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THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT OF SPRING-BACK CHARACTERISTICS FOR HELICAL PLASTIC HOSES USING COMPUTER VISION 螺旋塑料软管回弹特性的计算机视觉三维测量
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170121
A. Do, K. Lee, W. Chang, Rung-Ye Lin, Q. Hsu
Using a plastic water hose not only affects water resources, but also affects people’s daily lives. Due to over bending or twisting during service times, plastic hoses tend to fold, buckle, or crack. The new developed spiral plastic hose can overcome the above problems, however, how to evaluate its properties is still an industry need. By using machine vision technology to analyze the spiral plastic hose quality such as the spring-back property is a good methodology which can facilitate the trust relationship between the industries and consumers. Three-dimensional machine vision technologies were used to examine five different kinds of plastic hoses, i.e. type A–E. At first, a testing platform is designed and the measuring algorithm is proposed to measure the inner radius of the bent plastic hose. By using image processing technology and the developmental program, the radius information of plastic hoses before and after spring-back are obtained for further analysis. According to experimental results based on the proposed inspection system, Type B plastic hoses behave with no-kink and its spring-back ratio is 3.457, which is the best of the plastic hoses. Plastic hose of Type D behaves kink situation and its spring-back ratio is 1.117 which is the worst. By comparing the experimental results to the manufacturers offering information, a good agreement is obtained. Therefore, this study provides an innovative inspection system to determine plastic hose quality.
使用塑料水管不仅影响水资源,也影响人们的日常生活。在使用期间,由于过度弯曲或扭曲,塑料软管容易折叠、弯曲或破裂。新开发的螺旋塑料软管可以克服上述问题,但如何评价其性能仍是一个行业难题。利用机器视觉技术分析螺旋塑料软管的回弹性能等质量是一种很好的方法,可以促进行业与消费者之间的信任关系。利用三维机器视觉技术检测了五种不同类型的塑料软管,即A-E型。首先,设计了一个测试平台,并提出了测量算法来测量塑料软管弯曲的内半径。利用图像处理技术和开发程序,获得了塑料软管回弹前后的半径信息,便于进一步分析。基于该检测系统的试验结果表明,B型塑料软管的性能为无扭结,回弹比为3.457,是所有塑料软管中性能最好的。D型塑料软管出现扭结情况,回弹比为1.117,回弹比最差。将实验结果与厂家提供的资料进行比较,得到了较好的一致性。因此,本研究提供了一个创新的检测系统来确定塑料软管的质量。
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引用次数: 0
IMPROVEMENT OF THE REALIGNMENT PERFORMANCE FOR SHORT WAVELENGTH TRACK IRREGULARITY ON A TAMPING MACHINE 夯实机短波轨道不平顺调整性能的改进
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170071
T. Yada, Y. Soda, Y. Naganuma
ABSTRACT Track maintenance work is essential to maintaining the safe and stable operation of a railway system. In recent years, the realignment of track irregularity with wavelengths of approximately 5 m is required in order to reduce the Q-force and the track irregularity growth on the Tokaido Shinkansen. Tamping machines are generally used to realign track irregularities. But, the newest Type-09 tamping machine has a lower realignment performance for track irregularities of around 5 m in wavelength due to its capabilities when it comes to measuring chord length. Therefore, a new measuring system has been attached in the tamping machine in order to measure 3.6 m versine at the longitudinal level. Since a high-precision gyroscope is used, the measuring system is not influenced by the vibration of the tamping machine when in operation. Through repeatability testing it was confirmed that short wavelength track irregularities could be measured with high accuracy. The data measured by Dr Yellow (a track inspection car) was combined with the data taken from the gyroscope to propose a new algorithm for correcting 5 m chord versine track irregularities with better accuracy. Maintenance tests will be conducted to verify the results.
轨道养护工作是维护铁路系统安全稳定运行的关键。近年来,为了减少东海道新干线上的q力和轨道不平顺的增长,需要对波长约为5 m的轨道不平顺进行重新调整。夯实机一般用于调整轨道的凹凸不平。但是,最新的09型夯实机由于其测量弦长的能力,对于波长在5米左右的轨道不规则性,其调整性能较低。因此,在捣固机上安装了一个新的测量系统,以便在纵向水平上测量3.6 m版本。由于采用高精度陀螺仪,测量系统在运行时不受捣固机振动的影响。通过重复性测试,证实了短波径迹不规则度的测量精度较高。“黄博士”(一辆轨道检查车)测量的数据与陀螺仪采集的数据相结合,提出了一种新的算法,以更高的精度纠正5米弦反轨道不规则性。将进行维护测试以验证结果。
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引用次数: 0
FAST NUMERICAL MODELLING METHOD FOR WIND FLOW INVESTIGATION BASED ON DEPTH-AVERAGED EQUATIONS 基于深度平均方程的风场快速数值模拟方法
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170031
A. Avramenko, O. Agafonova, J. Sorvari, H. Haario, Y. Avramenko
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引用次数: 1
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF A MULTI-DRUM COLUMN 多鼓柱地震响应的试验研究
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170021
D. Foti, V. Vacca
In this paper, the experimental results of a multiblock column have been demonstrated by the harmonic and cyclic impulse movements of the base. The tests were performed on a shaking-table with one degree of freedom at the Materials Testing Laboratory “M. Salvati” of the Polytechnic University of Bari for the rigid and deformable foundation column. Through the use of 3D printing, a staircase prototype of 6 blocks along the stem plus the capstone was built, with a base-diameter ratio of 6.5. Geometric features represent a “standard” column belonging to the classical Doric order in the Mediterranean basin. The main aim of this paper was to study the influence of deformability of the foundation on the overall dynamics of the phenomenon in order to address operational solutions that reduce the seismic vulnerability of such structures that are technically and technologically compatible with the current archaeological culture.
本文通过基础的谐波和循环冲击运动验证了多块柱的试验结果。试验在M材料试验实验室的一个自由度振动台上进行。Bari理工大学的Salvati”为刚性和可变形的基础柱。通过使用3D打印技术,建造了一个由6块沿茎和顶石组成的楼梯原型,其基径比为6.5。几何特征代表了地中海盆地中属于古典多立克秩序的“标准”柱。本文的主要目的是研究基础的可变形性对这种现象的整体动力学的影响,以便解决在技术上和技术上与当前考古文化兼容的结构减少地震脆弱性的操作解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE INNER FLOW FIELD OF PIPES WITH VARYING CROSS-SECTIONS 变截面管道内流场的数值研究
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170041
Yanhui Jia, Zixue Guo
To investigate the variation regularity of refined flowing structure and flowing parameters of the working gas in pipe with varying cross-section, we numerically simulate the inner flow in the pipe using AUSM-up spatial model and LU-SGS implicit timing model, and study the influence of the Mach number on the flowing parameters. The conclusions are as follows: the structure of the inner flow is rather complicated that includes both shock wave and rarefaction wave, and there exists the overlapping phenomenon of the shock wave and the rarefaction wave, as well as the reflection of the rarefaction wave on the inner pipe wall. As the Mach number increases, the pressure at the outlet decreases whereas the temperature at the outlet ascends continuously.
为了研究变截面管道内工作气体精细化流动结构和流动参数的变化规律,采用AUSM-up空间模型和LU-SGS隐式时序模型对管道内流动进行了数值模拟,研究了马赫数对流动参数的影响。研究结果表明:管内流动结构较为复杂,既有激波又有稀薄波,存在激波与稀薄波的重叠现象,以及稀薄波在管内壁面的反射。随着马赫数的增加,出口压力减小,出口温度不断升高。
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引用次数: 0
INFLUENCE OF FLOW ON PUFF CHARACTERISTICS 流量对抽气特性的影响
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170051
H. Chaloupecká, Z. Jaňour, R. Kellnerová, K. Jurčáková
The purpose of the study is to examine how vortices in flow influence dispersion of short-duration gas leakage (e.g. toxic gas leakage from chemical plants). A scale model of an idealized urban canopy typical for European cities was utilized. The model was composed of closed courtyards with pitched roofs placed equidistantly from each other. An approach flow angle to the model was parallel with the shorter side of the courtyards. Flow on the model was measured by Laser Doppler Anemometry. A short-duration ground-level point gas source was placed in the model. The gas leakage was simulated by ethane as a passive tracer. The gas was detected at various sampling positions within the model at pedestrian level by Fast Flame Ionisation Detector. To obtain statistically representative datasets, shortduration gas discharges were repeated under the same experimental setting about 400 times at each sampling place. From the datasets, puff characteristics (e.g. gas arrival time) were derived. Results of the flow measurements reveal channelling effect in a parallel street. In all transverse streets, recirculation vortices with vertical axes at corners of street intersections and circulation cells with horizontal axes can be spotted. The vortices in flow substantially influence puff characteristics. For example, on one hand the corner vortices seem to shorten the mean time at which gas arrives to the sampling place for some regions of the vortices. On the other hand, sampling positions near the centre of the vortices seem to be more isolated and gas therefore gets to them on an average later than to the neighbouring sampling positions. Moreover, relatively huge mean maximum concentrations detected on an average later (measured either from the release time or the cloud arrival time) than for the neighbouring sampling positions can be found in these areas.
本研究的目的是研究气流中的涡旋如何影响短时间气体泄漏(如化工厂的有毒气体泄漏)的扩散。采用了典型的欧洲城市理想城市冠层的比例模型。该模型由封闭的庭院组成,倾斜的屋顶彼此等距放置。模型的接近流角与庭院的短边平行。用激光多普勒风速仪测量模型上的流量。在模型中放置了一个短持续时间的地面点气源。气体泄漏用乙烷作为被动示踪剂进行模拟。通过快速火焰电离检测器在模型内行人水平的不同采样位置检测气体。为了获得具有统计代表性的数据集,在相同的实验设置下,在每个采样点重复短时间气体放电约400次。从数据集中,衍生出抽气特性(例如气体到达时间)。流量测量结果揭示了平行街道的通道效应。在所有的横向街道上,路口拐角处都可以发现垂直轴的环流漩涡和水平轴的环流单元。流动中的涡流对泡芙特性有很大的影响。例如,一方面,角涡似乎缩短了气体到达采样点的平均时间。另一方面,靠近漩涡中心的采样位置似乎更孤立,因此气体到达它们的平均时间要晚于邻近的采样位置。此外,在这些地区可以发现,与邻近的采样位置相比,在平均较晚(从释放时间或云到达时间测量)检测到的平均最大浓度相对较大。
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引用次数: 2
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRAPHS TO MODEL A CITY 不同类型的图形来模拟一个城市
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170081
Taras Agryzkov, J. Oliver, L. Tortosa, José-Francisco Vicent
This work was partially supported by the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Economia y Competividad, which reference number is TIN2014-53855-P.
本研究得到了西班牙政府Ministerio de Economia y Competividad的部分支持,参考编号为TIN2014-53855-P。
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引用次数: 3
DEEP DRAWING FORMABILITY OF THE MEASUREMENT OF MAGNESIUM SHEET METALS 镁板深拉成型性能的测量
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170011
Akihiro Minami, H. Sakamoto, Yasuo Marumo
In the field of sheet metals forming, the press forming is executed as important method for mass production processing. It is reported that the plastic formability of Mg-alloy improves in the warm working. The warm deep drawing tests was carried out by using the 2 kinds of punch diameter, 30 mm and 50 mm. This paper describes about the optimum deep drawing conditions with forming temperature and lubricant in the magnesium AZ31B alloy and the flame retardant magnesium alloy AMX602. These Mg alloys are difficult to mold at room temperature. However, in forming temperature at 180°C–200°C, Limiting Drawing Ratio (LDR) of AZ31B became 2.65. The optimum forming temperature condition of AZ31B is 180°C–200°C. The value of LDR decreases at 200°C or more. LDR of retardant magnesium alloy AMX602 is also 2.65 at the temperature at 300°C–320°C. The optimum temperature conditions of retardant magnesium alloy AMX602 is assumed to be 300°C or more. After molding, the thickness decreases from the punch shoulder to the part around the sidewall. The magnesium alloys in thickness change is similar to the common deep drawing with the other materials. In AZ31B alloy and AMX602 alloy, the failure pattern is often occurred at sidewall area and punch-shoulder area respectively.
在钣金成形领域,冲压成形是大批量生产加工的重要方法。据报道,镁合金在热加工过程中塑性成形性得到改善。采用30 mm和50 mm两种冲头直径进行了温拉深试验。介绍了AZ31B镁合金和阻燃镁合金AMX602的最佳拉深工艺条件、成形温度和润滑剂。这些镁合金在室温下难以成型。而在180℃~ 200℃的成形温度下,AZ31B的极限拉伸比(LDR)为2.65。AZ31B的最佳成形温度条件为180℃~ 200℃。LDR值在200℃以上会降低。阻燃镁合金AMX602在300℃- 320℃时的LDR也为2.65。阻燃镁合金AMX602的最佳温度条件为300℃以上。成型后,从凸肩到侧壁周围的部分厚度减小。镁合金的厚度变化与一般的深拉深相似。在AZ31B合金和AMX602合金中,破坏模式分别发生在侧壁区和冲孔肩区。
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引用次数: 2
TRANSIENT MICRO-NANO HEAT CONDUCTION ANALYSIS USING A COMBINATION OF THE FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD, THE COLLOCATION MESHFREE METHOD AND THE DISCRETE ORDINATE METHOD 结合有限差分法、配置无网格法和离散坐标法进行瞬态微纳热传导分析
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170111
S. Zahiri, Jie Song, Hua Bao, Yongxing Shen
For studying transient heat conduction problems in the micro-nano scale, the standard heat diffusion equation is no longer applicable, and the time-dependent Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) needs to be solved. Although mesh-based numerical methods such as the finite element method (FEM) and the finite volume method (FVM) are often employed to solve the BTE, the collocation meshfree method has special advantages since it does not require numerical integration. In this work, the collocation meshfree method and the discrete ordinate method (DOM) are implemented to discretize the spatial and angular domains, respectively, while the explicit finite difference method (FDM) is used for advancing in time. Such a method is used to solve the transient BTE for a square domain with prescribed temperature and adiabatic boundary conditions. Our results are consistent with transient heat transfer problems solved by FVM approach.
对于研究微纳尺度的瞬态热传导问题,标准的热扩散方程已不再适用,需要求解随时间变化的玻尔兹曼输运方程(BTE)。虽然基于网格的数值方法如有限元法(FEM)和有限体积法(FVM)经常被用于求解BTE,但无配点法由于不需要数值积分而具有特殊的优势。本文采用配置无网格法和离散坐标法分别实现空间域和角域的离散化,采用显式有限差分法进行时间推进。用该方法求解了具有一定温度和绝热边界条件的方形区域的瞬态热载荷。我们的结果与用FVM方法解决的瞬态传热问题一致。
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引用次数: 0
DESIGN OF LONG CANISTER MACHINERY PRODUCT MULTIFUNCTIONAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM BASED ON LABVIEW 基于labview的长罐机械产品多功能测量系统设计
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.2495/CMEM170131
Wang Bin, Sun Rui, Qi Tiecheng
Dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance are the most important technique indicators associated with the function of a machinery product. This article introduced a measurement system, which was developed for a long canister machinery product which needs 100% detection. The inspecting mode, still dependent on a coordinate measuring machine or any other precision measuring instrument, leads to low speed of detection and low accuracy. Aiming at solving the problem, an automatic measurement system is built based on virtual measuring technology, based on LabVIEW virtual instrument platform to develop the main control program to build the peripheral hardware which was founded on some key technique: fixing appliance, sensor applications, exact arithmetic, system integration. Furthermore, it is essential to carry out the research of generalized design. Through using hardware modular unification, interface design standardization, software functionality and configurable hierarchical, achieved the goal of measuring dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance on the same instrument. Experimental results show that inspection accuracy of the proposed system reaches 99.80%, and the measurement error is less than 0.043mm. The measurement result satisfies the requirement of the long canister technique indicators. The synthetical measurement efficiency reaches three times that of the former method.
尺寸公差和几何公差是机械产品性能最重要的技术指标。本文介绍了针对一种需要100%检测的长罐机械产品而开发的测量系统。检测方式仍然依赖于三坐标测量机或任何其他精密测量仪器,导致检测速度低,精度低。针对这一问题,建立了基于虚拟测量技术的自动测量系统,在LabVIEW虚拟仪器平台上开发了主控程序,构建了外围硬件,并以固定器具、传感器应用、精确算法、系统集成等关键技术为基础。此外,开展广义设计的研究是十分必要的。通过采用硬件模块化统一、接口设计标准化、软件功能化和可配置层次化,实现了在同一台仪器上测量尺寸公差和几何公差的目的。实验结果表明,该系统的检测精度达到99.80%,测量误差小于0.043mm。测量结果满足长筒工艺指标的要求。综合测量效率是前一种方法的3倍。
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引用次数: 0
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WIT transactions on engineering sciences
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