Abstract Voltage unbalance is common issue encountered in low voltage distribution networks, caused by uneven allocation of single-phase customers among phases. This paper analyses part of real low voltage distribution network in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The impact of single-phase customers and single-phase connected micro photovoltaic power plants (MPPP-s) were analysed. To reduce unbalance and improve voltage profiles, Phase Balance Optimization toolbox in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software was performed in six scenarios with different distribution of customers and different percentage of penetration of MPPS-s. The aim was to find method with least number of changes in customer and photovoltaic phase connection that fits within defined limits of voltage variations and voltage unbalance of European standard for power quality (EN 50160). Conclusion is that MPPP-s cause voltage increases in the network, as well as an increase in voltage unbalance, but these effects can be mitigated by proper distribution of customer loads and MPPS-s among phases.
{"title":"Analysis of Voltage Profiles, Unbalance Voltages and Phase Balance Optimization of Single-Phase Customer and Photovoltaic Connection at Real Low Voltage Feeder","authors":"Mario Ostojić, A. Bosovic","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Voltage unbalance is common issue encountered in low voltage distribution networks, caused by uneven allocation of single-phase customers among phases. This paper analyses part of real low voltage distribution network in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The impact of single-phase customers and single-phase connected micro photovoltaic power plants (MPPP-s) were analysed. To reduce unbalance and improve voltage profiles, Phase Balance Optimization toolbox in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software was performed in six scenarios with different distribution of customers and different percentage of penetration of MPPS-s. The aim was to find method with least number of changes in customer and photovoltaic phase connection that fits within defined limits of voltage variations and voltage unbalance of European standard for power quality (EN 50160). Conclusion is that MPPP-s cause voltage increases in the network, as well as an increase in voltage unbalance, but these effects can be mitigated by proper distribution of customer loads and MPPS-s among phases.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"36 4","pages":"61 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the dynamic field of power systems, integrating distributed generation (DG) sources like solar photovoltaic (PV) plants is crucial for enhancing reliability and fostering sustainability. However, this integration poses voltage profile management challenges in electrical grids. This study investigates voltage profile optimization in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Gračanica network, focusing on a medium voltage feeder with 68 buses. Using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, six scenarios with different configurations of solar plants are analyzed for their impact on voltage profiles and power losses. Results show that while DG integration offers benefits, incorrect sizing or placement can increase power losses. Optimal DG benefits are linked to specific sizes and locations. This research emphasizes the need for balancing PV generation with load demands and provides insights for optimal PV plant size and output to minimize negative impacts. These findings aid energy planners and policymakers in implementing distributed solar PV in medium voltage networks.
{"title":"Profile Optimisation in Real Distribution Networks (Case Study Long MV Feeder)","authors":"Aida Pipić, A. Bosovic, M. Music","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the dynamic field of power systems, integrating distributed generation (DG) sources like solar photovoltaic (PV) plants is crucial for enhancing reliability and fostering sustainability. However, this integration poses voltage profile management challenges in electrical grids. This study investigates voltage profile optimization in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Gračanica network, focusing on a medium voltage feeder with 68 buses. Using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, six scenarios with different configurations of solar plants are analyzed for their impact on voltage profiles and power losses. Results show that while DG integration offers benefits, incorrect sizing or placement can increase power losses. Optimal DG benefits are linked to specific sizes and locations. This research emphasizes the need for balancing PV generation with load demands and provides insights for optimal PV plant size and output to minimize negative impacts. These findings aid energy planners and policymakers in implementing distributed solar PV in medium voltage networks.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":" 62","pages":"10 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study presents a new distribution tariff methodology in Slovenia that will enter into force on 1 July 2024. Its main novelty is the introduction of five-time slots with substantially different charges, the introduction of an agreed capacity (apart from nominated) that can be changed upon request several times a year, and an increased weight of capacity (power) in the distribution tariff making it more cost reflective. It is expected that changes will substantially increase the capacities of the grid and help to adapt it to the challenges of the energy transition. The approach can be replicated only in countries where connected capacity charge represents a substantial portion of the distribution tariff.
{"title":"Increasing the Capacity of the Distribution Network by Changing Consumers’ Habits - Case Study","authors":"Janez Kopač","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study presents a new distribution tariff methodology in Slovenia that will enter into force on 1 July 2024. Its main novelty is the introduction of five-time slots with substantially different charges, the introduction of an agreed capacity (apart from nominated) that can be changed upon request several times a year, and an increased weight of capacity (power) in the distribution tariff making it more cost reflective. It is expected that changes will substantially increase the capacities of the grid and help to adapt it to the challenges of the energy transition. The approach can be replicated only in countries where connected capacity charge represents a substantial portion of the distribution tariff.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":" 93","pages":"21 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emina Melic, Merisa Hanjalić, M. Saric, J. Hivziefendic
Abstract This paper presents a method for distributed generation (DG) allocation in medium voltage (MV) distribution system based on energy loss minimization. The main objective of the research is to design, implement and test a DG allocation (siting and sizing) method and to investigate how optimal DG allocation influence the operational parameters of the system from the Distribution System Operator (DSO) perspective. The problem is formulated as a single objective optimization problem solved by using both genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques. Model of a realistic Electric Power Distribution System (EPDS) and IEEE 37-bus EPDS are used as test systems. The results confirm that proposed algorithms can be used for practical DG allocation. The research presented contributes to the field as it provides a DG allocation method for energy loss reduction performed on a EPDS which can be applied in realistic planning and regulatory situations using open-source software.
{"title":"Distributed Generation Allocation in Distribution Network for Energy Losses Reduction","authors":"Emina Melic, Merisa Hanjalić, M. Saric, J. Hivziefendic","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a method for distributed generation (DG) allocation in medium voltage (MV) distribution system based on energy loss minimization. The main objective of the research is to design, implement and test a DG allocation (siting and sizing) method and to investigate how optimal DG allocation influence the operational parameters of the system from the Distribution System Operator (DSO) perspective. The problem is formulated as a single objective optimization problem solved by using both genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques. Model of a realistic Electric Power Distribution System (EPDS) and IEEE 37-bus EPDS are used as test systems. The results confirm that proposed algorithms can be used for practical DG allocation. The research presented contributes to the field as it provides a DG allocation method for energy loss reduction performed on a EPDS which can be applied in realistic planning and regulatory situations using open-source software.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"90 1","pages":"75 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, the types of wind turbines are listed and described, with the emphasis on horizontal-axis wind turbines. The parts are explained in more detail, the criteria for the selection of the wind turbine generator and the methods of managing the wind turbine are defined. In the Matlab/Simulink programming environment, a model of an electric power network with a wind farm was created, and the characteristics of the operation of wind turbines under normal and fault conditions were presented.
{"title":"Example of Matlab/Simulink Tool Usage for Evaluation of Wind Turbine Operation During Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Regulation","authors":"Vinko Kalfić, Goran Kujundžić","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the types of wind turbines are listed and described, with the emphasis on horizontal-axis wind turbines. The parts are explained in more detail, the criteria for the selection of the wind turbine generator and the methods of managing the wind turbine are defined. In the Matlab/Simulink programming environment, a model of an electric power network with a wind farm was created, and the characteristics of the operation of wind turbines under normal and fault conditions were presented.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":" 46","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138620794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper actualizes earlier research in developing a pulse combustion technique for enhancing the efficacy of utility and industrial boilers and furnaces. Some unpublished results of the experimental investigation of self-sustained pulsating combustion of a gas fuel in an aerovalved pulse combustor (PC) are presented. Relationships have been established between all important design and operating parameters and the combustion characteristics. It was demonstrated that a well-designed pulse combustor can operate efficiently in a stable self-pumping regime in a wide range of operating conditions with the loading from 20% to 100% of the maximum power. While a PC can operate autonomously as a gas burner, the present focus is on their use for mitigating slug and ash deposits on heating surfaces of coal- or biomass fired power and industrial boilers, thus providing an alternative to the proven detonation pulse (DPC) or other techniques for on-line cleaning of heating surfaces during the operation of power and industrial boilers.
{"title":"Aerovalved Pulse Combustor for Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability of Fossil Energy Conversion","authors":"I. Smajević, Kemal Hanjalić","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper actualizes earlier research in developing a pulse combustion technique for enhancing the efficacy of utility and industrial boilers and furnaces. Some unpublished results of the experimental investigation of self-sustained pulsating combustion of a gas fuel in an aerovalved pulse combustor (PC) are presented. Relationships have been established between all important design and operating parameters and the combustion characteristics. It was demonstrated that a well-designed pulse combustor can operate efficiently in a stable self-pumping regime in a wide range of operating conditions with the loading from 20% to 100% of the maximum power. While a PC can operate autonomously as a gas burner, the present focus is on their use for mitigating slug and ash deposits on heating surfaces of coal- or biomass fired power and industrial boilers, thus providing an alternative to the proven detonation pulse (DPC) or other techniques for on-line cleaning of heating surfaces during the operation of power and industrial boilers.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"7 12","pages":"53 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Within this paper, the possibility of using advanced LoRa technology in the field of long-range remote control was considered. For testing purposes, a one-way point-to-point LoRa remote control link was implemented based on the LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 transceiver and the corresponding 32-bit Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The remote control application software is developed in the Arduino development environment. The implemented link was tested experimentally to check the range, data transfer speed and link stability. Test results show that LoRa transceiver modules can be used in the field of long-range remote control.
{"title":"Long-Range Remote Control Based on LoRa Transceivers","authors":"Enes Saletovic, Nevzudin Buzađija, Đulaga Hadžić","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within this paper, the possibility of using advanced LoRa technology in the field of long-range remote control was considered. For testing purposes, a one-way point-to-point LoRa remote control link was implemented based on the LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 transceiver and the corresponding 32-bit Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The remote control application software is developed in the Arduino development environment. The implemented link was tested experimentally to check the range, data transfer speed and link stability. Test results show that LoRa transceiver modules can be used in the field of long-range remote control.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":" 4","pages":"42 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Electromobility is strongly encouraged in the European Union. Elektroprivreda of Bosnia and Herzegovina (EP BiH) is the only company in BiH that uses Charge Point Management Software. To ensure a functional process of calculation and billing of charging consumption, it is necessary to implement appropriate software solutions. This paper provides a comparative analysis of possible models of ad-hoc charging at electric vehicle charging stations. As a result of a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each of the observed variants, a more detailed description of one selected model was given, which, due to its characteristics, as well as readiness for quick implementation in existing environment of EP BiH, proved to be the most adequate solution for business requirements of the company. The paper describes the economic effects of the introduction of the selected billing model, as well as the tariff model for charging.
摘要 欧洲联盟大力鼓励电动交通。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那电力公司（Elektroprivreda of Bosnia and Herzegovina，EP BiH）是波黑唯一一家使用充电桩管理软件的公司。为确保充电消耗计算和计费过程的功能性，有必要实施适当的软件解决方案。本文对电动汽车充电站可能的临时充电模式进行了比较分析。在对所观察到的每种变体的优缺点进行比较分析后，对选定的一种模式进行了更详细的描述，该模式因其特点以及可在波黑环保局现有环境中快速实施的准备情况，被证明是最符合公司业务要求的解决方案。本文介绍了采用选定计费模式的经济效果以及收费模式。
{"title":"Implementation of Billing System at Electrical Vehicle Charging Stations in Elektroprivreda BiH","authors":"Selma Kovačević, Svetlana Mišut, Andreja Softić","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Electromobility is strongly encouraged in the European Union. Elektroprivreda of Bosnia and Herzegovina (EP BiH) is the only company in BiH that uses Charge Point Management Software. To ensure a functional process of calculation and billing of charging consumption, it is necessary to implement appropriate software solutions. This paper provides a comparative analysis of possible models of ad-hoc charging at electric vehicle charging stations. As a result of a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each of the observed variants, a more detailed description of one selected model was given, which, due to its characteristics, as well as readiness for quick implementation in existing environment of EP BiH, proved to be the most adequate solution for business requirements of the company. The paper describes the economic effects of the introduction of the selected billing model, as well as the tariff model for charging.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"83 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emina Bićo, Jasmina Bešić, Ali Damadžić, Nihad Harbaš
Abstract In this paper an overview of the current state of electromobility in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and a prediction of the future state of electromobility in BiH according to models from the European Union (EU) and the state expected in the future is given. Based on the reference state, an analysis of energy consumption and energy savings due to the increase in the number of EVs in the future was performed. The main goal of this paper is to provide predictable data on the number of EVs expected in the future, according to models from the EU. These data can be used when planning the development of the network for electric cars, mainly charging stations. An analysis of the current state of the number and locations of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) was made.
{"title":"Electromobility in BiH","authors":"Emina Bićo, Jasmina Bešić, Ali Damadžić, Nihad Harbaš","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper an overview of the current state of electromobility in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and a prediction of the future state of electromobility in BiH according to models from the European Union (EU) and the state expected in the future is given. Based on the reference state, an analysis of energy consumption and energy savings due to the increase in the number of EVs in the future was performed. The main goal of this paper is to provide predictable data on the number of EVs expected in the future, according to models from the EU. These data can be used when planning the development of the network for electric cars, mainly charging stations. An analysis of the current state of the number and locations of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) was made.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"93 5","pages":"33 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Hrustemović, Nedim Laković, Nermana Tanović, Emir Alihodzić
Abstract The global trend of digital transformation is not reserved for those sectors and businesses that are highly dependent on information technology (IT) solutions, but even for those traditional energy companies that still need to pass the long way to maximize green energy, automation and full trajectory of modernizing energy distribution. In energy distribution system Public Enterprise Electric Utility of Bosnia and Herzegovina (PE EP B&H), only around sixteen percent of meters are part of Advanced Metering Management (AMM) system and their data is ready to be used for different data analysis using business intelligence, while data collection from other meters is still done manually, and those one will probably not be replaced as long as they are operable. Main problem that PE EP B&H experienced in digitalization of meter reading data was to overcome readings that meter readers collected and wrote on paper lists.
数字化转型的全球趋势不仅局限于那些高度依赖信息技术(IT)解决方案的行业和业务，也适用于那些实现能源绿色最大化、自动化和现代化能源分配全轨迹的传统能源企业。在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那(PE EP B&H)的能源分配系统中，只有大约16%的电表是高级计量管理(AMM)系统的一部分，它们的数据已经准备好用于使用商业智能进行不同的数据分析，而其他电表的数据收集仍然是手动完成的，只要它们是可操作的，这些电表可能不会被替换。PE EP B&H在抄表数据数字化中遇到的主要问题是克服了抄表员收集并写在纸上的读数。
{"title":"Digital Transformation Path of Manually Collected Meter Reading Data","authors":"Andrea Hrustemović, Nedim Laković, Nermana Tanović, Emir Alihodzić","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The global trend of digital transformation is not reserved for those sectors and businesses that are highly dependent on information technology (IT) solutions, but even for those traditional energy companies that still need to pass the long way to maximize green energy, automation and full trajectory of modernizing energy distribution. In energy distribution system Public Enterprise Electric Utility of Bosnia and Herzegovina (PE EP B&H), only around sixteen percent of meters are part of Advanced Metering Management (AMM) system and their data is ready to be used for different data analysis using business intelligence, while data collection from other meters is still done manually, and those one will probably not be replaced as long as they are operable. Main problem that PE EP B&H experienced in digitalization of meter reading data was to overcome readings that meter readers collected and wrote on paper lists.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":" 11","pages":"26 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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