervention techniques through citizen engagement","authors":"Juan A. Añel, Celia Pérez Souto, Mario Pansera, Laura de la Torre","doi":"10.1002/wea.4542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4542","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<div>The ODEÓN Project (Limitations and hazards of sulphate aerosol injection: The case of Spain) has been funded by the Spanish Research Agency for the period 2023–2024. Scientists involved in the project organised a 1-day workshop on 10 November 2023, at the Campus of Ourense. The goal of the workshop was to highlight the different research areas related to climate intervention techniques to Spanish citizens and representatives of various organisations. ‘Climate intervention’ is the terminology used for what has been traditionally known as ‘geoengineering’. The Royal Meteorological Society defines ‘climate engineering/geoengineering’ as: <blockquote><p>A broad set of methods and technologies that aim to deliberately alter the climate system in order to alleviate the impacts of climate change. Most, but not all, methods seek to either (1) reduce the amount of absorbed solar energy in the climate system (Solar Radiation Management) or (2) increase net carbon sinks from the atmosphere at a scale sufficiently large to alter climate (Carbon Dioxide Removal).</p>\u0000<div></div>\u0000</blockquote>\u0000</div>\u0000<p>‘Climate intervention’ is now recommended as the preferred terminology because it clearly states the problem in question (climate) and that solutions are not always necessarily related to ‘engineering’. Also, it has been shown that non-scientists find this terminology easier to understand and hold less negative connotations with the phrase. This terminology was communicated to the attendees at the beginning of the workshop.</p>\u0000<p>The main objective of the workshop was to use the feedback from citizens to develop a co-creation approach for the research project, in which the research goals are informed or modified according to citizens' concerns. The workshop attendees included representatives of the environmental departments of local city councils and NGOs, such as Friends of the Earth and Engineers without Borders; MSc and PhD students in Aerospace Engineering and Atmospheric Physics; the Environment Office Manager of the University of Vigo; and social media influencers in environmental protection. The Social Council of the University of Vigo supported the workshop with a monetary contribution.</p>\u0000<p>The workshop began with Juan Añel and Laura de la Torre (principal investigators of the project) who presented a brief introduction on climate intervention techniques. This included showing different approaches for solar radiation management, carbon capture and chemical removal of methane, as well as key side effects. It also explained the physical and chemical fundamentals of such methods with basic, non-scientific language. They highlighted the current worldwide framework and state-of-the-art climate intervention research and governance, such as The Oxford Principles (https://www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk/www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk/oxford-principles). Finally, they showed the participants some preliminary ODEÓN research results on the","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140010630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Knightley, Sarah Horton, Matthew Clark, Matthew Winter
A powerful tornado affected eastern parts of Jersey, Channel Islands, on the night of Wednesday 1 and Thursday 2 November 2023, associated with a supercell thunderstorm. As well as spawning the tornado, the parent thunderstorm also produced a severe hailstorm, with hailstones upwards of 5cm in diameter documented. A TORRO site investigation, assisted by staff from Jersey Met, concluded that the tornado produced a continuous damage path across the east of the island of around 8km in length, with a width of up to 500m. The tornado was assigned a provisional rating of T6 on the International Tornado Intensity Scale.
{"title":"The Jersey tornado and hailstorm of 1–2 November 2023","authors":"Paul Knightley, Sarah Horton, Matthew Clark, Matthew Winter","doi":"10.1002/wea.4530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4530","url":null,"abstract":"A powerful tornado affected eastern parts of Jersey, Channel Islands, on the night of Wednesday 1 and Thursday 2 November 2023, associated with a supercell thunderstorm. As well as spawning the tornado, the parent thunderstorm also produced a severe hailstorm, with hailstones upwards of 5cm in diameter documented. A TORRO site investigation, assisted by staff from Jersey Met, concluded that the tornado produced a continuous damage path across the east of the island of around 8km in length, with a width of up to 500m. The tornado was assigned a provisional rating of T6 on the International Tornado Intensity Scale.","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
No patches of snow survived on the hills of Scotland from the winter of 2022/2023 to the winter of 2023/2024.
从 2022/2023 年冬天到 2023/2024 年冬天，苏格兰的山上没有一片积雪。
{"title":"No Scottish snow patches survive until winter 2023/2024","authors":"Iain Cameron, Blair Fyffe, Attila Kish","doi":"10.1002/wea.4533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4533","url":null,"abstract":"No patches of snow survived on the hills of Scotland from the winter of 2022/2023 to the winter of 2023/2024.","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jae Yeon Hyun, Byeong-Hee Mihn, Ki-Won Lee, Sang Hyuk Kim, Uhn Mee Bahk
We investigate solar halo terms in observations recorded in the Crown Prince Sohyeon’s Donggung-Ilgi (Seventeenth century) and identify their equivalent terminologies in modern atmospheric optics. We refer to related historical Korean and Chinese materials (e.g. Pungun-Gi, Observation Log for Wind and Clouds, for 6 December 1748), analyse the distributions of each term according to the sun elevation and consult modern studies on halo simulations. Then, we compare our findings with the results of previous works. This study will contribute to the understanding of halo events recorded in historical East Asian documents.
{"title":"Identification of solar halo terms in observations recorded in historical Korean documents","authors":"Jae Yeon Hyun, Byeong-Hee Mihn, Ki-Won Lee, Sang Hyuk Kim, Uhn Mee Bahk","doi":"10.1002/wea.4532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4532","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate solar halo terms in observations recorded in the <i>Crown Prince Sohyeon’s Donggung-Ilgi</i> (Seventeenth century) and identify their equivalent terminologies in modern atmospheric optics. We refer to related historical Korean and Chinese materials (e.g. <i>Pungun-Gi</i>, Observation Log for Wind and Clouds, for 6 December 1748), analyse the distributions of each term according to the sun elevation and consult modern studies on halo simulations. Then, we compare our findings with the results of previous works. This study will contribute to the understanding of halo events recorded in historical East Asian documents.","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 4 October 2023, Dr Helen Roberts, a sociometeorologist at the Met Office, chaired a free two-hour Royal Meteorological Society webinar focused on the crucial role of behavioural change and communication in tackling climate change. Professor Lorraine Whitmarsh first discussed ‘Public Engagement and Behaviour Change for Net Zero’, followed by Professor Saffron O'Neill, who talked about ‘Communicating Climate Change through Images and Video’.
{"title":"Tackling climate change through communication and behaviour change","authors":"Regan Mudhar, Hannah Mallinson","doi":"10.1002/wea.4521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4521","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>On 4 October 2023, Dr Helen Roberts, a sociometeorologist at the Met Office, chaired a free two-hour Royal Meteorological Society webinar focused on the crucial role of behavioural change and communication in tackling climate change. Professor Lorraine Whitmarsh first discussed ‘Public Engagement and Behaviour Change for Net Zero’, followed by Professor Saffron O'Neill, who talked about ‘Communicating Climate Change through Images and Video’.</p>","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139518400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>On the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the Royal Meteorological Society's History Special Interest Group, a symposium was held on 11 October 2023 to discuss the data rescue and preservation activities that are currently underway in the United Kingdom. The Met Office's National Meteorological Library and Archive is a unique resource and should be the first port of call for anyone engaged in the analysis of historic climate data. The manager of the archive, Catherine Ross, gave the first presentation of the meeting. The collection is unique and Catherine described the importance of preserving the original sources of observations and metadata for both current and future researchers. The main theme of Catherine's talk was the value of metadata for assessing the reliability of meteorological observations. A vivid example was presented using the barogram sheets recorded onboard the Royal Navy vessel HMS Prince of Wales, which showed erratic behaviour on 24 May 1941. Contextual information indicated the reason for the unusual trace: the ship was engaging fire at the time with the German battleship <i>Bismarck</i>.</p> <p>A theme that recurred throughout the meeting was the importance of placing modern climatological conditions in a long-term context. The longest series discussed at the meeting was that kept at the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford since 1766, and Stephen Burt described the advances that are being made in the digitization and processing of the sub-daily pressure observations from the observatory. In his book ‘Oxford Weather and Climate since 1767’, co-authored with Tim Burt, the meteorological record-keeping practices at the observatory and the construction of the long temperature series were described in detail. Stephen's talk given at the symposium focused on the importance of the pressure series for understanding long-term change in the atmospheric circulation locally and regionally, for example, through assimilation into reanalysis datasets (see https://www.ecmwf.int/en/about/media-centre/focus/2023/fact-sheet-reanalysis). A notable feature of the Radcliffe Observatory's meteorological history is the homogeneity of the recording practices. Changes to the instruments and their location were few over a 200+ year period and the observatory holds the title for providing the UK's longest unbroken instrumental series at a single site. Indeed, we learnt that the Newman standard barometer (no. 1220) that was installed in 1838 is still in use today.</p> <p>Over the last decade, the recruitment of volunteers to digitize historic meteorological observations via the Zooniverse platform has proved to be hugely successful. Indeed, the pressure data from the Radcliffe Observatory are currently being digitized using that platform (https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/edh/weather-rescue-oxford). The citizen-science theme was continued in Ed Hawkins's talk about the Rainfall Rescue project. In just 16 days in spring 2020 thanks to the eff
{"title":"Data rescue: discovery and recovery of historic climate observations","authors":"Richard Cornes","doi":"10.1002/wea.4519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the Royal Meteorological Society's History Special Interest Group, a symposium was held on 11 October 2023 to discuss the data rescue and preservation activities that are currently underway in the United Kingdom. The Met Office's National Meteorological Library and Archive is a unique resource and should be the first port of call for anyone engaged in the analysis of historic climate data. The manager of the archive, Catherine Ross, gave the first presentation of the meeting. The collection is unique and Catherine described the importance of preserving the original sources of observations and metadata for both current and future researchers. The main theme of Catherine's talk was the value of metadata for assessing the reliability of meteorological observations. A vivid example was presented using the barogram sheets recorded onboard the Royal Navy vessel HMS Prince of Wales, which showed erratic behaviour on 24 May 1941. Contextual information indicated the reason for the unusual trace: the ship was engaging fire at the time with the German battleship <i>Bismarck</i>.</p>\u0000<p>A theme that recurred throughout the meeting was the importance of placing modern climatological conditions in a long-term context. The longest series discussed at the meeting was that kept at the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford since 1766, and Stephen Burt described the advances that are being made in the digitization and processing of the sub-daily pressure observations from the observatory. In his book ‘Oxford Weather and Climate since 1767’, co-authored with Tim Burt, the meteorological record-keeping practices at the observatory and the construction of the long temperature series were described in detail. Stephen's talk given at the symposium focused on the importance of the pressure series for understanding long-term change in the atmospheric circulation locally and regionally, for example, through assimilation into reanalysis datasets (see https://www.ecmwf.int/en/about/media-centre/focus/2023/fact-sheet-reanalysis). A notable feature of the Radcliffe Observatory's meteorological history is the homogeneity of the recording practices. Changes to the instruments and their location were few over a 200+ year period and the observatory holds the title for providing the UK's longest unbroken instrumental series at a single site. Indeed, we learnt that the Newman standard barometer (no. 1220) that was installed in 1838 is still in use today.</p>\u0000<p>Over the last decade, the recruitment of volunteers to digitize historic meteorological observations via the Zooniverse platform has proved to be hugely successful. Indeed, the pressure data from the Radcliffe Observatory are currently being digitized using that platform (https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/edh/weather-rescue-oxford). The citizen-science theme was continued in Ed Hawkins's talk about the Rainfall Rescue project. In just 16 days in spring 2020 thanks to the eff","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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