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Influence of the content of chromium in low-carbon bainitic-martensitic steels on the efficiency 低碳贝氏体-马氏体钢中铬含量对效率的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-36-47
S. V. Korotovskaya, O. Sych, E. Khlusova, E. V. Zabavicheva
The effect of chromium content on phase transformations in low-carbon high-strength steel for shipbuilding has been studied. Under industrial conditions, two rolled sheets 50 mm thick were manufactured from steel with a chromium content of 1.08% and 0.42% using hot rolling technology, followed by furnace hardening and high-temperature tempering, standard mechanical properties and performance characteristics were determined. With the help of optical and transmission electron microscopy, the structural features of steel were revealed. 
研究了铬含量对造船用低碳高强钢相变的影响。在工业条件下,以含铬量分别为1.08%和0.42%的钢为原料,采用热轧工艺制备了厚为50 mm的两种钢板,经炉内淬火和高温回火,测定了标准力学性能和性能特征。借助光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜,揭示了钢的组织特征。
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引用次数: 0
Studying the dependence of the properties of titanium coatings on the technological modes of microplasma sputterer UGNP-7/2250 研究了微等离子体溅射UGNP-7/2250工艺模式对钛镀层性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-80-86
M. E. Goshkoderya, N. A. Serdyuk, T. Bobkova, A. A. Kashirina, M. V. Staritsin, E. D. Nesterova
The results of optimizing the technological modes of deposition of titanium coatings by the microplasma method are presented in order to identify the most productive one. Variable values of the current strength of the electric arc, the flow rates of the plasma-forming and transporting gases were used as variable parameters. The sputtering material was PTOM-1 grade titanium powder of various fractional compositions: 20–32, 32–40, and 40–71 µm. A series of experiments was carried out on a combination of a number of factors. The following factors were considered: a coating thickness of at least 200 μm, the exclusion of sintering of the sprayed powder in the channels of the plasma torch, low porosity of the coating (no more than 5%), a tight fit of the coating to the substrate, and the exclusion of delamination of the coating during mechanical processing. As a result, the most optimal modes of coating deposition were identified. For coatings with the lowest porosity (from 1.0 to 1.9%), when all the above indicators were achieved, the morphology and microhardness were studied. According to the SEM microimages of transverse sections, it was determined that the coatings adhere tightly to the substrate material, there are no areas with delamination of the coating, and the microhardness of the coatings is in the range of 685–744 HV. 
通过对微等离子体法制备钛涂层的工艺模式进行了优化,找出了效率最高的工艺模式。以电弧电流强度、等离子体形成和输送气体的流速为可变参数。溅射材料为20-32、32-40和40-71µm不同分数成分的PTOM-1级钛粉。对若干因素的组合进行了一系列实验。考虑了以下因素:涂层厚度至少为200 μm,防止喷涂粉末在等离子炬通道中烧结,涂层孔隙率低(不超过5%),涂层与基体紧密贴合,以及在机械加工过程中防止涂层分层。最终确定了最优的涂层沉积模式。对于孔隙率最低的涂层(1.0 ~ 1.9%),在达到上述指标后,研究其形貌和显微硬度。通过扫描电镜(SEM)的横截面显微图像,确定涂层与基体材料粘附紧密,无涂层分层现象,涂层显微硬度在685 ~ 744 HV之间。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties of a heat-resistant nickel alloy based on Ni–Fe–Co–Nb–Ti–Ta 热处理对Ni-Fe-Co-Nb-Ti-Ta耐热镍合金组织和性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-48-59
S. Ovsepyan, M. V. Akhmedzyanov, E. Lukina, O. I. Rastorgueva
The effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties of a new weldable heat-resistant alloy based on Ni–Fe–Co–Nb–Ti–Тa with a low coefficient of thermal expansion for parts of gas turbine engines was studied. The stability of the intermetallic globular phase, the features of precipitation of lamellar particles during annealing after quenching were studied. It is shown that the structure formed during heat treatment with nanosized cuboid and rounded particles of the γ′-phase, as well as with a small amount of lamellar η-phase precipitates along the grain boundaries, provides a high set of properties and excellence heat-resistance in comparison with iron-nickel commercial alloys of a similar purpose. With uniform precipitation of the γ′-phase higher tensile strength are achieved. 
研究了热处理对一种新型低热膨胀系数Ni-Fe-Co-Nb-Ti -Тa可焊耐热合金组织和性能的影响。研究了金属间球相的稳定性和淬火退火过程中层状颗粒析出的特征。结果表明,在热处理过程中形成的纳米长方体和γ′相的圆形颗粒,以及沿晶界有少量的片层状η相沉淀的组织,与类似用途的铁镍合金相比,具有较高的性能和优异的耐热性。随着γ′相的均匀析出,获得了较高的抗拉强度。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of substitution of Mg for Zn IN the composition of layered double aluminum hydroxides on their physico-chemical properties 层状双氢氧化铝组成中Mg取代Zn对其理化性质的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-87-97
D. Mayorov, E. K. Kopkova
Samples of Mg–Zn–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) have been synthesized by solid-phase interaction of Mg, Zn, and Al crystalline hydrates with (NH4)2CO3, and then studied by chemical, X-ray phase analysis, as well as by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) methods. The paper presents results of studies of structural and surface properties (specific surface area and volume of pores, distribution of pores by their diameter). It was found that an increase in the degree of substitution of Mg by Zn leads to an increase in the specific surface area and the specific volume of samples. At the same time, the distribution of mesopores has a polymodal character with a predominance of pores having dpor = 3–4 and 25–50 nm. It was found that the substitution of Mg for Zn in the composition of layered double hydroxides leads not only to an increase in the specific capacity of the monomolecular layer of LDH, but also to a stronger interaction of adsorbate (nitrogen) with their surface.
通过Mg、Zn、Al晶体水合物与(NH4)2CO3固相相互作用合成了Mg - Zn - Al层状双氢氧化物(LDH)样品,并用化学、x射线相分析、brunauer - emmet - teller (BET)和Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH)方法对样品进行了研究。本文介绍了结构和表面性质(孔隙的比表面积和体积,孔隙的直径分布)的研究结果。结果表明,随着Mg被Zn取代程度的增加,样品的比表面积和比容也随之增加。同时,中孔的分布具有多模态特征,以dpo = 3 ~ 4 nm和25 ~ 50 nm的孔为主。研究发现,在层状双氧水化物的组成中,Mg取代Zn不仅使LDH单分子层的比容量增加,而且使吸附物(氮)与其表面的相互作用更强。
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引用次数: 0
Structure and properties of the t-joints made of titanium alloy VT6S during diffusion brazing 钛合金VT6S扩散钎焊t形接头的组织与性能
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-71-79
A. Igolkin, N. V. Lebedeva, I. A. Maksimenko
The paper studies structural transformations of the brazing seam and fillet of the T-joints formed during the diffusion brazing of the titanium alloy VT6S with filler alloy of the Ti–Cu–Ni–Zr system. The soaking time during brazing under the designed temperature is regarded as one of the most important processing terms. It is shown that the satisfactory level of the mechanical properties of the joints could be achieved at the proper technological parameters that provide removal of any alloying additions from the brazing seam as well as the minimum fillet size. The lamellar structure of the base titanium alloy could be recommended as the most desirable for the diffusion of brazed joints.
本文研究了Ti-Cu-Ni-Zr体系钎料对钛合金VT6S扩散钎焊过程中钎缝和圆角的组织变化。在设计温度下钎焊时的浸泡时间是最重要的工艺条件之一。结果表明,在适当的工艺参数下,除去钎焊缝中的任何合金添加剂以及最小的圆角尺寸,接头的力学性能可以达到满意的水平。基底钛合金的层状组织是钎焊接头扩散最理想的组织。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the phase composition of the middlings with subsequent simulation of the compositions of potassium and sodium salts for the decomposition of arsenopyrite 对中矿相组成的研究,并对毒砂分解过程中钾盐和钠盐的组成进行了模拟
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-113-124
E. Doroshenko, E. D. Kim, A. Rasskazova, E. Ri
The results of the study of tin-bearing middlings are presented. The mineralogical composition obtained by micro-X-ray diffraction analysis was determined and thermodynamic modeling, using the software package Thermo-Calc, was carried out. The aim of this work was a comprehensive study of the interaction of arsenopyrite and cassiterite with salts of alkali earth metals and the search for the optimum composition and ratio of salts for the decomposition of arsenopyrite into separate easily removable components. With the help of these results further work on the development of a complex technique for the selective separation of arsenopyrite and cassiterite and the extraction of tin and associated metals from these middlings is relevant. 
介绍了含锡中矿的研究结果。通过微x射线衍射分析得到矿物组成,并利用thermal - calc软件进行热力学建模。本文的目的是全面研究毒砂和锡石与碱土金属盐的相互作用,并寻找将毒砂分解成易于分离的组分的最佳盐组成和比例。在这些结果的帮助下,进一步开发一种复杂的技术来选择性地分离毒砂和锡石,并从这些中矿中提取锡和伴生金属是有意义的。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of calcium consumption and content on the quality of 10KhSND steel made from continuously cast slabs 钙用量和含量对连铸板坯10KhSND钢质量的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-27-35
V. G. Milyuts, A. V. Badaev, V. Tsukanov, E. Y. Levagin, D. P. Byzov, A. B. Vorobyov
The effect of calcium consumption during out-of-furnace processing and its content in the finished metal on the quality of sheet steel grade 10KhSND, obtained from continuously cast slabs, has been studied. The research is based on the results of evaluating the macrostructure of slabs obtained from a continuously cast billet, as well as after testing the finished metal to determine impact strength, contamination with non-metallic inclusions, and ductile-brittle transition temperature. The paper analyzes the effect of consumption and calcium content in the metal. 
研究了炉外加工钙用量及成品金属中钙含量对连铸板坯10KhSND级薄钢质量的影响。这项研究是基于对连铸坯的宏观组织进行评估的结果,以及对成品金属进行测试以确定冲击强度、非金属夹杂物污染和韧脆转变温度。本文分析了金属的消耗量和含钙量的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the influence of homogenization annealing on the critical brittle temperature of forged blanks from steel 15Kh2MFA-A 均匀化退火对15Kh2MFA-A钢锻坯临界脆性温度影响的评价
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-05-14
M. I. Olenin, O. N. Romanov, S. V. Bushuev, A. Kashtanov, S. Y. Afanasiev, B. I. Berezhko, S. A. Shakhkyan, Zh. E. Apinov
The effect of the homogenization annealing duration on the critical brittle temperature of 15Kh2MFA-A vessel reactor steel has been studied. The criterion for calculating the duration of the annealing is determined – this is the total duration of heating of the ingot and forging before the first and second removals. It is shown that in order to achieve Тк0 not less than minus 50°С, a total specific exposure at a temperature of 1220±20°С of not less than 2.5 min/mm of section is required. 
研究了均匀化退火时间对15Kh2MFA-A容器堆钢临界脆性温度的影响。计算退火时间的标准是确定的——这是钢锭和锻件在第一次和第二次去除之前加热的总时间。结果表明,为了达到Тк0不小于- 50°С,需要在1220±20°С温度下的总比暴露量不小于2.5 min/mm的截面。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of vanadium and niobium on phase transformations in chromium-nickel-molybdenum shipbuilding steel.
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-114-2-15-26
V. R. Nikitina, U. A. Pazilova, E. Khlusova
The effect of microalloying with niobium and vanadium on phase transformations and the structure of chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel during hardening, including after previous hot plastic deformation, has been studied. A low-carbon chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel with a different content of alloying and microalloying elements was chosen as the object of study. The performed studies made it possible to establish the regularities of the influence of microalloying additives, hot plastic deformation and grain size on phase transformations and structural features of chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel. The results of the study could be used to improve known technologies or create some new types of production
研究了铌和钒微合金化对铬镍钼钢淬火过程中(包括热塑性变形后)相变和组织的影响。以不同合金化元素和微合金化元素含量的低碳铬镍钼钢为研究对象。研究建立了微合金化添加剂、热塑性变形和晶粒尺寸对铬镍钼钢相变和组织特征的影响规律。这项研究的结果可以用来改进已知的技术或创造一些新的生产方式
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引用次数: 0
Long-term high-temperature exposure effects on mechanical properties and structure of the 42XNM alloy after neutron irradiation in the VVER-1000. Part 2. Structural studies VVER-1000中子辐照后42XNM合金长期高温暴露对力学性能和组织的影响第2部分。结构研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-150-173
B. Gurovich, A. Frolov, E. Kuleshova, D. Maltsev, I. Fedotov, D. Safonov
The paper presents the results of structural studies of ring specimens made of the 42XNM alloy after irradiation as part of the control and protection system of the VVER-1000 reactor to a damaging dose of ~12 dpa at a temperature of ~350°C and subsequent isothermal annealings in the temperature range of 400– 1150°C (heating and holding for ~2 h). It is shown that during long-term isothermal annealing, a change in the phase composition of the alloy is observed, dislocation structures and grain-boundary segregations are annealed, and porosity evolves. It has been confirmed that decrease in the plastic properties of the 42XNM alloy after irradiation and subsequent isothermal annealing in the temperature range of 400–1000°C could be explained by the formation of precipitates of the second phases (zones of discontinuous decomposition of the solid solution with the release of α-Cr particles along the grain boundaries) and pores at the grain boundaries.
本文介绍了作为VVER-1000反应堆控制和保护系统的一部分,42XNM合金在350℃的~12 dpa的损伤剂量下辐照后,在400 ~ 1150℃的温度范围内进行等温退火(加热保温~2 h)后的结构研究结果。结果表明,在长期的等温退火过程中,合金的相组成发生了变化。位错组织和晶界偏析退火,孔隙形成。在400 ~ 1000℃的温度范围内辐照和等温退火后,42XNM合金的塑性性能下降,其原因是晶界处形成了第二相(固溶体不连续分解区,α-Cr颗粒沿晶界释放)和气孔。
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引用次数: 0
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Voprosy Materialovedeniya
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