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Long-term high-temperature exposure effects on mechanical properties and structure of the 42XNM alloy after neutron irradiation in the VVER-1000. Part 1. Mechanical tests VVER-1000中子辐照后42XNM合金长期高温暴露对力学性能和组织的影响第1部分。机械测试
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-134-149
B. Gurovich, A. Frolov, E. Kuleshova, I. Fedotov
The paper presents the results of mechanical tests of ring specimens made of the 42XNM alloy after irradiation as part of the control and protection system of the VVER-1000 reactor to a damaging dose of ~12 dpa at a temperature of ~350°C and subsequent isothermal annealings in the temperature range of 400– 1150°C (heating and holding for ~2 h). A model was constructed and validated by the finite element method, it describes the mechanical characteristics of irradiated and non-irradiated samples from the 42XNM alloy during tests in the temperature range from 500 to 1000°C. The model was used to plot the temperature dependences of the maximum local plastic deformation and the yield strength of the material under study.
本文介绍了作为VVER-1000反应堆控制和保护系统的一部分,42XNM合金制成的环形试样在350℃的~12 dpa的损伤剂量下辐照,并在400 ~ 1150℃的等温退火(加热保温~2 h)后的力学试验结果,建立了模型,并用有限元法进行了验证。它描述了42XNM合金在500至1000℃温度范围内的辐照和未辐照样品的力学特性。该模型用于绘制研究材料的最大局部塑性变形和屈服强度的温度依赖性。
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引用次数: 0
Study of mechanical properties and brittle fracture resistance for weld metal of WWER RPV 焊接金属的力学性能及抗脆性断裂性能研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-174-188
E. Yurchenko, M. N. Timofeev, B. Margolin, S. N. Galyatkin
The results of the study of mechanical properties and brittle fracture resistance (BFR) are presented for weld metal of WWER RPV performed by automatic arc welding with use welding wire Sv-15CrNiMoTiA and ceramic flux 48AF-71. Mechanical properties are determined on the basis of test results of tensile smooth round bar. BFR are determined from impact strength tests and fracture toughness tests. The anisotropy of mechanical properties and BFR is investigated by testing the specimens with different orientations. Tests are conducted for specimens of two orientations: first orientation corresponds to the position of the specimen, in which the fracture surface is perpendicular to the axis of the weld; second orientation corresponds fracture surface parallel to the axis of t he weld. It i s shown that the weld metal performed according to above mentioned technology has no anisotropy both in mechanical properties and in BFR. An explanation of the significant scatter of BFR on the basis of the results of metallographic studies is proposed. The obtained experimental results on mechanical properties for investigated weld metal allow to use tensile smooth round bar with 3 mm diameter with transverse orientation instead of specimens with 6 mm diameter with longitudinal orientation as the scale factor and anisotropy are negligible. The correlation dependence between the values of reference temperature T0 determined by the Master Curve method and reference temperature T100 determined by the Advanced Unified Curve method and the value of critical brittleness temperature TK0 for the studied weld metal in the initial state is established.
介绍了用Sv-15CrNiMoTiA焊丝和48AF-71陶瓷助焊剂对WWER RPV焊缝金属进行自动电弧焊的力学性能和抗脆性断裂性能的研究结果。根据拉伸光滑圆棒的试验结果确定了其力学性能。BFR由冲击强度试验和断裂韧性试验确定。通过对不同取向试样的测试,研究了其力学性能和BFR的各向异性。对两种方向的试样进行试验:第一种方向对应试样的位置,其中断口面垂直于焊缝轴线;第二个方向对应于与焊缝轴线平行的断口。结果表明,采用上述工艺制备的焊缝金属在力学性能和BFR方面均不存在各向异性。根据金相研究结果,对BFR的显著散点现象进行了解释。所获得的焊缝金属力学性能试验结果允许使用直径为3mm的横向拉伸光滑圆棒代替直径为6mm的纵向拉伸试件,其比例因子和各向异性可以忽略不计。建立了主曲线法确定的参考温度T0和高级统一曲线法确定的参考温度T100与所研究焊缝金属初始状态的临界脆性温度TK0之间的相关关系。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of compressed hydrogen losses during its transportation through the pipelines from different materials 不同材料压缩氢在管道输送过程中的损失对比分析
Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-124-133
V. Bolobov, A. Petkova, G. G. Popov, V. Zlotin, I. U. Latipov, A. O. Sherstneva, I. Zhuikov
The authors estimate possible losses of transported compressed hydrogen (P = 10 MPa) due to diffusion through the pipe wall applying Sieverts law and Arrhenius equation and using tabular data on the coefficients of permeability and solubility. The calculation was carried out for pipelines made of various metallic and non-metallic materials at room and elevated temperatures. It is shown that the volume of the diffused gas at T = 298°K (25°С) is only fractions of a percent of the pumped hydrogen volume. At the same time, the biggest loss occurs in a pipeline made of polyethylene (~0.03%), and the most insignificant one in austenitic steels (~10-6%). For carbon and low-alloy steels, the main materials of gas pipelines, these losses are at the level of 10-4–10-5 %. When the temperature rises to 683°K (410°C), the losses in steel pipelines increase to 0.25%, in polymer pipelines to 20%.
作者利用Sieverts定律和Arrhenius方程,并利用渗透性系数和溶解度系数的表格数据,估计了由于通过管壁扩散而输送的压缩氢(P = 10 MPa)的可能损失。在室温和高温条件下,对各种金属和非金属材料制成的管道进行了计算。结果表明,在T = 298°K(25°С)时,扩散气体的体积仅为抽吸氢体积的百分之一。同时,聚乙烯管道损耗最大(~0.03%),奥氏体钢管道损耗最小(~10-6%)。对于输气管道的主要材料碳素钢和低合金钢,这些损失在10-4 - 10- 5%水平。当温度升高到683°K(410°C)时,钢管管道的损失增加到0.25%,聚合物管道的损失增加到20%。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation of fracture toughness with microstructural parameters and standard mechanical properties of high-strength medium-alloy steel 高强度中合金钢断裂韧性与显微组织参数及标准力学性能的关系
Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-103-123
A. Ilyin, A. Lavrentiev, G. D. Motovilina, E. V. Zabavicheva, S. Petrov
Fracture toughness of rolled plates of high-strength medium-alloy steel with a martensitic or martensitic- bainite microstructure can vary widely depending on the parameters of their microstructure, which depends on the specific chemical composition, rolling parameters, quenching and tempering. In previous works, the authors studied the metal of various experimental smelts. The studied materials were significantly different in the size of structural components separated by large-angle boundaries (hereditary austenitic grain, martensite packages, and bainite crystallites). The continuation of these studies is the analysis of the relationship between the fracture toughness of a metal of one smelt and the general quenching parameters and, as a consequence, with the same parameters of the microstructure formed during quenching, but with different tempering parameters. A general structural state parameter based on the obtained data, and correlated with fracture toughness is proposed.
具有马氏体或马氏体-贝氏体组织的高强度中合金钢轧制板的断裂韧性取决于其组织的参数,这取决于具体的化学成分、轧制参数、淬火和回火。在以前的工作中,作者研究了各种实验熔体的金属。所研究的材料在由大角度边界分隔的结构成分(遗传性奥氏体晶粒、马氏体包包和贝氏体晶)的尺寸上存在显著差异。这些研究的继续是分析一种熔体金属的断裂韧性与一般淬火参数之间的关系,因此,在淬火过程中形成的微观组织参数相同,但回火参数不同。基于所获得的数据,提出了与断裂韧性相关的通用结构状态参数。
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引用次数: 0
On the ability of polymers to self-lubrication in metal – polymer friction pairs 聚合物在金属-聚合物摩擦副中的自润滑能力
Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-94-102
E. Sedakova, Syanshun Li, V. E. Zharov, A. Breki, A. O. Pozdnyakov, A. Smirnov
Results of comparative research of wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyamide 6 (PA6) in friction pairs with 18Kh2N4МА, 08Kh18N10Т and 40Kh13 are presented. Self-lubricating ability of polymers was determined by the contact pressure value corresponding to the upper border of the diapason, in which the effect of stabilization of linear wear intensity values and by the length of this diapason along the axis of loads is shown. Carbon steel 45 was used as a base steel in the comparison. PEEK, UHMWPE and PA6 friction pairs show higher values of intensity of linear wear but decrease in ability to self-lubrication. However in friction pair PTFE – steel 18Kh2N4МА with the prevailing content of nickel (about 4%), expansion of a range of stabilization of linear wear intensity is observed. In friction pairs PTFE with steel 40Kh13, containing a considerable percentage of chrome (13%), in absence of nickel, and with steel 18Kh2N4МА containing a complex of nickel and chrome (10% and 18%, respectively), the least wear resistance and ability to self-lubrication of polymer are marked. Temperatures on polymer tribocontact corresponding to ranges of wear stabilization loadings in researched friction pairs are determined.
介绍了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)和聚酰胺6 (PA6)在18Kh2N4МА、08Kh18N10Т和40Kh13摩擦副中的耐磨性对比研究结果。聚合物的自润滑能力由接触压力值对应的上边界的间隙决定,其中线性磨损强度值的稳定效应和沿载荷轴向的间隙长度显示。在比较中采用45碳钢作为基体钢。PEEK、UHMWPE和PA6摩擦副表现出较高的线性磨损强度,但自润滑能力下降。而在含镍量为4%左右的PTFE -钢18Kh2N4МА摩擦副中,线性磨损强度稳定范围扩大。在不含镍的40Kh13钢和含有镍铬络合物(分别为10%和18%)的18Kh2N4МА钢的摩擦副中,聚合物的耐磨性和自润滑能力最低。确定了聚合物摩擦接触温度对应于所研究摩擦副的磨损稳定载荷范围。
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引用次数: 0
Study of structural arctic steel in a friction pair with ice 结构北极钢与冰摩擦副的研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-29-35
R. Y. Bystrov, D. A. Gerashchenkov, E. Y. Gerashchenkova, P. Kuznetsov
Tests of friction pairs steel–ice for two grades of structural steel with a yield strength of 540 and 760 MPa were carried out. The dependences of the friction coefficients on the applied load and changes in the ambient temperature are studied. It is shown that the coefficient of static friction of the samples is noticeably higher than the kinetic one, which indicates the adhesion of ice to steel.
对屈服强度分别为540和760 MPa的两种等级结构钢进行了钢-冰摩擦副试验。研究了摩擦系数与外加载荷和环境温度变化的关系。结果表明,试样的静摩擦系数明显高于动摩擦系数,表明冰对钢的粘附作用。
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引用次数: 0
Development of technology for obtaining nanostructured composite powders by high-speed mechanosynthesis 高速机械合成纳米复合粉体技术的发展
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-54-61
T. Bobkova, A. Vasiliev, M. E. Goshkoderya, V. Klimov, V. I. Kubantsev, V. Margolin, E. Samodelkin, B. Farmakovsky, I. Shakirov
The results of the development of technology for obtaining nanostructured composite powders in two ways – surface reinforcement and cladding are presented. The possibility of manufacturing functional coatings based on the obtained powders by the method of supersonic cold gas-dynamic spraying is shown. The characteristics of the resulting coatings (adhesive strength, microhardness, wear resistance, low porosity) were studied. The real prospect of using the created functional protective coatings for precision engineering is shown.
介绍了表面增强和包覆两种方法制备纳米复合材料粉末的技术进展情况。指出了采用超声速冷气动力喷涂方法制备功能涂层的可能性。研究了涂层的附着力、显微硬度、耐磨性、低孔隙率等性能。展望了所研制的功能性防护涂层在精密工程中的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Study of high temperature aging of cast nickel alloy structure and properties 高温时效铸造镍合金组织与性能的研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-45-53
O. Berdnik, I. Tsareva
The paper presents the results of a study of changes in the structure and strength properties of a heat-resistant nickel alloy after various periods of operation in a gas turbine engine. It is shown that after 25,000 hours of operation, irreversible changes occur in the microstructure of the alloy, which adversely affect the performance of the parts. Ensuring the stability of the structural state and mechanical properties are very important in assessing the reliability and extending the service life. The results of a study of the effect of heat treatment parameters on the structural characteristics of the CrNi65CoMoWAlTi alloy are presented, and an assessment is made of the effect of structural parameters on mechanical properties. Timely application of recovery technologies can extend the service life of products.
本文介绍了一种耐热镍合金在燃气涡轮发动机中不同运行周期后结构和强度性能变化的研究结果。结果表明,在25000小时的运行后,合金组织发生了不可逆的变化,对零件的性能产生了不利影响。保证结构状态和力学性能的稳定是评估可靠性和延长使用寿命的重要手段。介绍了热处理参数对CrNi65CoMoWAlTi合金组织特性影响的研究结果,并评价了组织参数对力学性能的影响。及时应用回收技术可以延长产品的使用寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the resistance of nitrile butadiene rubber to thermal cycling in a hydrocarbon medium 丁腈橡胶在碳氢化合物介质中耐热循环性能的研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-72-82
N. V. Shadrinov, A. Fedorova, M. Davydova, A. Fedorov
The change in the properties of rubbers 98-1 and RP-10 based on nitrile butadiene rubbers with 17– 20% of acrylonitrile content under thermal cycling conditions in the range from –50 to +80°С is evaluated. The samples are exposed in the air and working hydrocarbon medium of hydraulic oil I-20A in stress-free and deformed states. It has been established that 98-1 rubber is more resistant in air and RP-10 rubber containing a sulfur-peroxide vulcanizing system and UHMWPE demonstrates high durability in a hydrocarbon medium in comparison with first one. The paper shows insignificant deformation on the rubbers properties and deterioration of the frost resistance of rubbers up to its complete loss during thermal cycling in the medium of I-20A hydraulic oil.
研究了丙烯腈含量为17 ~ 20%的丁腈橡胶在- 50 ~ +80°С热循环条件下98-1和RP-10的性能变化。样品在无应力和变形状态下暴露于空气和液压油I-20A工作烃介质中。98-1橡胶在空气中具有更强的耐腐蚀性,而含有硫-过氧化物硫化体系的RP-10橡胶和超高分子量聚乙烯在碳氢化合物介质中具有更高的耐久性。结果表明,在I-20A液压油介质中,热循环对橡胶的性能影响不大,橡胶的抗冻性能下降直至完全丧失。
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引用次数: 0
Calculation and investigation of the phase composition of a composite intermetallic layer synthesized on the surface of VT6 titanium alloy from Cu–SiC and Al–SiC powders Cu-SiC和Al-SiC粉末在VT6钛合金表面合成复合金属间层的相组成计算与研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.22349/1994-6716-2023-113-1-62-71
D. A. Gerashchenkov, Yu. P. Udalov
The physical and chemical foundations of the technology of cold gas-dynamic spraying of coatings on titanium for two types of charge are considered, in one of which chemically inactive copper is used as a ductile metal in combination with abrasive silicon carbide powder, in the other – chemically active aluminum in combined with silicon carbide. A thermodynamic modeling technique has been developed to select the composition of the coating charge and predict the change in its phase composition at high temperature.
本文讨论了两种装料的冷气动力学喷涂技术的物理和化学基础,其中一种是化学活性不强的铜作为延展性金属与磨料碳化硅粉末结合使用,另一种是化学活性的铝与碳化硅结合使用。建立了一种热力学建模技术,用于选择涂层料料的组成,并预测其相组成在高温下的变化。
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引用次数: 0
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Voprosy Materialovedeniya
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