Abstract The electricity supplier, having direct contact with end consumers, has significant potential for contributing to the achievement of country’s strategic goals related to increasing the share of electricity production from renewable energy sources and promoting efficient use of electricity. This paper presents the concept of conducted analyses of energy efficiency at the customers of JP Elektroprivreda BH d.d. Sarajevo for the purpose of identifying consumers where it would be useful to apply some of the energy efficiency measures and/or peak load management, all for reducing electricity costs. The results of the analysis are presented in the paper. Special attention is given to the techno-economic analysis of the application of measures used to improve the energy efficiency. The results of the analyses show that the shortest payback period is achievable by adequate waste heat recovery in compressors and refrigeration systems, reactive power compensation, control of motor drives of pumps and fans, and the replacement of motors with a higher efficiency class.
{"title":"Analysis of Potential of More Efficient Electricity Cost Management Control by Applying Measures to Improve Energy Efficiency","authors":"Haris Čaušević, A. Mehinovic, D. Borovina","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2021-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The electricity supplier, having direct contact with end consumers, has significant potential for contributing to the achievement of country’s strategic goals related to increasing the share of electricity production from renewable energy sources and promoting efficient use of electricity. This paper presents the concept of conducted analyses of energy efficiency at the customers of JP Elektroprivreda BH d.d. Sarajevo for the purpose of identifying consumers where it would be useful to apply some of the energy efficiency measures and/or peak load management, all for reducing electricity costs. The results of the analysis are presented in the paper. Special attention is given to the techno-economic analysis of the application of measures used to improve the energy efficiency. The results of the analyses show that the shortest payback period is achievable by adequate waste heat recovery in compressors and refrigeration systems, reactive power compensation, control of motor drives of pumps and fans, and the replacement of motors with a higher efficiency class.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124913063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract High-resistance fault occurs when the phase comes into contact with ground or grounded parts over objects or surfaces with high resistance values. This results in small values of currents and voltages that may be insufficient for adequate operation of existing protections. As a result, the malfunction continues and can cause electric shocks, further damage to the equipment, and can be a cause of fire. Various approaches to solving this problem can be found in the literature, such as, for example, monitoring the harmonic content of currents and voltages, the application of artificial intelligence and neural networks and the application of wavelet transformation. This paper presents the results of detection and localization of high impedance fault in the distribution 10 kV network based on the application of modal and wavelet transformation of currents at the beginning of the distribution feeder.
{"title":"Application of Modal and Wavelet Transformation in Detection and Localization of High Impedance Faults","authors":"Šeila Gruhonjić Ferhatbegović, Z. Bajramovic","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-resistance fault occurs when the phase comes into contact with ground or grounded parts over objects or surfaces with high resistance values. This results in small values of currents and voltages that may be insufficient for adequate operation of existing protections. As a result, the malfunction continues and can cause electric shocks, further damage to the equipment, and can be a cause of fire. Various approaches to solving this problem can be found in the literature, such as, for example, monitoring the harmonic content of currents and voltages, the application of artificial intelligence and neural networks and the application of wavelet transformation. This paper presents the results of detection and localization of high impedance fault in the distribution 10 kV network based on the application of modal and wavelet transformation of currents at the beginning of the distribution feeder.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125360108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper will present experiences in the reconstruction of the transformer station, which supplies the industrial factory. The previous version of the medium voltage (MV) substation with oil-filled transformers, and the new MV substation with dry and more energy efficient transformers, will be presented. An analysis of the operation and maintenance methods of oil transformers will be given. As oil transformers have many disadvantages, the reason, choice and cost-effectiveness of replacement with new dry transformers will be presented. Tests and measurements of insulation resistance of the winding and transformer protection during commissioning will also be presented. PT100 probes, which are connected to the thermostat, are installed in each low voltage winding of the dry transformer. Testing of this thermal protection of the transformer will be presented as well. Since transformers supply industrial consumers, mostly nonlinear ones, it is important to analyse the losses and life span of transformers. Nonlinear consumers lead to early aging of winding insulation, premature failures and reduction of transformer life. The newly designed and installed MV substation with Ring-main unit is ABB type SafePlus, and its installation and operating instructions will also be presented. The MV is equipped with a protection terminal, so settings and measurements of this terminal in transformer cells will be done. After the commissioning of the transformer station, the most important are diagnostics and periodic tests. Methods of periodic testing of MV substations will be presented in this paper.
{"title":"Experiences and Analyses of Reconstruction and Commissioning of Medium Voltage Substation","authors":"Azelma Demirović, Amir Kurtić","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper will present experiences in the reconstruction of the transformer station, which supplies the industrial factory. The previous version of the medium voltage (MV) substation with oil-filled transformers, and the new MV substation with dry and more energy efficient transformers, will be presented. An analysis of the operation and maintenance methods of oil transformers will be given. As oil transformers have many disadvantages, the reason, choice and cost-effectiveness of replacement with new dry transformers will be presented. Tests and measurements of insulation resistance of the winding and transformer protection during commissioning will also be presented. PT100 probes, which are connected to the thermostat, are installed in each low voltage winding of the dry transformer. Testing of this thermal protection of the transformer will be presented as well. Since transformers supply industrial consumers, mostly nonlinear ones, it is important to analyse the losses and life span of transformers. Nonlinear consumers lead to early aging of winding insulation, premature failures and reduction of transformer life. The newly designed and installed MV substation with Ring-main unit is ABB type SafePlus, and its installation and operating instructions will also be presented. The MV is equipped with a protection terminal, so settings and measurements of this terminal in transformer cells will be done. After the commissioning of the transformer station, the most important are diagnostics and periodic tests. Methods of periodic testing of MV substations will be presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"85 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120885910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Increasing the number of generation units connected to the grid via power electronic devices potentially implies negative impacts on the power system frequency stability and, depending on the power system inertia value, implies the necessary contribution of wind power plants to inertial response of the system. An alternative approach to the active power control of wind power plants, without the impact of local frequency deviation on the output power, is the application of a control strategies based on the center of inertia frequency. Since control schemes based on the input variable of the center of inertia frequency require a satisfactory level of signal transmission capacity in real time and the advanced telecommunication infrastructure of the power system, the paper considers an alternative approach to estimate the input signal value. According to the developed long short-term memory recurrent neural network, paper presents the idea of center of inertia frequency estimation by monitoring the speed of several generators in the system and passing the sequence of input data for a certain time interval, after the occurrence of imbalance, to the artificial intelligence module.
{"title":"Center of Inertia Frequency Estimation Using Deep Learning Algorithm","authors":"E. Nukić, T. Konjic","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasing the number of generation units connected to the grid via power electronic devices potentially implies negative impacts on the power system frequency stability and, depending on the power system inertia value, implies the necessary contribution of wind power plants to inertial response of the system. An alternative approach to the active power control of wind power plants, without the impact of local frequency deviation on the output power, is the application of a control strategies based on the center of inertia frequency. Since control schemes based on the input variable of the center of inertia frequency require a satisfactory level of signal transmission capacity in real time and the advanced telecommunication infrastructure of the power system, the paper considers an alternative approach to estimate the input signal value. According to the developed long short-term memory recurrent neural network, paper presents the idea of center of inertia frequency estimation by monitoring the speed of several generators in the system and passing the sequence of input data for a certain time interval, after the occurrence of imbalance, to the artificial intelligence module.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129835940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90055-7_8
A. Aščerić, M. Pantoš, M. Čepin
{"title":"Correlation of Day Ahead Electric Energy Market Price with Renewable Energy Sources Generation and Load Forecast","authors":"A. Aščerić, M. Pantoš, M. Čepin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-90055-7_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90055-7_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123149376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.3929/ETHZ-B-000508915
Christian M. Franck, Joseph Engelbrecht, M. Muratovic, Paweł Pietrzak, P. Simka, Current Zero Club
Abstract In recent years, significant achievements have been made with respect to the development of SF6-free gas insulated substations (GIS). In parallel, the interest in installing SF6-free GIS by utilities increased steadily and tenders for new substations or upgrades, which regularly also include alternative technologies. The excellent performance of SF6 was unequivocally accepted by all vendors and users so that the community became used to single technology solutions. This is no longer the case with alternative gas mixtures, and multiple technological solutions are available. However, from the present body of literature it is not possible to make a full and comparative evaluation of different alternative gas switchgear, i.e. circuit-breakers and disconnectors. Thus, the High-Voltage Laboratory of ETH Zürich started investigations and measurements of basic experiments that allow an unbiased comparison of properties of alternative gas mixtures relevant for switching. The two main purposes of these investigations are to define a set of measurements that allow an estimation and comparison of switching performance with different gas mixtures, independent of a specific interruption nozzle geometry, drive system, electrostatic design, and other design specific features, and to perform (some of) these measurements comparing pure SF6, with air, pure CO2, CO2/O2 mixture, and further specific gas mixtures that are currently proposed by manufacturers for SF6 replacement. The basic analysis behind the definition of measurements will be given in detail and the design principles of the chosen test devices and the derived test currents and diagnostics will be introduced. Test results themselves will not be given, rather they will be the subject of separate future publications.
{"title":"Comparative Test Program Framework for Non-Sf6 Switching Gases","authors":"Christian M. Franck, Joseph Engelbrecht, M. Muratovic, Paweł Pietrzak, P. Simka, Current Zero Club","doi":"10.3929/ETHZ-B-000508915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000508915","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, significant achievements have been made with respect to the development of SF6-free gas insulated substations (GIS). In parallel, the interest in installing SF6-free GIS by utilities increased steadily and tenders for new substations or upgrades, which regularly also include alternative technologies. The excellent performance of SF6 was unequivocally accepted by all vendors and users so that the community became used to single technology solutions. This is no longer the case with alternative gas mixtures, and multiple technological solutions are available. However, from the present body of literature it is not possible to make a full and comparative evaluation of different alternative gas switchgear, i.e. circuit-breakers and disconnectors. Thus, the High-Voltage Laboratory of ETH Zürich started investigations and measurements of basic experiments that allow an unbiased comparison of properties of alternative gas mixtures relevant for switching. The two main purposes of these investigations are to define a set of measurements that allow an estimation and comparison of switching performance with different gas mixtures, independent of a specific interruption nozzle geometry, drive system, electrostatic design, and other design specific features, and to perform (some of) these measurements comparing pure SF6, with air, pure CO2, CO2/O2 mixture, and further specific gas mixtures that are currently proposed by manufacturers for SF6 replacement. The basic analysis behind the definition of measurements will be given in detail and the design principles of the chosen test devices and the derived test currents and diagnostics will be introduced. Test results themselves will not be given, rather they will be the subject of separate future publications.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128859726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Modelling of internal arc faults in GIS is a complex and challenging task due to a large number of mutually dependent and highly variable factors, which influence the whole process. This is especially the case in GIS circuit-breakers with high rated short circuit currents, where the risk of internal arcing is much higher due to the presence of the switching arc and contamination of SF6 gas caused by the arc and by the products of material evaporation. Severe conditions resulting from internal arcing ultimately determine its design limits and must therefore be carefully investigated. This paper focuses on one of the main effects of internal arcing, the enclosure burn-through, and presents a novel analytical approach to the estimation of the enclosure burn-through time, as a result of the combined thermal impact of the arc root, arc motion and mechanical stress due to pressure rise, establishing a relation between the thermodynamic and transport gas characteristics in the arcing chamber, and the time to enclosure burn-through. In order to achieve this, this model was implemented within an enhanced internal arc simulation model, derived from the work of the CIGRÉ working group A3.24. Validation of calculation results of the implemented model was conducted using internal arc withstand tests and available measurements of time to enclosure burn-through.
{"title":"Investigation Of Enclosure Burn-Through In Hv Gis Circuit-Breakers Due To Internal Arcing","authors":"Dejan Beslija, Dalibor Gorenc, Karlo Bingula","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Modelling of internal arc faults in GIS is a complex and challenging task due to a large number of mutually dependent and highly variable factors, which influence the whole process. This is especially the case in GIS circuit-breakers with high rated short circuit currents, where the risk of internal arcing is much higher due to the presence of the switching arc and contamination of SF6 gas caused by the arc and by the products of material evaporation. Severe conditions resulting from internal arcing ultimately determine its design limits and must therefore be carefully investigated. This paper focuses on one of the main effects of internal arcing, the enclosure burn-through, and presents a novel analytical approach to the estimation of the enclosure burn-through time, as a result of the combined thermal impact of the arc root, arc motion and mechanical stress due to pressure rise, establishing a relation between the thermodynamic and transport gas characteristics in the arcing chamber, and the time to enclosure burn-through. In order to achieve this, this model was implemented within an enhanced internal arc simulation model, derived from the work of the CIGRÉ working group A3.24. Validation of calculation results of the implemented model was conducted using internal arc withstand tests and available measurements of time to enclosure burn-through.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116520296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Delić, Amer Smajkic, E. Dullni, S. Santamaria, N. Uzelac, M. Kapetanović
Abstract The breaking capacity of a medium voltage (MV) rotary SF6 load break switch (LBS) can be improved by incorporating permanent magnets into the stationary contacts. The magnetic field is intended to blow the switching arc root towards a recessed space at the stationary contacts thereby preventing reignition of the arc after current zero. Making and breaking tests of load current 630 A were performed comparing the switching performance of load break switches equipped without a permanent magnet, with a ferrite and with a neodymium magnet. The impact of different polarity arrangements of the magnets in the three phases is also considered and analysed. In order to understand the arc behaviour caused by the effect of permanent magnet, arcing times and arc voltage were measured and evaluated. The results show that the arc voltage depends on the direction of the electromagnetic force, which is determined by the phase current direction but also by the polarity of the magnets. When the force is directed towards the recessed space at the stationary contacts, the arc voltage is notably higher than in the case where the arc is blown in the opposite direction. The higher arc voltage is a reliable indication that the length of the arc is increased, which significantly reduces the risk of both thermal and dielectric breakdowns after the first current zero. The consequences are noticed first in the reduction of the number of missed current zeroes and second in shorter minimum arcing times. An adverse arrangement of the magnet polarity in the three phases increases the number of missed current zeroes.
{"title":"Analysis and Tests of the Impact of Permanent Magnets on Current Interruption in a Medium Voltage Rotary Load Break Switch","authors":"S. Delić, Amer Smajkic, E. Dullni, S. Santamaria, N. Uzelac, M. Kapetanović","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The breaking capacity of a medium voltage (MV) rotary SF6 load break switch (LBS) can be improved by incorporating permanent magnets into the stationary contacts. The magnetic field is intended to blow the switching arc root towards a recessed space at the stationary contacts thereby preventing reignition of the arc after current zero. Making and breaking tests of load current 630 A were performed comparing the switching performance of load break switches equipped without a permanent magnet, with a ferrite and with a neodymium magnet. The impact of different polarity arrangements of the magnets in the three phases is also considered and analysed. In order to understand the arc behaviour caused by the effect of permanent magnet, arcing times and arc voltage were measured and evaluated. The results show that the arc voltage depends on the direction of the electromagnetic force, which is determined by the phase current direction but also by the polarity of the magnets. When the force is directed towards the recessed space at the stationary contacts, the arc voltage is notably higher than in the case where the arc is blown in the opposite direction. The higher arc voltage is a reliable indication that the length of the arc is increased, which significantly reduces the risk of both thermal and dielectric breakdowns after the first current zero. The consequences are noticed first in the reduction of the number of missed current zeroes and second in shorter minimum arcing times. An adverse arrangement of the magnet polarity in the three phases increases the number of missed current zeroes.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130107887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Džanko Hajradinović, S. Santamaria, S. Delić, N. Uzelac, Maroua O Touhami, M. Kapetanović
Abstract This paper presents the study of deformations and Von-Misses stresses of the main shaft system during opening and closing operations of a rotary SF6 load break switch (LBS). The shaft consists of three axially connected parts made of steel where components are on ground potential and of plastic material, which is on high potential. The insulating shaft carries three rotating knife-blade contacts for the three phases. Static deformation of the insulating shaft is calculated by applying a defined torque between the two ends of the shaft. The results allow deducing the dynamic deformation. Maximum values of Von-Misses stresses are located at the geared connection between the plastic and the steel shaft. The rotation of the shaft system is measured synchronously by two optical rotary encoders in the front and rear sides of the LBS. The results confirm the twisting of the shaft system and provide its elastic deformation values. Travel curves obtained on both side of the LBS show different courses with respect to overtravel and rebound. Discrepancies can be explained by the deformation of the main shaft due to the acting forces, whereas manufacturing tolerances resulting in loose have a certain contribution.
{"title":"Analysis of Deformations and Von-Misses Stresses of the Main Shaft System in a Load Break Switch","authors":"Džanko Hajradinović, S. Santamaria, S. Delić, N. Uzelac, Maroua O Touhami, M. Kapetanović","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the study of deformations and Von-Misses stresses of the main shaft system during opening and closing operations of a rotary SF6 load break switch (LBS). The shaft consists of three axially connected parts made of steel where components are on ground potential and of plastic material, which is on high potential. The insulating shaft carries three rotating knife-blade contacts for the three phases. Static deformation of the insulating shaft is calculated by applying a defined torque between the two ends of the shaft. The results allow deducing the dynamic deformation. Maximum values of Von-Misses stresses are located at the geared connection between the plastic and the steel shaft. The rotation of the shaft system is measured synchronously by two optical rotary encoders in the front and rear sides of the LBS. The results confirm the twisting of the shaft system and provide its elastic deformation values. Travel curves obtained on both side of the LBS show different courses with respect to overtravel and rebound. Discrepancies can be explained by the deformation of the main shaft due to the acting forces, whereas manufacturing tolerances resulting in loose have a certain contribution.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130611386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The current medium voltage Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS) predominantly use Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) as insulation medium. The leakage tests performed on GIS use either SF6 or Helium medium to ensure gas tightness. However, SF6 has been strictly regulated for the last years due to the high global warming potential effect on the planet. As a response, new technologies are emerging using air as insulation medium. The present work establishes a basic comparison of the leakage rate in a medium voltage GIS using two different leak detection methods: Helium leak detector and Residual Gas Analyser (RGA). Both methods use Helium and additionally RGA using air as tracer gas.
{"title":"New Method of Leak Rate Measurement in SF6 Free Medium Voltage Switchgear Using Helium and Ambient Air","authors":"Ricardo Sant Ana, Marvin Muchametow, M. Ramesh","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current medium voltage Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS) predominantly use Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) as insulation medium. The leakage tests performed on GIS use either SF6 or Helium medium to ensure gas tightness. However, SF6 has been strictly regulated for the last years due to the high global warming potential effect on the planet. As a response, new technologies are emerging using air as insulation medium. The present work establishes a basic comparison of the leakage rate in a medium voltage GIS using two different leak detection methods: Helium leak detector and Residual Gas Analyser (RGA). Both methods use Helium and additionally RGA using air as tracer gas.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129679637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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