CTHV is a non-invasive and accurate method for assessing liver volume in dogs. CTHV has not been studied in each type of extrahepatic PSS in dogs. This study aimed to use CTHV to compare liver volumes in dogs with different types of PSSs that had been confirmed by computed tomography angiography. Dogs with PSSs were retrospectively included and categorized into IH, EHPC, EHPA, or EHPP shunt groups. Manual CTHV was performed, and the normalized liver volume (nLV) and the difference in nLV from the estimated liver volume calculated based on body weight (LV%diff) was calculated. The study included 57 dogs: 20 IH, 21 EHPC, 9 EHPA, and 7 EHPP. The median nLV (cm3/kg) and LV%diff (%) for each group were as follows: IH 17.3 (-40.4%); EHPC 16.9 (-60.3%); EHPA 15.1 (-56.7%); and EHPP 17.2 (-59.2%), respectively. There were no significant differences in nLV among the PSS types. However, LV%diff was significantly more pronounced in the EHPC and EHPA groups compared with the IH group. Additionally, smaller dogs exhibited more severe microhepatia, with a significant positive correlation between LV%diff and body weight (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that microhepatia severity varies by shunt type and is more severe in smaller dogs, highlighting the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Computed Tomographic Hepatic Volumetry in Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Shunts.","authors":"Hitomi Kurihara, George Moore, Masahiro Murakami","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CTHV is a non-invasive and accurate method for assessing liver volume in dogs. CTHV has not been studied in each type of extrahepatic PSS in dogs. This study aimed to use CTHV to compare liver volumes in dogs with different types of PSSs that had been confirmed by computed tomography angiography. Dogs with PSSs were retrospectively included and categorized into IH, EHPC, EHPA, or EHPP shunt groups. Manual CTHV was performed, and the normalized liver volume (nLV) and the difference in nLV from the estimated liver volume calculated based on body weight (LV%diff) was calculated. The study included 57 dogs: 20 IH, 21 EHPC, 9 EHPA, and 7 EHPP. The median nLV (cm<sup>3</sup>/kg) and LV%diff (%) for each group were as follows: IH 17.3 (-40.4%); EHPC 16.9 (-60.3%); EHPA 15.1 (-56.7%); and EHPP 17.2 (-59.2%), respectively. There were no significant differences in nLV among the PSS types. However, LV%diff was significantly more pronounced in the EHPC and EHPA groups compared with the IH group. Additionally, smaller dogs exhibited more severe microhepatia, with a significant positive correlation between LV%diff and body weight (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These findings suggest that microhepatia severity varies by shunt type and is more severe in smaller dogs, highlighting the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adina-Mihaela Pîrvu, Mario Caniatti, Marta Pieri, Paola Roccabianca, Manuella Militaru
Background: Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is the most aggressive and malignant type of mammary carcinoma. As in humans, canine IMC resembles mastitis clinically. However, IMC is highly aggressive with high incidence of metastases and common recurrence after surgery, leading to guarded prognosis and low survival rate. Given the complex morphology of canine mammary tumours, cytological examination is not performed routinely, and IMC diagnosis relies on the association of clinical features and histopathology. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of canine IMC cytology, in an attempt to find possible cytological features that allow differentiation of IMC from other mammary tumour types.
Methods: We analysed preoperative cytological samples from 25 dogs with IMC, later confirmed by corroborating clinical and histopathological examinations.
Results: Distinct cytological features of canine IMC included scarce cellular cohesiveness, ballooning aspect of neoplastic cells, frequent multinucleation, irregularly dispersed and ropy chromatin pattern, and squamous metaplasia in some individualised cells or those in small groups.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that cytological examination can contribute to the diagnosis of IMC and might help differentiate it from other mammary carcinomas, even when clinical data is not available, which is common in cytological routine.
{"title":"Cytological Features of Inflammatory Mammary Carcinoma in Dogs.","authors":"Adina-Mihaela Pîrvu, Mario Caniatti, Marta Pieri, Paola Roccabianca, Manuella Militaru","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is the most aggressive and malignant type of mammary carcinoma. As in humans, canine IMC resembles mastitis clinically. However, IMC is highly aggressive with high incidence of metastases and common recurrence after surgery, leading to guarded prognosis and low survival rate. Given the complex morphology of canine mammary tumours, cytological examination is not performed routinely, and IMC diagnosis relies on the association of clinical features and histopathology. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of canine IMC cytology, in an attempt to find possible cytological features that allow differentiation of IMC from other mammary tumour types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed preoperative cytological samples from 25 dogs with IMC, later confirmed by corroborating clinical and histopathological examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct cytological features of canine IMC included scarce cellular cohesiveness, ballooning aspect of neoplastic cells, frequent multinucleation, irregularly dispersed and ropy chromatin pattern, and squamous metaplasia in some individualised cells or those in small groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that cytological examination can contribute to the diagnosis of IMC and might help differentiate it from other mammary carcinomas, even when clinical data is not available, which is common in cytological routine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Plamenova Stefanova, Yania Paz-Sánchez, Óscar Quesada-Canales, María Del Pino Quintana-Montesdeoca, Antonio Espinosa de Los Monteros, Ana Sofía Ramírez, Antonio Fernández, Marisa Andrada
Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic disease with economic impact on ruminant farming worldwide. The Canary Islands count with the fourth largest goat population in Spain and are "officially free" of bovine tuberculosis. Twelve farms were included with 2774 serum samples tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-MAP antibodies in two sessions. In the first session, an overall apparent prevalence of 18.4% (2.5% up to 61.1%) was obtained. Farms with prevalences (0-10%], (10-20%] and >20% were identified, with differences in seroconversion in the same prevalence group between farms and age ranges. Non-vaccinated (nV) and vaccinated (V) animals were included in the second sampling session. Higher levels of antibodies were detected in V animals older than 12 months, with considerable variations between age ranges and farms. Our results describe the current PTB status of the Canary Islands' goat farming. Furthermore, new insights on the effect of the farm prevalence on seroconversion in V animals are provided, although further studies are needed to evaluate the multiple factors affecting the immune response to anti-MAP vaccination.
{"title":"Caprine Paratuberculosis Seroprevalence and Immune Response to Anti-<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Vaccination on the Canary Islands, Spain.","authors":"Elena Plamenova Stefanova, Yania Paz-Sánchez, Óscar Quesada-Canales, María Del Pino Quintana-Montesdeoca, Antonio Espinosa de Los Monteros, Ana Sofía Ramírez, Antonio Fernández, Marisa Andrada","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP), is a chronic disease with economic impact on ruminant farming worldwide. The Canary Islands count with the fourth largest goat population in Spain and are \"officially free\" of bovine tuberculosis. Twelve farms were included with 2774 serum samples tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-MAP antibodies in two sessions. In the first session, an overall apparent prevalence of 18.4% (2.5% up to 61.1%) was obtained. Farms with prevalences (0-10%], (10-20%] and >20% were identified, with differences in seroconversion in the same prevalence group between farms and age ranges. Non-vaccinated (nV) and vaccinated (V) animals were included in the second sampling session. Higher levels of antibodies were detected in V animals older than 12 months, with considerable variations between age ranges and farms. Our results describe the current PTB status of the Canary Islands' goat farming. Furthermore, new insights on the effect of the farm prevalence on seroconversion in V animals are provided, although further studies are needed to evaluate the multiple factors affecting the immune response to anti-MAP vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inês Tomé, Luís Costa, Sofia Alves-Pimenta, Roberto Sargo, José Pereira, Bruno Colaço, Mário Ginja
The present study investigates the morphometric changes in the hip joint in a surgically induced rabbit model of hip dysplasia through the sectioning of the ligamentum capitis femoris and pelvic limb immobilization. A total of seventeen rabbits were evaluated using radiographic and computed tomographic imaging to measure the following parameters: the femoral angles of anteversion and inclination, length and width indexes of the neck of the femur, and acetabular depth and ventroversion. Significant differences in femoral anteversion angle and acetabular depth were observed, particularly in the group of hip instability surgery with pelvic limb immobilization. The results have shown the influence of hip joint instability in the promotion of femoral anteversion and acetabular shallowing. These findings provide a foundation for future research on naturally occurring or experimentally induced hip dysplasia in rabbits and underscore the model's potential for studying the biomechanical and developmental aspects of hip joint disorders.
{"title":"Morphometric Assessment of the Hip Joint in a Functional Dysplastic Rabbit Model.","authors":"Inês Tomé, Luís Costa, Sofia Alves-Pimenta, Roberto Sargo, José Pereira, Bruno Colaço, Mário Ginja","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080387","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigates the morphometric changes in the hip joint in a surgically induced rabbit model of hip dysplasia through the sectioning of the ligamentum capitis femoris and pelvic limb immobilization. A total of seventeen rabbits were evaluated using radiographic and computed tomographic imaging to measure the following parameters: the femoral angles of anteversion and inclination, length and width indexes of the neck of the femur, and acetabular depth and ventroversion. Significant differences in femoral anteversion angle and acetabular depth were observed, particularly in the group of hip instability surgery with pelvic limb immobilization. The results have shown the influence of hip joint instability in the promotion of femoral anteversion and acetabular shallowing. These findings provide a foundation for future research on naturally occurring or experimentally induced hip dysplasia in rabbits and underscore the model's potential for studying the biomechanical and developmental aspects of hip joint disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><p>Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by <i>P. multocida</i>. Both conventional and molecular methods are applied in parallel for rapid diagnosis of HS outbreaks and the periodical surveillance strategy to identify risk areas for HS is ignored. The current cross-sectional study aimed to estimate sero-prevalence and associated risk factors for HS in cattle and buffaloes in non-vaccinated regions of two Indian states. HS surveillance was carried out through the multi-stage random sampling technique at different strata. The study employed a questionnaire incorporating host factors (species, breed, sex, age, and lactation) and demographic parameters (state, district, block/cluster and village/epiunits, and household). First, two Indian states known for high milk production were selected followed by two districts within each state, subsequently four clusters within each district, finally 5-10 epiunits within clusters and 5-8 households within clusters were randomly selected to collect cattle and buffalo samples. The chi-square/<i>p</i> values and maps were prepared to represent disease prevalence and to correlate disease risk factors at different strata. A total of 692 cattle and buffalo serum samples were sourced from two states of the country (Karnataka-285 and Gujarat-407). In the first strata, antibodies to <i>P. multocida</i> were high in Gujarat (14.49%, CI: 11.22-18.30) compared to Karnataka (3.85%, CI: 1.94-6.80) with significant (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) association between the states. In the second strata, one of the four districts investigated revealed the highest sero-prevalence (18.61%, CI: 13.81-24.24) with statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.01) between the districts. Among clusters, one out of eight clusters showed the highest sero-prevalence (23.02%, CI: 16.59-30.54) with statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.03) between the clusters in the third strata. At epiunit level (fourth strata), 9 out of 27 epiunits (33.33%) visited in Karnataka and 24 out of 29 epiunits sampled in Gujarat were sero-positive (82.75%) in iELISA. At the household level, out of 306 HH visited, 40 HH had at least one positive animal (13.07%) and the <i>p</i> value between HH in the two states was highly significant (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). Chi-square analysis did not find any association of HS sero-prevalence to species, age, and lactation. However, significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) sero-prevalence was recorded in indigenous cattle breeds (16.56%) compared to crossbreeds (6.59%). Various immunoprophylactics and antibiotic therapies are effective against HS, but inappropriate disease reporting and failure to implement adequate vaccination control measures are the gaps identified. The present study highlights the current scenario of HS sero-prevalence in two of the high milk-producing states of India, which will be useful for stakeholders for undertaking the implementation of surveillance and contro
{"title":"Sero-Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cattle and Buffalo Population of Indian States Karnataka and Gujarat.","authors":"Rajeswari Shome, Amit Kanani, Govindraj Gurrappanaidu, Naveen Kumar Gajalavarahalli Subbanna, Nagalingam Mohandoss, Awadesh Prajapati, Kanaka Baskar, Somy Skariah, G Shanmugam, Snigdha Madhaba Maharana, Kennady Vijayalakshmy, Rahman Habibur","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080386","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by <i>P. multocida</i>. Both conventional and molecular methods are applied in parallel for rapid diagnosis of HS outbreaks and the periodical surveillance strategy to identify risk areas for HS is ignored. The current cross-sectional study aimed to estimate sero-prevalence and associated risk factors for HS in cattle and buffaloes in non-vaccinated regions of two Indian states. HS surveillance was carried out through the multi-stage random sampling technique at different strata. The study employed a questionnaire incorporating host factors (species, breed, sex, age, and lactation) and demographic parameters (state, district, block/cluster and village/epiunits, and household). First, two Indian states known for high milk production were selected followed by two districts within each state, subsequently four clusters within each district, finally 5-10 epiunits within clusters and 5-8 households within clusters were randomly selected to collect cattle and buffalo samples. The chi-square/<i>p</i> values and maps were prepared to represent disease prevalence and to correlate disease risk factors at different strata. A total of 692 cattle and buffalo serum samples were sourced from two states of the country (Karnataka-285 and Gujarat-407). In the first strata, antibodies to <i>P. multocida</i> were high in Gujarat (14.49%, CI: 11.22-18.30) compared to Karnataka (3.85%, CI: 1.94-6.80) with significant (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) association between the states. In the second strata, one of the four districts investigated revealed the highest sero-prevalence (18.61%, CI: 13.81-24.24) with statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.01) between the districts. Among clusters, one out of eight clusters showed the highest sero-prevalence (23.02%, CI: 16.59-30.54) with statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.03) between the clusters in the third strata. At epiunit level (fourth strata), 9 out of 27 epiunits (33.33%) visited in Karnataka and 24 out of 29 epiunits sampled in Gujarat were sero-positive (82.75%) in iELISA. At the household level, out of 306 HH visited, 40 HH had at least one positive animal (13.07%) and the <i>p</i> value between HH in the two states was highly significant (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). Chi-square analysis did not find any association of HS sero-prevalence to species, age, and lactation. However, significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) sero-prevalence was recorded in indigenous cattle breeds (16.56%) compared to crossbreeds (6.59%). Various immunoprophylactics and antibiotic therapies are effective against HS, but inappropriate disease reporting and failure to implement adequate vaccination control measures are the gaps identified. The present study highlights the current scenario of HS sero-prevalence in two of the high milk-producing states of India, which will be useful for stakeholders for undertaking the implementation of surveillance and contro","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aline Marangon de Oliveira, Anna Luiza Silva de Faria, Daiana Francisca Quirino, Érica Beatriz Schultz, Luciana Navajas Rennó, Marcelo Teixeira Rodrigues, Cristina Mattos Veloso
Biopsy techniques in dairy goats are currently limited. This study aimed to describe a liver biopsy technique in dairy goats and to evaluate liver triglyceride levels and glycogen content. Sixty-nine dairy goats in the final stage of pregnancy and early lactation period were selected. Fifty goats were selected randomly for hepatic biopsy (HB) according to gestational period and were characterized according to fetus number (single: n = 16, multiple: n = 34), supplementation with propylene glycol (diet: n = 23, diet+PG: n = 27), and milk production levels (high: 3.0 ± 0.4 L/day, n = 15; low: 1.4 ± 0.4 L/day, n = 26). Liver tissue samples were obtained through biopsy on days -30, -20, -15, -10, -5, and 15 days after calving. Hepatic triglyceride and glycogen were quantified. The results were analyzed using the F-test at a 5% significance level and a comparison of means using the Tukey test. The liver biopsies did not influence dry matter intake, body weight, or milk yield. Hepatic glycogen concentration was lower 15 days after calving than it was prior to calving, except on day -20. Goats that generated high levels of milk production had lower triglyceride levels than goats that generated low levels of milk production. The biopsy technique is a safe method for obtaining tissue and evaluating liver content in dairy goats. The milk production level and days relative to parturition influence the hepatic triglyceride and glycogen content in dairy goats.
{"title":"Liver Biopsy Technique for Analysis of Hepatic Content during Pregnancy and Early Lactation in Dairy Goats.","authors":"Aline Marangon de Oliveira, Anna Luiza Silva de Faria, Daiana Francisca Quirino, Érica Beatriz Schultz, Luciana Navajas Rennó, Marcelo Teixeira Rodrigues, Cristina Mattos Veloso","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080384","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biopsy techniques in dairy goats are currently limited. This study aimed to describe a liver biopsy technique in dairy goats and to evaluate liver triglyceride levels and glycogen content. Sixty-nine dairy goats in the final stage of pregnancy and early lactation period were selected. Fifty goats were selected randomly for hepatic biopsy (HB) according to gestational period and were characterized according to fetus number (single: <i>n</i> = 16, multiple: <i>n</i> = 34), supplementation with propylene glycol (diet: <i>n</i> = 23, diet+PG: <i>n</i> = 27), and milk production levels (high: 3.0 ± 0.4 L/day, n = 15; low: 1.4 ± 0.4 L/day, n = 26). Liver tissue samples were obtained through biopsy on days -30, -20, -15, -10, -5, and 15 days after calving. Hepatic triglyceride and glycogen were quantified. The results were analyzed using the F-test at a 5% significance level and a comparison of means using the Tukey test. The liver biopsies did not influence dry matter intake, body weight, or milk yield. Hepatic glycogen concentration was lower 15 days after calving than it was prior to calving, except on day -20. Goats that generated high levels of milk production had lower triglyceride levels than goats that generated low levels of milk production. The biopsy technique is a safe method for obtaining tissue and evaluating liver content in dairy goats. The milk production level and days relative to parturition influence the hepatic triglyceride and glycogen content in dairy goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge U Carmona, Luis H Carmona-Ramírez, Catalina López
(1) Background: There is increasing interest in the use of platelet-rich plasma and related orthobiologics for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders in horses; however, there is no information on the bibliometric impact of the literature published in this area. (2) Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the bibliometrix R package by analyzing the documents registered in the WOS and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2024. The included registers were evaluated according to the menu of results from the biblioshiny web app (overview, sources, authors, documents, words, trending topics, clustering, conceptual structure, and social structure). (3) Conclusions: The documents produced were mainly published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, BMC Veterinary Research, and the American Journal of Veterinary Research). The most productive institutions were Universidad de Caldas, Colorado State University, University of California-Davis, and University of Leipzig, and the most productive countries were the USA, Brazil, and Colombia. Horse, platelet-rich plasma, equine, osteoarthritis, and autologous conditioned serum were the most frequently used keywords. The trending topics in this area are platelet lysates and orthobiologics. The collaboration network of authors, institutions, and countries shows an isolated development of individual author networks with modest collaboration between institutions and countries.
{"title":"Platelet-Rich Plasma and Related Orthobiologics for the Treatment of Equine Musculoskeletal Disorders-A Bibliometric Analysis from 2000 to 2024.","authors":"Jorge U Carmona, Luis H Carmona-Ramírez, Catalina López","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080385","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: There is increasing interest in the use of platelet-rich plasma and related orthobiologics for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders in horses; however, there is no information on the bibliometric impact of the literature published in this area. (2) Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the bibliometrix R package by analyzing the documents registered in the WOS and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2024. The included registers were evaluated according to the menu of results from the biblioshiny web app (overview, sources, authors, documents, words, trending topics, clustering, conceptual structure, and social structure). (3) Conclusions: The documents produced were mainly published in <i>Frontiers in Veterinary Science</i>, <i>Journal of Equine Veterinary Science</i>, <i>BMC Veterinary Research</i>, and the <i>American Journal of Veterinary Research</i>). The most productive institutions were Universidad de Caldas, Colorado State University, University of California-Davis, and University of Leipzig, and the most productive countries were the USA, Brazil, and Colombia. Horse, platelet-rich plasma, equine, osteoarthritis, and autologous conditioned serum were the most frequently used keywords. The trending topics in this area are platelet lysates and orthobiologics. The collaboration network of authors, institutions, and countries shows an isolated development of individual author networks with modest collaboration between institutions and countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Salahuddin, Ahmed A A Abdel-Wareth, Kayla G Stamps, Cassandra D Gray, Adrian M W Aviña, Sadanand Fulzele, Jayant Lohakare
Enhancing the sustainability of chicken farming involves improving health and productivity and product qualities. This study explores the influence of Spirulina platensis (SP) supplementation on the productivity, egg quality, shelf life during storage, and blood biochemistry of laying hens. A total of 192 thirty-nine-week-old White Leghorn hens were randomly divided into 4 dietary groups: a control group and 3 treatment groups receiving 2.5 g/kg, 5 g/kg, or 10 g/kg of SP, respectively. The study was conducted for six weeks with measuring feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg quality, shelf life, and blood biochemistry. The results demonstrated significant enhancements in egg weight (p < 0.05) and egg mass (p < 0.05) in the treatment of SP groups. The SP treated hens showed significant improvements in yolk color (p < 0.05) and Haugh unit scores (p < 0.05). The SP supplementation showed a hepatoprotective effect, as indicated by significant reduction in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.05) levels; however, increases in total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were observed. Furthermore, the egg quality of stored eggs for 21 days linearly increased with increments in the SP levels. In conclusion, it can be speculated that adding SP at 2.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg can significantly improve the productivity of laying hens, eggs' quality, shelf life, and blood biochemistry, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and efficient chicken production.
{"title":"Enhancing Laying Hens' Performance, Egg Quality, Shelf Life during Storage, and Blood Biochemistry with <i>Spirulina platensis</i> Supplementation.","authors":"Md Salahuddin, Ahmed A A Abdel-Wareth, Kayla G Stamps, Cassandra D Gray, Adrian M W Aviña, Sadanand Fulzele, Jayant Lohakare","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080383","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing the sustainability of chicken farming involves improving health and productivity and product qualities. This study explores the influence of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (SP) supplementation on the productivity, egg quality, shelf life during storage, and blood biochemistry of laying hens. A total of 192 thirty-nine-week-old White Leghorn hens were randomly divided into 4 dietary groups: a control group and 3 treatment groups receiving 2.5 g/kg, 5 g/kg, or 10 g/kg of SP, respectively. The study was conducted for six weeks with measuring feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg quality, shelf life, and blood biochemistry. The results demonstrated significant enhancements in egg weight (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and egg mass (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the treatment of SP groups. The SP treated hens showed significant improvements in yolk color (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and Haugh unit scores (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The SP supplementation showed a hepatoprotective effect, as indicated by significant reduction in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) levels; however, increases in total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were observed. Furthermore, the egg quality of stored eggs for 21 days linearly increased with increments in the SP levels. In conclusion, it can be speculated that adding SP at 2.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg can significantly improve the productivity of laying hens, eggs' quality, shelf life, and blood biochemistry, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and efficient chicken production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raquel Abreu, Sofia Mouro, Joana F Guerreiro, Sílvia A Sousa, Jorge H Leitão, Hugo Pissarra, Eva Cunha, Luís Tavares, Manuela Oliveira
The Pseudomonas genus includes ubiquitous bacteria frequently described as animal and human opportunistic pathogens. A 9-year-old cat was referred for rhinoscopy at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal, for an investigation of the chronic respiratory signs. Upon rhinoscopy, nasal and nasopharyngeal discharge were observed, and the nasal turbinates showed signs of inflammation. The nasal biopsies were evaluated by histopathology and mycological and bacterial cultures. The histopathology revealed chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. The mycological culture was negative, but the bacterial culture revealed the growth of a bacterial isolate in the pure culture, identified as P. aestus by the sequencing of a 1750 bp PCR amplicon obtained with BCR1 and BCR2 primers, followed by homologous sequences analysis using the NCBI database. The isolate's susceptibility profile towards 14 antimicrobials was evaluated through the disk diffusion method, being observed that it presented a multidrug resistance profile. The studies available on this environmental Pseudomonas strain focused on its potential use for biocide production and application in agricultural settings, and, to the authors' best knowledge, there are no reports describing its association with infectious diseases in humans or animals, highlighting the importance of establishing protocols aiming at the identification and characterization of non-traditional, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas in the clinical setting.
假单胞菌属包括无处不在的细菌,经常被描述为动物和人类的机会性病原体。葡萄牙里斯本大学兽医学院兽医院转诊了一只 9 岁的猫,对其慢性呼吸道症状进行鼻镜检查。鼻镜检查发现,猫的鼻腔和鼻咽部有分泌物,鼻甲有发炎迹象。对鼻腔活检组织进行了病理评估,并进行了真菌和细菌培养。组织病理学显示为慢性淋巴细胞性炎症。真菌培养呈阴性,但细菌培养显示在纯培养物中生长了一种细菌分离物,通过对使用 BCR1 和 BCR2 引物获得的 1750 bp PCR 扩增片段进行测序,然后使用 NCBI 数据库进行同源序列分析,确定其为 P. aestus。通过磁盘扩散法评估了该分离物对 14 种抗菌药物的敏感性,结果表明它对多种药物具有耐药性。关于该环境假单胞菌菌株的研究主要集中在其潜在的生物杀灭剂生产用途和在农业环境中的应用上,据作者所知,目前还没有任何报告描述该菌株与人类或动物的传染性疾病有关,这凸显了制定旨在鉴定和描述临床环境中非传统耐多药假单胞菌的方案的重要性。
{"title":"<i>Pseudomonas aestus</i> Isolation from the Nasal Cavity of a Cat with Chronic Rhinitis.","authors":"Raquel Abreu, Sofia Mouro, Joana F Guerreiro, Sílvia A Sousa, Jorge H Leitão, Hugo Pissarra, Eva Cunha, Luís Tavares, Manuela Oliveira","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080382","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Pseudomonas</i> genus includes ubiquitous bacteria frequently described as animal and human opportunistic pathogens. A 9-year-old cat was referred for rhinoscopy at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal, for an investigation of the chronic respiratory signs. Upon rhinoscopy, nasal and nasopharyngeal discharge were observed, and the nasal turbinates showed signs of inflammation. The nasal biopsies were evaluated by histopathology and mycological and bacterial cultures. The histopathology revealed chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. The mycological culture was negative, but the bacterial culture revealed the growth of a bacterial isolate in the pure culture, identified as <i>P. aestus</i> by the sequencing of a 1750 bp PCR amplicon obtained with BCR1 and BCR2 primers, followed by homologous sequences analysis using the NCBI database. The isolate's susceptibility profile towards 14 antimicrobials was evaluated through the disk diffusion method, being observed that it presented a multidrug resistance profile. The studies available on this environmental <i>Pseudomonas</i> strain focused on its potential use for biocide production and application in agricultural settings, and, to the authors' best knowledge, there are no reports describing its association with infectious diseases in humans or animals, highlighting the importance of establishing protocols aiming at the identification and characterization of non-traditional, multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas</i> in the clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All subtypes of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) produce the alpha toxin (CPA), which can cause enteritis or enterotoxemia in lambs, cattle, pigs, and horses, as well as traumatic clostridial myonecrosis in humans and animals. CPA acts on cell membranes, ultimately leading to endocytosis and cell death. Therefore, the neutralization of CPA is crucial for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by C. perfringens. In this study, utilizing CPA as an antigen, a nanobody (CPA-VHH) with a half-life of 2.9 h, an affinity constant (KD) of 0.9 nmol/L, and good stability below 60 °C was prepared from a natural nanobody library from alpacas. The biological activity analysis of CPA-VHH revealed its ability to effectively neutralize the phospholipase and hemolytic activity of CPA at a 15-fold ratio. In Vero cells, 9.8 μg/mL CPA-VHH neutralized the cytotoxicity of CPA at two times the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). In a mouse model, 35.7 ng/g body weight (BW) of CPA-VHH neutralized 90% of the lethality caused by a 2× median lethal dose (LD50) of CPA. It was found that CPA-VHH protected 80% of mice within 30 min at 2 × LD50 CPA, but this dropped below 50% after 2 h and to 0% after 4 h. Rescue trials indicated that using CPA-VHH within 30 min post-infection with 2 × LD50 CPA achieved an 80% rescue rate, which decreased to 10% after 2 h. Furthermore, CPA-VHH effectively mitigated the reduction in the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1, while also attenuating the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induced by CPA infection. Overall, this study has identified a specific nanobody, CPA-VHH, that effectively neutralizes CPA toxins in vitro and in animal models, providing a new tool for inhibiting the pathogenicity resulting from these toxins and laying an important foundation for the development of new anti-C. perfringens toxin-related therapeutic products.
{"title":"Preparation and Application of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Alpha Toxin Nanobodies.","authors":"Qiong Jia, Hongrui Ren, Shuyin Zhang, Haoyu Yang, Shuaipeng Gao, Ruiwen Fan","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11080381","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11080381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All subtypes of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (<i>C. perfringens</i>) produce the alpha toxin (CPA), which can cause enteritis or enterotoxemia in lambs, cattle, pigs, and horses, as well as traumatic clostridial myonecrosis in humans and animals. CPA acts on cell membranes, ultimately leading to endocytosis and cell death. Therefore, the neutralization of CPA is crucial for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by <i>C. perfringens</i>. In this study, utilizing CPA as an antigen, a nanobody (CPA-VHH) with a half-life of 2.9 h, an affinity constant (KD) of 0.9 nmol/L, and good stability below 60 °C was prepared from a natural nanobody library from alpacas. The biological activity analysis of CPA-VHH revealed its ability to effectively neutralize the phospholipase and hemolytic activity of CPA at a 15-fold ratio. In Vero cells, 9.8 μg/mL CPA-VHH neutralized the cytotoxicity of CPA at two times the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>). In a mouse model, 35.7 ng/g body weight (BW) of CPA-VHH neutralized 90% of the lethality caused by a 2× median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of CPA. It was found that CPA-VHH protected 80% of mice within 30 min at 2 × LD<sub>50</sub> CPA, but this dropped below 50% after 2 h and to 0% after 4 h. Rescue trials indicated that using CPA-VHH within 30 min post-infection with 2 × LD<sub>50</sub> CPA achieved an 80% rescue rate, which decreased to 10% after 2 h. Furthermore, CPA-VHH effectively mitigated the reduction in the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1, while also attenuating the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induced by CPA infection. Overall, this study has identified a specific nanobody, CPA-VHH, that effectively neutralizes CPA toxins in vitro and in animal models, providing a new tool for inhibiting the pathogenicity resulting from these toxins and laying an important foundation for the development of new anti-<i>C. perfringens</i> toxin-related therapeutic products.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}