Mitchell V Palmer, Carly Kanipe, Soyoun Hwang, Tyler C Thacker, Kimberly A Lehman, Nicholas A Ledesma, Kristophor K Gustafson, Paola M Boggiatto
Bovine tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the M. tuberculosis complex of mycobacterial species that cause tuberculosis in humans and animals. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has relied on examinations of cell-mediated immune responses to M. bovis proteins using tuberculin skin testing and/or interferon gamma release assays. Even when using these methods, disease detection during the earliest phases of infection has been difficult, allowing a window for cattle-to-cattle transmission to occur within a herd. Alternative means of diagnosis could include methods to detect M. bovis or M. bovis DNA in bodily fluids such as nasal secretions, saliva, or blood. During the first 8 weeks after experimental aerosol infection of 18 calves, M. bovis DNA was detected in nasal swabs from a small number of calves 5, 6, and 8 weeks after infection and in samples of saliva at 1, 7, and 8 weeks after infection. However, at no time could culturable M. bovis be recovered from nasal swabs or saliva. M. bovis DNA was not found in blood samples collected weekly and examined by real-time PCR. Interferon gamma release assays demonstrated successful infection of all calves, while examination of humoral responses using a commercial ELISA identified a low number of infected animals at weeks 4-8 after infection. Examination of disease severity through gross lesion scoring did not correlate with shedding in nasal secretions or saliva, and calves with positive antibody ELISA results did not have more severe disease than other calves.
{"title":"Pathogen Detection in Early Phases of Experimental Bovine Tuberculosis.","authors":"Mitchell V Palmer, Carly Kanipe, Soyoun Hwang, Tyler C Thacker, Kimberly A Lehman, Nicholas A Ledesma, Kristophor K Gustafson, Paola M Boggiatto","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080357","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine tuberculosis is caused by <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, a member of the <i>M. tuberculosis</i> complex of mycobacterial species that cause tuberculosis in humans and animals. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has relied on examinations of cell-mediated immune responses to <i>M. bovis</i> proteins using tuberculin skin testing and/or interferon gamma release assays. Even when using these methods, disease detection during the earliest phases of infection has been difficult, allowing a window for cattle-to-cattle transmission to occur within a herd. Alternative means of diagnosis could include methods to detect <i>M. bovis</i> or <i>M. bovis</i> DNA in bodily fluids such as nasal secretions, saliva, or blood. During the first 8 weeks after experimental aerosol infection of 18 calves, <i>M. bovis</i> DNA was detected in nasal swabs from a small number of calves 5, 6, and 8 weeks after infection and in samples of saliva at 1, 7, and 8 weeks after infection. However, at no time could culturable <i>M. bovis</i> be recovered from nasal swabs or saliva. <i>M. bovis</i> DNA was not found in blood samples collected weekly and examined by real-time PCR. Interferon gamma release assays demonstrated successful infection of all calves, while examination of humoral responses using a commercial ELISA identified a low number of infected animals at weeks 4-8 after infection. Examination of disease severity through gross lesion scoring did not correlate with shedding in nasal secretions or saliva, and calves with positive antibody ELISA results did not have more severe disease than other calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Guadalupi, Claudia Piemontese, Marzia Stabile, Rosanna Dizonno, Francesco Staffieri, Luca Lacitignola
The use of minimally invasive methods has grown in popularity due to decreased postoperative morbidity and a quicker recovery. Colopexy is a surgical method that includes the permanent adhesion of the colonic seromuscular layer to the abdominal wall to avoid rectal prolapses in cats and dogs with viable prolapsed tissues. In this case series, we describe the treatment of three cats with total laparoscopic colopexy (TLC) for recurrent rectal prolapses. A non-incisional colopexy was created by suturing the colon to the abdominal wall with a barbed suture. There were no intraoperative complications and a 6-month follow-up revealed no prolapse recurrence. Our study demonstrates that TLC approaches are feasible, safe, and free of problems when used to treat recurrent rectal prolapses in cats, although a larger caseload is required to validate the results obtained from our reported cases.
{"title":"Total Laparoscopic Colopexy for the Treatment of Recurrent Rectal Prolapses in Three Cats.","authors":"Marta Guadalupi, Claudia Piemontese, Marzia Stabile, Rosanna Dizonno, Francesco Staffieri, Luca Lacitignola","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080355","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of minimally invasive methods has grown in popularity due to decreased postoperative morbidity and a quicker recovery. Colopexy is a surgical method that includes the permanent adhesion of the colonic seromuscular layer to the abdominal wall to avoid rectal prolapses in cats and dogs with viable prolapsed tissues. In this case series, we describe the treatment of three cats with total laparoscopic colopexy (TLC) for recurrent rectal prolapses. A non-incisional colopexy was created by suturing the colon to the abdominal wall with a barbed suture. There were no intraoperative complications and a 6-month follow-up revealed no prolapse recurrence. Our study demonstrates that TLC approaches are feasible, safe, and free of problems when used to treat recurrent rectal prolapses in cats, although a larger caseload is required to validate the results obtained from our reported cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of licorice extract (LE) on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum index (biochemistry, hormones, humoral immunity, and antioxidant function), hindgut fecal microbiota, and metabolism in beef cattle. In total, 12 male yellow cattle aged 12 months were divided into two groups (6 cattle per group): the basal diet (CK group) and the basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg LE (CHM group). The entire experimental phase lasted for 120 days, including a 30-day pre-feeding period. Compared to the CK group, the average daily gain, crude fiber, calcium, and crude protein nutrient digestibility were greater on d 30 than d 60 (p < 0.05) and the feed meat ratio was lower for LE addition (p < 0.01). In terms of serum indexes, the insulin and nitric oxide contents were enhanced on d 30, the alkaline phosphatase level was improved on d 60, and the levels of albumin, immunoglobulin A, and catalase were increased on d 90 (p < 0.05). In contrast, the cholesterol content was lower on d 60 for LE addition compared with the CK group (p < 0.05). The higher enrichment of [Eubacterium]-oxidoreducens-group, p-2534-18b5-gut-group, and Ileibacterium were observed in the CHM group (p < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Gallibacterium and Breznakia in the CHM group were lower compared with the CK group (p < 0.05). In addition, the differential metabolites related to healthy growth in the CHM group were increased compared with the CK group. And there was a close correlation between hindgut microbiota and metabolic differentials. In general, LE has a promoting effect on the growth performance and health status of beef cattle over a period (30 to 60 days).
本研究旨在评估甘草提取物(LE)对肉牛生长性能、营养表观消化率、血清指标(生化、激素、体液免疫和抗氧化功能)、后肠粪便微生物群和新陈代谢的影响。总共 12 头年龄为 12 个月的雄性黄牛被分为两组(每组 6 头):基础日粮(CK 组)和添加 2 克/千克 LE 的基础日粮(CHM 组)。整个实验阶段持续 120 天,包括 30 天的预饲期。与 CK 组相比,第 30 天的平均日增重、粗纤维、钙和粗蛋白营养消化率均高于第 60 天(P < 0.05),添加 LE 后的料肉比更低(P < 0.01)。在血清指标方面,胰岛素和一氧化氮含量在第 30 天提高,碱性磷酸酶水平在第 60 天提高,白蛋白、免疫球蛋白 A 和过氧化氢酶水平在第 90 天提高(p < 0.05)。相反,与 CK 组相比,LE 组在第 60 天的胆固醇含量较低(p < 0.05)。与 CK 组相比,CHM 组中[Eubacterium]-oxidoreducens-group、p-2534-18b5-gut-group 和 Ileibacterium 的相对丰度较高(p < 0.05),而 Gallibacterium 和 Breznakia 的相对丰度较低(p < 0.05)。此外,与 CK 组相比,CHM 组与健康成长相关的差异代谢物有所增加。后肠微生物群与代谢差异之间存在密切联系。总的来说,LE 对肉牛的生长性能和健康状况有促进作用(30 至 60 天)。
{"title":"Licorice Extract Supplementation Benefits Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry and Hormones, Immune Antioxidant Status, Hindgut Fecal Microbial Community, and Metabolism in Beef Cattle.","authors":"Sunzhen Liang, Jinzhu Meng, Zining Tang, Xinxin Xie, Miaomiao Tian, Xiaowan Ma, Xiao Yang, Dingfu Xiao, Shuilian Wang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080356","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of licorice extract (LE) on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum index (biochemistry, hormones, humoral immunity, and antioxidant function), hindgut fecal microbiota, and metabolism in beef cattle. In total, 12 male yellow cattle aged 12 months were divided into two groups (6 cattle per group): the basal diet (CK group) and the basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg LE (CHM group). The entire experimental phase lasted for 120 days, including a 30-day pre-feeding period. Compared to the CK group, the average daily gain, crude fiber, calcium, and crude protein nutrient digestibility were greater on d 30 than d 60 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and the feed meat ratio was lower for LE addition (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In terms of serum indexes, the insulin and nitric oxide contents were enhanced on d 30, the alkaline phosphatase level was improved on d 60, and the levels of albumin, immunoglobulin A, and catalase were increased on d 90 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In contrast, the cholesterol content was lower on d 60 for LE addition compared with the CK group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The higher enrichment of [Eubacterium]-oxidoreducens-group, p-2534-18b5-gut-group, and Ileibacterium were observed in the CHM group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Gallibacterium and Breznakia in the CHM group were lower compared with the CK group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the differential metabolites related to healthy growth in the CHM group were increased compared with the CK group. And there was a close correlation between hindgut microbiota and metabolic differentials. In general, LE has a promoting effect on the growth performance and health status of beef cattle over a period (30 to 60 days).</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flipped classroom (FC) is a teaching method where traditional learning roles are inverted. Students are provided with material in advance and are expected to study the content prior to in-class sessions. These sessions are subsequently utilized to clarify doubts and examine in greater depth the previously acquired knowledge. Despite the widespread nature of its approach in health education, its application in basic veterinary subjects remains poorly described. This study explores the implementation of the FC approach in veterinary physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, and embryology. Pre-class material was mainly provided in video format, and class sessions facilitated quizzes and interactive activities aimed to reinforce understanding. The findings indicate a high level of student involvement and effective class preparation, as evidenced by over 84% of students participating in FC in-class sessions and generally achieving satisfactory scores on quizzes. A survey conducted at the end of the first semester shows that a high proportion of students positively valued pre-class material (>90%), quizzes (82%), and the FC approach (66%). However, by the end of the second semester, traditional lectures were preferred by more students than FC (45% and 25%, respectively), while 30% of the students mentioned having no preference between the two methods. Analysis of open-ended responses underscored positive facets of the FC approach, including self-organization, enhanced understanding, and availability of pre-class material. However, it also emphasized challenges associated with FC, such as the significant time and effort required. In conclusion, this study suggests that the FC approach can be well received in integrated basic veterinary subjects if it does not imply an excessive student workload, underscoring the potential benefits of a blended teaching approach that combines elements of both traditional and FC methods.
翻转课堂(FC)是一种将传统学习角色颠倒过来的教学方法。学生提前获得教材,并在上课前学习相关内容。这些课程随后被用来澄清疑问,并更深入地研究先前获得的知识。尽管这种方法在健康教育中非常普遍,但其在基础兽医学科中的应用仍鲜为人知。本研究探讨了 FC 方法在兽医生理学、生物化学、解剖学和胚胎学中的应用。课前材料主要以视频形式提供,课堂上则通过问答和互动活动加深理解。研究结果表明,学生的参与度很高,备课也很有效,超过 84% 的学生参与了 FC 课堂,并在测验中取得了令人满意的成绩。第一学期结束时进行的一项调查显示,大部分学生对课前材料(>90%)、测验(82%)和 FC 方法(66%)给予了积极评价。然而,在第二学期结束时,更多学生(分别为 45% 和 25%)更喜欢传统讲授法,而 30% 的学生表示对这两种方法没有偏好。对开放式回答的分析强调了 FC 教学法的积极方面,包括自我组织、加深理解和提供课前材料。不过,也强调了与 FC 相关的挑战,如需要大量的时间和精力。总之,本研究表明,如果FC教学法不会给学生带来过重的课业负担,那么它在兽医综合基础学科中会受到欢迎,这也凸显了结合传统教学法和FC教学法元素的混合教学法的潜在优势。
{"title":"Flipping Veterinary Biochemistry, Anatomy, and Physiology: Students' Engagement and Perception.","authors":"Christelle de Brito, José Terrado","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080354","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flipped classroom (FC) is a teaching method where traditional learning roles are inverted. Students are provided with material in advance and are expected to study the content prior to in-class sessions. These sessions are subsequently utilized to clarify doubts and examine in greater depth the previously acquired knowledge. Despite the widespread nature of its approach in health education, its application in basic veterinary subjects remains poorly described. This study explores the implementation of the FC approach in veterinary physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, and embryology. Pre-class material was mainly provided in video format, and class sessions facilitated quizzes and interactive activities aimed to reinforce understanding. The findings indicate a high level of student involvement and effective class preparation, as evidenced by over 84% of students participating in FC in-class sessions and generally achieving satisfactory scores on quizzes. A survey conducted at the end of the first semester shows that a high proportion of students positively valued pre-class material (>90%), quizzes (82%), and the FC approach (66%). However, by the end of the second semester, traditional lectures were preferred by more students than FC (45% and 25%, respectively), while 30% of the students mentioned having no preference between the two methods. Analysis of open-ended responses underscored positive facets of the FC approach, including self-organization, enhanced understanding, and availability of pre-class material. However, it also emphasized challenges associated with FC, such as the significant time and effort required. In conclusion, this study suggests that the FC approach can be well received in integrated basic veterinary subjects if it does not imply an excessive student workload, underscoring the potential benefits of a blended teaching approach that combines elements of both traditional and FC methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compared to traditional injected vaccines, oral vaccines offer significant advantages for the immunization of livestock and wildlife due to their ease of use, high compliance, improved safety, and potential to stimulate mucosal immune responses and induce systemic immunity against pathogens. This review provides an overview of the delivery methods for oral vaccines, and the factors that influence their immunogenicity. We also highlight the global progress and achievements in the development and use of oral vaccines for animals, shedding light on potential future applications in this field.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Oral Vaccines for Animals.","authors":"Kaining Zhong, Xinting Chen, Junhao Zhang, Xiaoyu Jiang, Junhui Zhang, Minyi Huang, Shuilian Bi, Chunmei Ju, Yongwen Luo","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080353","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to traditional injected vaccines, oral vaccines offer significant advantages for the immunization of livestock and wildlife due to their ease of use, high compliance, improved safety, and potential to stimulate mucosal immune responses and induce systemic immunity against pathogens. This review provides an overview of the delivery methods for oral vaccines, and the factors that influence their immunogenicity. We also highlight the global progress and achievements in the development and use of oral vaccines for animals, shedding light on potential future applications in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canine multicentric lymphoma (CML) is a prevalent hematopoietic neoplasm that initially responds well to treatment but often relapses due to chemotherapy resistance. Evaluation of treatment response is essential for effective management. Ultrasound (US) can differentiate between benign and lymphomatous lymph nodes (LLNs). However, its utility in monitoring LLNs post chemotherapy is limited. This study aimed to compare US parameters of LLNs during the first 3 weeks post treatment and evaluate their diagnostic performance compared with the conventional method for assessing treatment response. This study included 95 LLNs from 15 dogs with CML and 60 normal lymph nodes (NLNs) from 15 healthy dogs. US, including B-mode and elastography, was performed pre-treatment and weekly for 3 weeks post treatment, and compared with the results of NLNs. LLNs were categorized into partial response and stable disease groups using the conventional method. US scores were established by combining B-mode and elastography parameters. The results showed significantly higher values of LLNs in the short-to-long axis ratio, elastographic scales, and blue-to-green color histogram compared with NLNs. Additionally, LLNs at pre-treatment had significantly higher values than LLNs post treatment. US scores significantly differed among the healthy, partial response, and stable disease groups. In conclusion, B-mode US, elastography, and US scores demonstrated changes during chemotherapy consistent with the conventional method and can be used in conjunction with the conventional method to evaluate the treatment response of CML.
犬多中心淋巴瘤(CML)是一种流行的造血肿瘤,最初对治疗反应良好,但经常因化疗耐药而复发。评估治疗反应对有效治疗至关重要。超声波(US)可区分良性淋巴结和淋巴瘤性淋巴结(LLN)。然而,它在化疗后监测淋巴结方面的作用有限。本研究旨在比较治疗后前三周淋巴结的 US 参数,并评估其与评估治疗反应的传统方法相比的诊断性能。这项研究包括 15 只患 CML 的狗的 95 个 LLN 和 15 只健康狗的 60 个正常淋巴结 (NLN)。在治疗前和治疗后 3 周内,每周进行一次 US(包括 B 型和弹性成像)检查,并与 NLN 的结果进行比较。采用传统方法将 LLNs 分成部分反应组和疾病稳定组。结合 B 型和弹性成像参数确定 US 评分。结果显示,与 NLNs 相比,LLNs 在长短轴比、弹性成像尺度和蓝绿颜色直方图上的数值明显更高。此外,治疗前的 LLNs 值明显高于治疗后的 LLNs 值。US评分在健康组、部分反应组和疾病稳定组之间存在明显差异。总之,B 型 US、弹性成像和 US 评分在化疗期间的变化与传统方法一致,可与传统方法结合使用,以评估 CML 的治疗反应。
{"title":"Post-Chemotherapy Canine Lymphomatous Lymph Node Observations on B-Mode and Strain Elastographic Ultrasound.","authors":"Somchin Sutthigran, Phasamon Saisawart, Suphat Soeratanapant, Patharakrit Teewasutrakul, Sirintra Sirivisoot, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, Anudep Rungsipipat, Nan Choisunirachon","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080352","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine multicentric lymphoma (CML) is a prevalent hematopoietic neoplasm that initially responds well to treatment but often relapses due to chemotherapy resistance. Evaluation of treatment response is essential for effective management. Ultrasound (US) can differentiate between benign and lymphomatous lymph nodes (LLNs). However, its utility in monitoring LLNs post chemotherapy is limited. This study aimed to compare US parameters of LLNs during the first 3 weeks post treatment and evaluate their diagnostic performance compared with the conventional method for assessing treatment response. This study included 95 LLNs from 15 dogs with CML and 60 normal lymph nodes (NLNs) from 15 healthy dogs. US, including B-mode and elastography, was performed pre-treatment and weekly for 3 weeks post treatment, and compared with the results of NLNs. LLNs were categorized into partial response and stable disease groups using the conventional method. US scores were established by combining B-mode and elastography parameters. The results showed significantly higher values of LLNs in the short-to-long axis ratio, elastographic scales, and blue-to-green color histogram compared with NLNs. Additionally, LLNs at pre-treatment had significantly higher values than LLNs post treatment. US scores significantly differed among the healthy, partial response, and stable disease groups. In conclusion, B-mode US, elastography, and US scores demonstrated changes during chemotherapy consistent with the conventional method and can be used in conjunction with the conventional method to evaluate the treatment response of CML.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Probiotics demonstrated effectiveness in modulating oral microbiota and improving oral health in humans and rodents. However, its effects and applications on the oral microbiota of cats remain underexplored. Twelve healthy cats were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) and a composite probiotic group (CPG) for a 42-day trial. The CPG diet included additional supplementation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, and Lactobacillus casei LC-11, each at approximately 1 × 1010 CFU/kg. On days 0 and 42, microbial samples were collected from the gingiva, tooth surfaces, and tongue of all cats for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla across all oral sites. The CPG treatment enriched seven genera, such as Moraxella, Actinomyces, and Frederiksenia in the gingiva. Meanwhile, Bergeyella and Streptococcus were enriched on the tooth surfaces, while Bergeyella, Flavobacterium, and Luteimonas were enriched on the tongue. Furthermore, the composite probiotic effectively suppressed eight genera, such as Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, and Filifactor in the gingiva of CPG cats, as well as Helcococcus, Lentimicrobium, and Campylobacter on tooth surfaces, and Porphyromonas, Treponema, and Fusibacter on the tongue. These findings suggest that the composite probiotic used in this study modulates the feline oral microbiota by supporting beneficial or commensal bacteria and inhibiting oral pathogens, demonstrating potential to improve oral health in cats.
{"title":"Effect of Dietary Composite Probiotic Supplementation on the Microbiota of Different Oral Sites in Cats.","authors":"Mingrui Zhang, Yingyue Cui, Xiaoying Mei, Longxian Li, Haotian Wang, Yingying Li, Yi Wu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080351","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics demonstrated effectiveness in modulating oral microbiota and improving oral health in humans and rodents. However, its effects and applications on the oral microbiota of cats remain underexplored. Twelve healthy cats were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) and a composite probiotic group (CPG) for a 42-day trial. The CPG diet included additional supplementation of <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> HN019, <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> NCFM, and <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> LC-11, each at approximately 1 × 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/kg. On days 0 and 42, microbial samples were collected from the gingiva, tooth surfaces, and tongue of all cats for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla across all oral sites. The CPG treatment enriched seven genera, such as <i>Moraxella</i>, <i>Actinomyces</i>, and <i>Frederiksenia</i> in the gingiva. Meanwhile, <i>Bergeyella</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> were enriched on the tooth surfaces, while <i>Bergeyella</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, and <i>Luteimonas</i> were enriched on the tongue. Furthermore, the composite probiotic effectively suppressed eight genera, such as <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Desulfovibrio</i>, and <i>Filifactor</i> in the gingiva of CPG cats, as well as <i>Helcococcus, Lentimicrobium,</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> on tooth surfaces, and <i>Porphyromonas, Treponema,</i> and <i>Fusibacter</i> on the tongue. These findings suggest that the composite probiotic used in this study modulates the feline oral microbiota by supporting beneficial or commensal bacteria and inhibiting oral pathogens, demonstrating potential to improve oral health in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor mastitis control favors intramammary infection (IMI), which always involves CNS. This study aimed to determine the relationships of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in mastitis milk with concurrent infection, bacterial pathogens, SCC, and MDA, an oxidative stress marker. All mastitis quarters from five smallholder dairy farms were sampled aseptically before morning milking and again before afternoon milking for bacteriological identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The samples with the concomitant infection between streptococci and CNS and their pairs of another sample from the quarters were selected. In addition, samples were randomly chosen to have a controlled single infection. IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured with ELISA kits. MDA was measured using HPLC, while SCC was measured using Fossomatic™ FC. The results from a repeated measure analysis showed that IL-4 positively correlated with SCC, while IL-6 showed a negative trend. IL-4 levels were highest in CNS infections and significantly higher than in non-infected or mixed infections (p < 0.05). The IL-6 level of the mixed bacteria was highest and showed a different trend from non-infection, and the quarter was infected with streptococcal bacteria. In conclusion, from a single infection, the streptococci and CNS quarter showed varied immune responses, including trendily higher IL-6 and IL-4.
{"title":"Variation in Interleukin-4, -6, and -10 in Mastitis Milk: Associations with Infections, Pathogens, Somatic Cell Counts, and Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Wasana Chaisri, Montira Intanon, Duanghathai Saipinta, Anyaphat Srithanasuwan, Noppason Pangprasit, Weerin Jaraja, Areerat Chuasakhonwilai, Witaya Suriyasathaporn","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080350","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor mastitis control favors intramammary infection (IMI), which always involves CNS. This study aimed to determine the relationships of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in mastitis milk with concurrent infection, bacterial pathogens, SCC, and MDA, an oxidative stress marker. All mastitis quarters from five smallholder dairy farms were sampled aseptically before morning milking and again before afternoon milking for bacteriological identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The samples with the concomitant infection between streptococci and CNS and their pairs of another sample from the quarters were selected. In addition, samples were randomly chosen to have a controlled single infection. IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured with ELISA kits. MDA was measured using HPLC, while SCC was measured using Fossomatic™ FC. The results from a repeated measure analysis showed that IL-4 positively correlated with SCC, while IL-6 showed a negative trend. IL-4 levels were highest in CNS infections and significantly higher than in non-infected or mixed infections (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The IL-6 level of the mixed bacteria was highest and showed a different trend from non-infection, and the quarter was infected with streptococcal bacteria. In conclusion, from a single infection, the streptococci and CNS quarter showed varied immune responses, including trendily higher IL-6 and IL-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Salvador Vicente, Jesús Valdés-Hernández, Francisco Marco-Jiménez
Assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) are generally considered safe; however, emerging evidence highlights the need to evaluate potential risks in adulthood to improve safety further. ART procedures like rederivation of embryos by vitrification differ from natural conditions, causing significant disparities between in vitro and in vivo embryos, affecting foetal physiology and postnatal life. This study aims to investigate whether hepatic transcriptome and metabolome changes observed postnatally are already present in foetal livers at the end of gestation. This study compared fresh and vitrified rabbit embryos, finding differences between foetuses obtained by the transfer of fresh and vitrified embryos at 24 days of gestation. Rederived embryos had reduced foetal and liver weights and crown-rump length. However, the offspring of vitrified embryos tended to be born with higher weight, showing compensatory growth in the final week of gestation (59.2 vs. 49.8 g). RNA-Seq analysis revealed 43 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the foetal liver of vitrified embryos compared to the fresh group. Notably, downregulated genes included BRAT1, CYP4A7, CYP2B4, RPL23, RPL22L1, PPILAL1, A1BG, IFGGC1, LRRC57, DIPP2, UGT2B14, IRGM1, NUTF2, MPST, and PPP1R1B, while upregulated genes included ACOT8, ERICH3, UBXN2A, METTL9, ALDH3A2, DERPC-like, NR5A2-like, AP-1, COG8, INHBE, and PLA2G4C. Overall, a functional annotation of these DEGs indicated an involvement in lipid metabolism and the stress and inflammatory process or immune response. Thus, our results suggest that vitrification and embryo transfer manipulation induce an adaptive response that can be observed in the liver during the last week of gestation.
{"title":"Transcriptomic Signatures of the Foetal Liver and Late Prenatal Development in Vitrified Rabbit Embryos.","authors":"José Salvador Vicente, Jesús Valdés-Hernández, Francisco Marco-Jiménez","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080347","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) are generally considered safe; however, emerging evidence highlights the need to evaluate potential risks in adulthood to improve safety further. ART procedures like rederivation of embryos by vitrification differ from natural conditions, causing significant disparities between in vitro and in vivo embryos, affecting foetal physiology and postnatal life. This study aims to investigate whether hepatic transcriptome and metabolome changes observed postnatally are already present in foetal livers at the end of gestation. This study compared fresh and vitrified rabbit embryos, finding differences between foetuses obtained by the transfer of fresh and vitrified embryos at 24 days of gestation. Rederived embryos had reduced foetal and liver weights and crown-rump length. However, the offspring of vitrified embryos tended to be born with higher weight, showing compensatory growth in the final week of gestation (59.2 vs. 49.8 g). RNA-Seq analysis revealed 43 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the foetal liver of vitrified embryos compared to the fresh group. Notably, downregulated genes included BRAT1, CYP4A7, CYP2B4, RPL23, RPL22L1, PPILAL1, A1BG, IFGGC1, LRRC57, DIPP2, UGT2B14, IRGM1, NUTF2, MPST, and PPP1R1B, while upregulated genes included ACOT8, ERICH3, UBXN2A, METTL9, ALDH3A2, DERPC-like, NR5A2-like, AP-1, COG8, INHBE, and PLA2G4C. Overall, a functional annotation of these DEGs indicated an involvement in lipid metabolism and the stress and inflammatory process or immune response. Thus, our results suggest that vitrification and embryo transfer manipulation induce an adaptive response that can be observed in the liver during the last week of gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bovine infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), poses significant challenges to the global cattle industry due to its high contagiousness and economic impact. In our study, we successfully isolated a BoAHV1 strain from suspected infected bovine nasal mucus samples in Yanji city, revealing genetic similarities with strains from Sichuan, Egypt, and the USA, while strains from Xinjiang, Beijing, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia showed more distant associations, indicating potential cross-border transmission. Additionally, our investigation of BoAHV1 infection dynamics within host cells revealed early upregulation of gB, which is critical for sustained infection, while the expression of gC and gD showed variations compared to previous studies. These findings enhance our understanding of BoAHV1 diversity and infection kinetics, underscoring the importance of international collaboration for effective surveillance and control strategies. Furthermore, they lay the groundwork for the development of targeted therapeutics and vaccines to mitigate the impact of IBR on the cattle industry.
{"title":"Isolation of the Initial Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 Isolate from Yanbian, China.","authors":"Jingrui Hao, Jingfeng Fu, Kai Yu, Xu Gao, Keyan Zang, Haoyuan Ma, Haowen Xue, Yanhao Song, Kunru Zhu, Meng Yang, Yaning Zhang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080348","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), poses significant challenges to the global cattle industry due to its high contagiousness and economic impact. In our study, we successfully isolated a BoAHV1 strain from suspected infected bovine nasal mucus samples in Yanji city, revealing genetic similarities with strains from Sichuan, Egypt, and the USA, while strains from Xinjiang, Beijing, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia showed more distant associations, indicating potential cross-border transmission. Additionally, our investigation of BoAHV1 infection dynamics within host cells revealed early upregulation of <i>gB</i>, which is critical for sustained infection, while the expression of <i>gC</i> and <i>gD</i> showed variations compared to previous studies. These findings enhance our understanding of BoAHV1 diversity and infection kinetics, underscoring the importance of international collaboration for effective surveillance and control strategies. Furthermore, they lay the groundwork for the development of targeted therapeutics and vaccines to mitigate the impact of IBR on the cattle industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}