Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-245-259
B. Margolin, N. Pirogova, A. Sorokin, V. I. Kohonov, A. V. Dub, I. A. Safonov
The studies of stress corrosion cracking have been carried out for the stainless ferritic-martensitic steel with chromium content of 12% irradiated to a damage neutron dose of ~12 dpa. This steel was chosen as a candidate material for the internals of supercritical water-cooled reactors (SWCR).The first part of the paper was devoted to autoclave testing of specially designed disk specimens under constant load in a supercritical water environment (at 450°C and 250 atm pressure). In this part of the article the developed technique for corrosion cracks identification is presented and analysis of autoclave tests results is performed.As a result of the experiments performed, the threshold stress values below which stress corrosion cracking initiation doesn’t occur. The values of threshold stresses are determined for the studied steel irradiated at temperatures of 390 and 550°C. Possible mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking of the studied steel are analyzed and directions for further research are proposed.
{"title":"Study of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of irradiated ferrite-martensitic stainless steel 07Kh12NMFB in supercritical water. Part 2. Development of corrosion crack identification technique and analysis of autoclave test results","authors":"B. Margolin, N. Pirogova, A. Sorokin, V. I. Kohonov, A. V. Dub, I. A. Safonov","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-245-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-245-259","url":null,"abstract":"The studies of stress corrosion cracking have been carried out for the stainless ferritic-martensitic steel with chromium content of 12% irradiated to a damage neutron dose of ~12 dpa. This steel was chosen as a candidate material for the internals of supercritical water-cooled reactors (SWCR).The first part of the paper was devoted to autoclave testing of specially designed disk specimens under constant load in a supercritical water environment (at 450°C and 250 atm pressure). In this part of the article the developed technique for corrosion cracks identification is presented and analysis of autoclave tests results is performed.As a result of the experiments performed, the threshold stress values below which stress corrosion cracking initiation doesn’t occur. The values of threshold stresses are determined for the studied steel irradiated at temperatures of 390 and 550°C. Possible mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking of the studied steel are analyzed and directions for further research are proposed.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"62 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-208-226
B. Margolin, V. Fomenko, F. L. Shishkov, E. V. Yurchenko
The possibility of brittle fracture resistance (BFR) determination is investigated with mechanical testing for ion-irradiated chromium stainless steel. To consider the ion irradiation effect on material properties disc specimens in initial and irradiated states were tested by mechanical loading until brittle fracture. The micro- hardness of specimens before and after ion irradiation was also determined. It was found that the microhardness of ion-irradiated steel is higher than the microhardness of steel in initial state. However, critical loads for brittle fracture of disc specimens are practically equal for initial and ion-irradiated states. The performed calculations, SEM investigations and also analysis of mechanisms of cleavage microcrack nucleation in disc specimen surfaces allowed us to explain the brittle fracture test results. As fracture tests do not allow us to estimate BFR, it is proposed to estimate BFR by microhardness measurement results.
{"title":"On brittle fracture resistance determination of chromium stainless steel irradiated in ion accelerator","authors":"B. Margolin, V. Fomenko, F. L. Shishkov, E. V. Yurchenko","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-208-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-208-226","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of brittle fracture resistance (BFR) determination is investigated with mechanical testing for ion-irradiated chromium stainless steel. To consider the ion irradiation effect on material properties disc specimens in initial and irradiated states were tested by mechanical loading until brittle fracture. The micro- hardness of specimens before and after ion irradiation was also determined. It was found that the microhardness of ion-irradiated steel is higher than the microhardness of steel in initial state. However, critical loads for brittle fracture of disc specimens are practically equal for initial and ion-irradiated states. The performed calculations, SEM investigations and also analysis of mechanisms of cleavage microcrack nucleation in disc specimen surfaces allowed us to explain the brittle fracture test results. As fracture tests do not allow us to estimate BFR, it is proposed to estimate BFR by microhardness measurement results.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"6 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-227-244
D. Erak, V. Papina, D. Zhurko
The correctness of the model assumption about additivity of the contributions of hardening (formation of dislocation loops and radiation-induced precipitates) and non-hardening (formation and accumulation of grain boundary segregations) mechanisms to the final radiation embrittlement of VVER-1000 RPV weld materials has been verified. The paper presents the results of the experiment to obtain predicted values of the critical embrittlement temperature of weld metal with nickel content of 1.59–1.88% using accelerated irradiation in the IR-8 research reactor from states characterized by different starting level of grain boundary segregation. The procedure of accounting for the flux effect for the values of critical embrittlement temperature obtained using accelerated irradiation has been proposed. The conservativity of the weld metal radiation embrittlement dependence has been verified based on the modal assumption of additivity of the contributions of the strengthening and non-strengthening mechanisms up to the values of fast neutron fluence ~75–1022 neutrons/m2.
{"title":"Prediction of radiation embrittlement of VVER-1000 RPV welded seam material at lifetime extension up to 60 years and more","authors":"D. Erak, V. Papina, D. Zhurko","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-227-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-227-244","url":null,"abstract":"The correctness of the model assumption about additivity of the contributions of hardening (formation of dislocation loops and radiation-induced precipitates) and non-hardening (formation and accumulation of grain boundary segregations) mechanisms to the final radiation embrittlement of VVER-1000 RPV weld materials has been verified. The paper presents the results of the experiment to obtain predicted values of the critical embrittlement temperature of weld metal with nickel content of 1.59–1.88% using accelerated irradiation in the IR-8 research reactor from states characterized by different starting level of grain boundary segregation. The procedure of accounting for the flux effect for the values of critical embrittlement temperature obtained using accelerated irradiation has been proposed. The conservativity of the weld metal radiation embrittlement dependence has been verified based on the modal assumption of additivity of the contributions of the strengthening and non-strengthening mechanisms up to the values of fast neutron fluence ~75–1022 neutrons/m2.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-199-207
I. N. Ganiev, A. K. Odinaev, F. K. Khozhaev, Kh. M. Khozhanazarov, Khaydar O. Odinazoda
The article presents the results of study of the effect of additions of calcium, strontium and barium (0.01–1.0 wt %) as a structure modifier on the anodic behavior of lead babbits BKa, BSt, BBa (PbSb15Sn10) in NaCl electrolyte medium. The studies were carried out by the potentiostatic method in a potentiodynamic mode with a potential sweep rate of 2 mV/s.Studies show that with time the free corrosion potential of alloys shifts to the positive side, and with an increase in the concentration of the modifier (calcium, strontium and barium) in lead babbits, acquires a positive value. The addition of calcium to lead babbit BKa (PbSb15Sn10Ca) increases its corrosion resistance by 10 – 15%, strontium BST (PbSb15Sn10Sr) by 15–20%, and barium BBa (PbSb15Sn10Ba) by 20–25%. An increase in the corrosion rate of alloys was noted, regardless of t heir composition from the NaCl concentration in the solution. It has been shown that an increase in the chloride ion concentration in the NaCl electrolyte leads to a decrease in the potentials of free corrosion, repassivation, and pitting formation of alloys.
{"title":"Influence of alkaline earth metals on the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of lead babbit BKa, BSt, BBa (PbSb15Sn10) in NaCl electrolyte medium","authors":"I. N. Ganiev, A. K. Odinaev, F. K. Khozhaev, Kh. M. Khozhanazarov, Khaydar O. Odinazoda","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-199-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-199-207","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of study of the effect of additions of calcium, strontium and barium (0.01–1.0 wt %) as a structure modifier on the anodic behavior of lead babbits BKa, BSt, BBa (PbSb15Sn10) in NaCl electrolyte medium. The studies were carried out by the potentiostatic method in a potentiodynamic mode with a potential sweep rate of 2 mV/s.Studies show that with time the free corrosion potential of alloys shifts to the positive side, and with an increase in the concentration of the modifier (calcium, strontium and barium) in lead babbits, acquires a positive value. The addition of calcium to lead babbit BKa (PbSb15Sn10Ca) increases its corrosion resistance by 10 – 15%, strontium BST (PbSb15Sn10Sr) by 15–20%, and barium BBa (PbSb15Sn10Ba) by 20–25%. An increase in the corrosion rate of alloys was noted, regardless of t heir composition from the NaCl concentration in the solution. It has been shown that an increase in the chloride ion concentration in the NaCl electrolyte leads to a decrease in the potentials of free corrosion, repassivation, and pitting formation of alloys.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-179-186
V. B. Gribanova, P. V. Melnikov, O. I. Gribkov, N. A. Lukyanova
An analysis of the domestic market for flux-cored wire used for welding low-alloy high-strength shipbuilding steels has been carried out. It has been established that to ensure a guaranteed value of the yield strength of the weld metal from 420 to 620 MPa, alloying systems such as Mn–Si, Mn–Si–Ni and Mn–Si–Ni–Mo are taken as a basis. The influence of alloying elements used in these systems on the formation of the microstructure and properties of welds was experimentally established.
{"title":"Alloying systems for modern flux-cored wires for mechanized welding in shielding gases of high-strength shipbuilding steels","authors":"V. B. Gribanova, P. V. Melnikov, O. I. Gribkov, N. A. Lukyanova","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-179-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-179-186","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the domestic market for flux-cored wire used for welding low-alloy high-strength shipbuilding steels has been carried out. It has been established that to ensure a guaranteed value of the yield strength of the weld metal from 420 to 620 MPa, alloying systems such as Mn–Si, Mn–Si–Ni and Mn–Si–Ni–Mo are taken as a basis. The influence of alloying elements used in these systems on the formation of the microstructure and properties of welds was experimentally established.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-82-88
T. Bobkova, R. Y. Bystrov, A. Vasiliev, D. A. Gerashchenkov, B. Farmakovsky
The paper presents results of a comprehensive study on the development of technology for the production of composite nanostructured functional coatings based on the Kh20N80 – chromium – TiC system using the supersonic cold gas dynamic spraying method. Composite coating powders are obtained by chromium plating of a matrix powder made of alloy Kh20N80 followed by the application of a reinforcing coating of TiC nanoparticles. The resulting coating has a high level of microhardness, modulus of elasticity and resistance to wear. A distinctive feature of the resulting coating is its reliable operation without destruction for a long time (more than 4800 hours).
{"title":"Development of technology for obtaining nanostructured composite coating of Kh20N80–Cr–TiC","authors":"T. Bobkova, R. Y. Bystrov, A. Vasiliev, D. A. Gerashchenkov, B. Farmakovsky","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-82-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-82-88","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of a comprehensive study on the development of technology for the production of composite nanostructured functional coatings based on the Kh20N80 – chromium – TiC system using the supersonic cold gas dynamic spraying method. Composite coating powders are obtained by chromium plating of a matrix powder made of alloy Kh20N80 followed by the application of a reinforcing coating of TiC nanoparticles. The resulting coating has a high level of microhardness, modulus of elasticity and resistance to wear. A distinctive feature of the resulting coating is its reliable operation without destruction for a long time (more than 4800 hours).","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"212 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-119-132
O. Klimenko, M. I. Valueva
The article provides a review of scientific and technical literature, including Russian and foreign periodicals, patents for inventions in the field of creating products for the sports industry from polymer composite materials. The technologies and technical solutions used to achieve the assigned tasks, the advantages and disadvantages of using the methods are considered. It is shown that the use of modern achievements in materials science, a new generation of materials and advanced technologies can contribute to the achievement of high sports results.
{"title":"Polymer composite materials and technologies used in sports industry: a review","authors":"O. Klimenko, M. I. Valueva","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-119-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-119-132","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a review of scientific and technical literature, including Russian and foreign periodicals, patents for inventions in the field of creating products for the sports industry from polymer composite materials. The technologies and technical solutions used to achieve the assigned tasks, the advantages and disadvantages of using the methods are considered. It is shown that the use of modern achievements in materials science, a new generation of materials and advanced technologies can contribute to the achievement of high sports results.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-169-178
Y. Aldaiee, V. Karkhin, P. Khomich
The paper presents the analytical solution of one-dimensional problem on hydrogen diffusion in butt heterogeneous welded joints. Such parameters as welded joint thickness, weld thickness, diffusion coefficients, solubilities and initial concentrations of hydrogen in the weld metal and base metal have been taken into account. The effects of microstructure on hydrogen kinetics in homogeneous and heterogeneous welded joints are considered. It is shown that hydrogen concentration in the heat affected zone (HAZ) to a great extent depends on the ratios of the initial concentrations, hydrogen diffusion coefficients and solubilities in the weld metal to those in the base metal. The concentration of hydrogen in the HAZ decreases by three orders of magnitude when welding martensitic steel with austenitic electrodes as compared to homogeneous joints.
{"title":"Influence of physical properties of weld metal on hydrogen diffusion into the heat affected zone of heterogeneous welded joints","authors":"Y. Aldaiee, V. Karkhin, P. Khomich","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-169-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-169-178","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the analytical solution of one-dimensional problem on hydrogen diffusion in butt heterogeneous welded joints. Such parameters as welded joint thickness, weld thickness, diffusion coefficients, solubilities and initial concentrations of hydrogen in the weld metal and base metal have been taken into account. The effects of microstructure on hydrogen kinetics in homogeneous and heterogeneous welded joints are considered. It is shown that hydrogen concentration in the heat affected zone (HAZ) to a great extent depends on the ratios of the initial concentrations, hydrogen diffusion coefficients and solubilities in the weld metal to those in the base metal. The concentration of hydrogen in the HAZ decreases by three orders of magnitude when welding martensitic steel with austenitic electrodes as compared to homogeneous joints.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-144-168
D. S. Alexandrova, I. V. Zlobina, A. S. Egorov, A. V. Anisimov
The paper reviews studies of the influence of external influencing factors characteristic of the Arctic zone on the properties of polymer materials and polymer composites. In the cited works, the influence of factors such as low temperatures, thermal cycling, high humidity, and other aggressive environmental conditions on the strength properties of a number of thermosetting and thermoplastic matrices, as well as composites based on them, has been studied. A comparative analysis of resistance of various materials to unfavorable climatic factors typical for the Arctic climate has been carried out. This review can be used when choosing materials for work in the Arctic and subarctic zones, as well as in other regions where the described factors may affect the operation of products, machines and structures.
{"title":"Influence of unfavorable climatic factors characteristic of the arctic zone on the properties of polymeric materials and composites: a review","authors":"D. S. Alexandrova, I. V. Zlobina, A. S. Egorov, A. V. Anisimov","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-144-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-144-168","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews studies of the influence of external influencing factors characteristic of the Arctic zone on the properties of polymer materials and polymer composites. In the cited works, the influence of factors such as low temperatures, thermal cycling, high humidity, and other aggressive environmental conditions on the strength properties of a number of thermosetting and thermoplastic matrices, as well as composites based on them, has been studied. A comparative analysis of resistance of various materials to unfavorable climatic factors typical for the Arctic climate has been carried out. This review can be used when choosing materials for work in the Arctic and subarctic zones, as well as in other regions where the described factors may affect the operation of products, machines and structures.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-187-192
Kiav Min Soe, V. V. Murzin, G. V. German
At computer modeling of heat-exchange processes there arises a necessity of parametric forecasting of values of partial indicators of multifactor systems of underwater wet welding. Ensuring the reliability of such a prediction makes it possible to use the obtained models for engineering calculations in the design of technological welding processes. On the example of experimental data on the estimation of gas formation in the process of arc combustion the methodology – approved in shipbuilding production – is proposed. Mathematical dependences providing the minimum error of estimation at changing the values of influencing parameters, are obtained. The formation of gas bubbles significantly affects the heat-exchange processes in underwater welding, which determines the cooling rate of the welded joint and affects the formation of hardening structures.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling and prediction of values of partial indicators of heat-exchange processes at underwater wet welding","authors":"Kiav Min Soe, V. V. Murzin, G. V. German","doi":"10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-187-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2023-116-4-187-192","url":null,"abstract":"At computer modeling of heat-exchange processes there arises a necessity of parametric forecasting of values of partial indicators of multifactor systems of underwater wet welding. Ensuring the reliability of such a prediction makes it possible to use the obtained models for engineering calculations in the design of technological welding processes. On the example of experimental data on the estimation of gas formation in the process of arc combustion the methodology – approved in shipbuilding production – is proposed. Mathematical dependences providing the minimum error of estimation at changing the values of influencing parameters, are obtained. The formation of gas bubbles significantly affects the heat-exchange processes in underwater welding, which determines the cooling rate of the welded joint and affects the formation of hardening structures.","PeriodicalId":23679,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Materialovedeniya","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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