Céline Costa, Ana Patrícia Sousa, Grasiene Silva, Felisbina Queiroga, Ângela Martins, Daniela Andrade, Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira
Miranda donkeys are an endangered autochthonous breed of Portugal. The HemoCue WBC DIFF and HemoCue Hb 201 portable analyzers, developed as a simplified alternative method for total and differential WBC count and hemoglobin measurement, respectively, may be relevant tools in veterinary practice. This study aimed to validate these instruments using Miranda donkey blood samples. For the HemoCue WBC DIFF, most parameters showed acceptable intra- and inter-assay precision with coefficients of variation (CV) below 5%, except for monocytes and eosinophils with higher CVs. The HemoCue Hb 201 showed CVs of 1.98% and 4.07%. Linearity correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.53 to 0.99 for HemoCue WBC DIFF and 0.99 for HemoCue Hb 201. Significant levels for neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and Hb measurements varied. Comparisons with ProCyte Dx showed an excellent correlation for WBC (rs = 0.96), neutrophils (rs = 0.91), lymphocytes (rs = 0.94), and eosinophils (rs = 0.90) but a poor correlation for monocytes and basophils. The HemoCue Hb 201 showed a correlation of rs = 0.96 with ProCyte Dx. In conclusion, both analyzers provided reliable results and are suitable for use in Miranda's donkey breed for WBC counts and Hb measurements.
{"title":"Analytical Validation of Two Point-of-Care Assays for Hematological Analysis in the Miranda Donkey.","authors":"Céline Costa, Ana Patrícia Sousa, Grasiene Silva, Felisbina Queiroga, Ângela Martins, Daniela Andrade, Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Miranda donkeys are an endangered autochthonous breed of Portugal. The HemoCue WBC DIFF and HemoCue Hb 201 portable analyzers, developed as a simplified alternative method for total and differential WBC count and hemoglobin measurement, respectively, may be relevant tools in veterinary practice. This study aimed to validate these instruments using Miranda donkey blood samples. For the HemoCue WBC DIFF, most parameters showed acceptable intra- and inter-assay precision with coefficients of variation (CV) below 5%, except for monocytes and eosinophils with higher CVs. The HemoCue Hb 201 showed CVs of 1.98% and 4.07%. Linearity correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.53 to 0.99 for HemoCue WBC DIFF and 0.99 for HemoCue Hb 201. Significant levels for neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and Hb measurements varied. Comparisons with ProCyte Dx showed an excellent correlation for WBC (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.96), neutrophils (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.91), lymphocytes (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.94), and eosinophils (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.90) but a poor correlation for monocytes and basophils. The HemoCue Hb 201 showed a correlation of r<sub>s</sub> = 0.96 with ProCyte Dx. In conclusion, both analyzers provided reliable results and are suitable for use in Miranda's donkey breed for WBC counts and Hb measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira, Hugo Vilhena, Ana C Oliveira, José R Mendoza, Maria Garcia Aura, Josep Pastor
In dogs, the risk of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction at the first transfusion is negligible; however, mismatched transfusions may produce alloimmunization. To avoid fatal acute hemolytic reactions in subsequent blood transfusions, it is important to recognize blood groups and to blood type both the donor and the recipient. Prevalence of dog blood groups varies geographically and between breeds. Our aim was to determine DEA 1 prevalence in a canine population in Luanda (Angola) and to assess alloimmunization risk after a mismatched blood transfusion. Blood samples were typed using an immunochromatographic strip technique. Of the 112 dogs tested (59 males; 53 females), 52.68% were DEA 1 positive and 47.32% DEA 1 negative. Females tended to be DEA 1 positive, and males DEA 1 negative (p = 0.0085). In a first-time mismatched blood transfusion, the calculated probability of a dog becoming sensitized was 24.9% and the probability of an acute hemolytic reaction following a second incompatible blood transfusion was 6.21%. DEA 1 prevalence obtained was similar to that reported worldwide, but differs from other African countries. The risk of alloimmunization and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions in mismatched blood transfusions is higher than that in other African regions. Blood typing is recommended prior to transfusion.
对于狗来说,第一次输血时发生急性溶血性输血反应的风险微乎其微;但是,不匹配的输血可能会产生同种免疫。为了避免在以后的输血中发生致命的急性溶血反应,识别血型以及对献血者和受血者进行血型鉴定非常重要。狗的血型流行情况因地域和品种而异。我们的目的是确定罗安达(安哥拉)犬群中 DEA 1 的流行率,并评估不匹配输血后的同种免疫风险。我们使用免疫层析技术对血样进行了分型。在接受检测的 112 只狗(59 只雄性;53 只雌性)中,52.68% 呈 DEA 1 阳性,47.32% 呈 DEA 1 阴性。雌性倾向于 DEA 1 阳性,雄性倾向于 DEA 1 阴性(p = 0.0085)。在首次不匹配输血中,计算出的狗致敏的概率为 24.9%,而在第二次不匹配输血后发生急性溶血反应的概率为 6.21%。DEA 1 的流行率与全球报告的流行率相似,但与其他非洲国家不同。在不匹配输血中发生同种免疫和急性溶血性输血反应的风险高于其他非洲地区。建议在输血前进行血型鉴定。
{"title":"Dog Blood Type DEA 1 in Two Municipalities of Luanda Province of Angola (Sub-Saharan Africa).","authors":"Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira, Hugo Vilhena, Ana C Oliveira, José R Mendoza, Maria Garcia Aura, Josep Pastor","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In dogs, the risk of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction at the first transfusion is negligible; however, mismatched transfusions may produce alloimmunization. To avoid fatal acute hemolytic reactions in subsequent blood transfusions, it is important to recognize blood groups and to blood type both the donor and the recipient. Prevalence of dog blood groups varies geographically and between breeds. Our aim was to determine DEA 1 prevalence in a canine population in Luanda (Angola) and to assess alloimmunization risk after a mismatched blood transfusion. Blood samples were typed using an immunochromatographic strip technique. Of the 112 dogs tested (59 males; 53 females), 52.68% were DEA 1 positive and 47.32% DEA 1 negative. Females tended to be DEA 1 positive, and males DEA 1 negative (<i>p</i> = 0.0085). In a first-time mismatched blood transfusion, the calculated probability of a dog becoming sensitized was 24.9% and the probability of an acute hemolytic reaction following a second incompatible blood transfusion was 6.21%. DEA 1 prevalence obtained was similar to that reported worldwide, but differs from other African countries. The risk of alloimmunization and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions in mismatched blood transfusions is higher than that in other African regions. Blood typing is recommended prior to transfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingang Yu, Hui Xu, Xuanru Mu, Kaijian Yuan, Yilong Li, Nuo Xu, Qiaoyu Li, Wenjing Zeng, Shengfeng Chen, Yang Hong
Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Blastocystis spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are four common zoonotic parasites associated with severe diarrhea and enteric diseases. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of these four zoonotic protozoans in goat stool samples and assessed its detection efficiency. Specific primers were designed from conserved gene sequences retrieved from GenBank, and the PCR conditions were optimized. Genomic DNA from 130 samples was subjected to both single-target PCR and multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR assay successfully amplified specific gene fragments (G. duodenalis, 1400 bp; C. parvum, 755 bp; Blastocystis spp., 573 bp; E. bieneusi, 314 bp). The assay sensitivity was ≥102 copies of pathogenic DNA clones with high specificity confirmed by negative results for other intestinal parasites. The detection rates were 23.08% (30/130) for G. duodenalis, 24.62% (32/130) for C. parvum, 41.54% (54/130) for Blastocystis spp., and 12.31% (16/130) for E. bieneusi, matching the single-target PCR results. The sensitivity and predictive values were 100.00%. This multiplex PCR provided a rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for detecting these four parasites. It also provided essential technical support for the rapid detection and epidemiological investigation of G. duodenalis, C. parvum, Blastocystis spp., and E. bieneusi infections in goat fecal samples.
{"title":"A Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i>, <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>, <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> in Goats.","authors":"Xingang Yu, Hui Xu, Xuanru Mu, Kaijian Yuan, Yilong Li, Nuo Xu, Qiaoyu Li, Wenjing Zeng, Shengfeng Chen, Yang Hong","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Giardia duodenalis</i>, <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>, <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> are four common zoonotic parasites associated with severe diarrhea and enteric diseases. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of these four zoonotic protozoans in goat stool samples and assessed its detection efficiency. Specific primers were designed from conserved gene sequences retrieved from GenBank, and the PCR conditions were optimized. Genomic DNA from 130 samples was subjected to both single-target PCR and multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR assay successfully amplified specific gene fragments (<i>G. duodenalis</i>, 1400 bp; <i>C. parvum</i>, 755 bp; <i>Blastocystis</i> spp., 573 bp; <i>E. bieneusi</i>, 314 bp). The assay sensitivity was ≥10<sup>2</sup> copies of pathogenic DNA clones with high specificity confirmed by negative results for other intestinal parasites. The detection rates were 23.08% (30/130) for <i>G. duodenalis</i>, 24.62% (32/130) for <i>C. parvum</i>, 41.54% (54/130) for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp., and 12.31% (16/130) for <i>E. bieneusi</i>, matching the single-target PCR results. The sensitivity and predictive values were 100.00%. This multiplex PCR provided a rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for detecting these four parasites. It also provided essential technical support for the rapid detection and epidemiological investigation of <i>G. duodenalis</i>, <i>C. parvum</i>, <i>Blastocystis</i> spp., and <i>E. bieneusi</i> infections in goat fecal samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhimin Dong, Cheng Li, Xiangxue Tian, Xiaoran Guo, Xiuli Li, Weike Ren, Jingjing Chi, Li Zhang, Fuqiang Li, Yao Zhu, Wanjiang Zhang, Minghua Yan
The sugC gene of Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a coding gene for the ATP-binding transporter-associated protein with strong pathogenicity. In order to reveal the effect of the sugC gene on the virulence of S. suis serotype 2, a wild-type strain of TJS75, isolated from fattening pigs' brain tissue samples, was used as a parent strain, and a knockout sugC gene (ΔsugC) and complementary strain (CΔsugC) were successfully constructed via homologous recombination technology. The biological characteristics of TJS75, ΔsugC and CΔsugC were compared and analyzed through growth curves, biochemical characteristics, hemolysis characteristics, cell infection tests and pathogenicity tests on BALB/c mice. The results of the growth characteristic experiments in vitro showed that the plateau stage growth period of ΔsugC was delayed compared to the TJS75 strain, but there was no difference in the total number of bacteria. The biochemical characteristics and hemolysis ability of ΔsugC in sheep blood had no difference compared with TJS75, but its adhesion and invasion abilities in PK-15 cells were decreased. Knockout of the sugC gene had no impact on the expression levels of adhesion-related genes in TJS75 in real-time PCR analysis. In addition, the LD50 of ΔsugC in BALB/c mice was 1.47 × 108 CFU, seven times higher than that of TJS75 (LD50 = 2.15 × 107 CFU). These results illustrate that the deletion of sugC reduced the virulence of TJS75 to BALB/c mice, but its role in the adhesion and invasion of PK-15 cells in this strain needs to be further explored. In summary, this study provides evidence that the sugC gene is a virulence-related gene in the S. suis serotype 2 strain and plays a crucial role in the adhesion and invasion of S. suis. This study lays a foundation for the further exploration of the potential virulence factors and pathogenesis of S. suis.
{"title":"Characterization Studies on the <i>sugC</i> Gene of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> Serotype 2 in Adhesion, Invasion, and Virulence in Mice.","authors":"Zhimin Dong, Cheng Li, Xiangxue Tian, Xiaoran Guo, Xiuli Li, Weike Ren, Jingjing Chi, Li Zhang, Fuqiang Li, Yao Zhu, Wanjiang Zhang, Minghua Yan","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>sugC</i> gene of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> (<i>S. suis</i>) is a coding gene for the ATP-binding transporter-associated protein with strong pathogenicity. In order to reveal the effect of the <i>sugC</i> gene on the virulence of <i>S. suis</i> serotype 2, a wild-type strain of TJS75, isolated from fattening pigs' brain tissue samples, was used as a parent strain, and a knockout <i>sugC</i> gene (Δ<i>sugC</i>) and complementary strain (CΔ<i>sugC</i>) were successfully constructed via homologous recombination technology. The biological characteristics of TJS75, Δ<i>sugC</i> and CΔ<i>sugC</i> were compared and analyzed through growth curves, biochemical characteristics, hemolysis characteristics, cell infection tests and pathogenicity tests on BALB/c mice. The results of the growth characteristic experiments in vitro showed that the plateau stage growth period of Δ<i>sugC</i> was delayed compared to the TJS75 strain, but there was no difference in the total number of bacteria. The biochemical characteristics and hemolysis ability of Δ<i>sugC</i> in sheep blood had no difference compared with TJS75, but its adhesion and invasion abilities in PK-15 cells were decreased. Knockout of the <i>sugC</i> gene had no impact on the expression levels of adhesion-related genes in TJS75 in real-time PCR analysis. In addition, the LD<sub>50</sub> of Δ<i>sugC</i> in BALB/c mice was 1.47 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU, seven times higher than that of TJS75 (LD<sub>50</sub> = 2.15 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU). These results illustrate that the deletion of <i>sugC</i> reduced the virulence of TJS75 to BALB/c mice, but its role in the adhesion and invasion of PK-15 cells in this strain needs to be further explored. In summary, this study provides evidence that the <i>sugC</i> gene is a virulence-related gene in the <i>S. suis</i> serotype 2 strain and plays a crucial role in the adhesion and invasion of <i>S. suis</i>. This study lays a foundation for the further exploration of the potential virulence factors and pathogenesis of <i>S. suis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro J Vallejo-Mateo, María D Contreras-Aguilar, Alberto Muñoz-Prieto, María Botia, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Camila Peres Rubio, Rasa Zelvyte, José J Cerón, Lorena Franco-Martínez
Metritis affects 5-20% of cows after parturition, negatively impacting animal welfare and the profitability of dairy farms, increasing culling rates and costs, and decreasing productivity and reproduction rates. This study compared the results of a comprehensive biochemical panel consisting of 25 salivary and 31 serum analytes between healthy cows (n = 16) and cows with metritis (n = 12). Descriptive parameters such as depression, rectal temperature, body condition score (BCS), heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous color, ruminal motility, vaginal discharge, milk production, and complete hematology analyses were also assessed for comparative purposes. The biochemistry analytes comprised five analytes related to stress, five to inflammation, five to oxidative status, and nineteen to general metabolism. The two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that, in saliva, eight biomarkers (lipase, adenosine deaminase (ADA), haptoglobin (Hp), total proteins, g-glutamyl transferase (gGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine kinase (CK)) were significant higher in cows with metritis. In serum, eight biomarkers (ADA, Hp, serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, ferritin, AOPPs/albumin ratio, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and bilirubin) were significantly higher in cows with metritis, whereas six (total esterase (TEA), albumin, urea, lactate, phosphorus, and calcium) were lower. Of the total number of 23 biomarkers that were measured in both saliva and serum, significant positive correlations between the two biofluids were found for six of them (Hp, FRAP, CUPRAC, AOPPs, urea, and phosphorus). Urea showed an R = 0.7, and the correlations of the other analytes were weak (R < 0.4). In conclusion, cows with metritis exhibited differences in biomarkers of stress, inflammation, cellular immune system, and general metabolism in both salivary and serum biochemistry profiles. These changes were of different magnitudes in the two biofluids. In addition, with the exception of ADA and Hp, the analytes that showed changes in the saliva and serum profiles of cows affected by metritis were different. Overall, this report opens a new window for the use of saliva as potential source of biomarkers in cows with metritis.
5%-20%的奶牛在产后会患上元气大伤,对动物福利和奶牛场的盈利能力产生负面影响,增加淘汰率和成本,降低生产率和繁殖率。本研究比较了健康奶牛(16 头)和患有元气大伤的奶牛(12 头)的 25 种唾液和 31 种血清分析物的综合生化分析结果。为便于比较,还对抑郁、直肠温度、体况评分(BCS)、心率、呼吸频率、粘液颜色、瘤胃蠕动、阴道分泌物、产奶量等描述性参数以及全血细胞分析进行了评估。生化分析包括与应激有关的五项分析、与炎症有关的五项分析、与氧化状态有关的五项分析和与一般代谢有关的十九项分析。双向方差分析显示,在唾液中,患有甲沟炎的奶牛的八种生物标记物(脂肪酶、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、血红蛋白(Hp)、总蛋白、谷氨酰转移酶(gGT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和肌酸激酶(CK))显著升高。在血清中,有8种生物标志物(ADA、Hp、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、纤维蛋白原、铁蛋白、AOPPs/白蛋白比值、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFAs)和胆红素)在患甲炎的奶牛中明显升高,而有6种生物标志物(总酯酶(TEA)、白蛋白、尿素、乳酸盐、磷和钙)在患甲炎的奶牛中降低。在唾液和血清中测定的 23 种生物标志物中,有 6 种(Hp、FRAP、CUPRAC、AOPPs、尿素和磷)在两种生物流体之间存在显著的正相关性。尿素的 R = 0.7,其他分析物的相关性较弱(R < 0.4)。总之,患有元气大伤的奶牛在唾液和血清生化指标中的应激、炎症、细胞免疫系统和一般代谢的生物标志物方面表现出差异。这些变化在两种生物流体中的程度不同。此外,除了 ADA 和 Hp 外,受元气淋巴结炎影响的奶牛唾液和血清中的分析物也发生了变化。总之,本报告为将唾液作为患有甲形炎的奶牛的潜在生物标志物来源打开了一扇新窗口。
{"title":"Saliva as a Potential Source of Biomarkers in Cows with Metritis: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Pedro J Vallejo-Mateo, María D Contreras-Aguilar, Alberto Muñoz-Prieto, María Botia, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Camila Peres Rubio, Rasa Zelvyte, José J Cerón, Lorena Franco-Martínez","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metritis affects 5-20% of cows after parturition, negatively impacting animal welfare and the profitability of dairy farms, increasing culling rates and costs, and decreasing productivity and reproduction rates. This study compared the results of a comprehensive biochemical panel consisting of 25 salivary and 31 serum analytes between healthy cows (<i>n</i> = 16) and cows with metritis (<i>n</i> = 12). Descriptive parameters such as depression, rectal temperature, body condition score (BCS), heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous color, ruminal motility, vaginal discharge, milk production, and complete hematology analyses were also assessed for comparative purposes. The biochemistry analytes comprised five analytes related to stress, five to inflammation, five to oxidative status, and nineteen to general metabolism. The two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that, in saliva, eight biomarkers (lipase, adenosine deaminase (ADA), haptoglobin (Hp), total proteins, g-glutamyl transferase (gGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine kinase (CK)) were significant higher in cows with metritis. In serum, eight biomarkers (ADA, Hp, serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, ferritin, AOPPs/albumin ratio, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and bilirubin) were significantly higher in cows with metritis, whereas six (total esterase (TEA), albumin, urea, lactate, phosphorus, and calcium) were lower. Of the total number of 23 biomarkers that were measured in both saliva and serum, significant positive correlations between the two biofluids were found for six of them (Hp, FRAP, CUPRAC, AOPPs, urea, and phosphorus). Urea showed an R = 0.7, and the correlations of the other analytes were weak (R < 0.4). In conclusion, cows with metritis exhibited differences in biomarkers of stress, inflammation, cellular immune system, and general metabolism in both salivary and serum biochemistry profiles. These changes were of different magnitudes in the two biofluids. In addition, with the exception of ADA and Hp, the analytes that showed changes in the saliva and serum profiles of cows affected by metritis were different. Overall, this report opens a new window for the use of saliva as potential source of biomarkers in cows with metritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
İlktan Bastan, Fırat Korkmaz, Derya Şahin, Seher Şimşek, Ufuk Kaya
ProAKAP4 is a sperm structural protein that regulates motility through the PKA-dependent cAMP signaling pathway, which is synthesized as an X chromosome-linked member of the gene family. This study aims to determine the optimal level of proAKAP4 for evaluating sexed semen through investigating its relationship with the longevity of sperm quality in sexed Holstein bull sperm. A total of 30 sexed sperm samples (bearing X chromosomes) from 30 distinct Holstein bulls (n = 30) were analyzed. The frozen bull sperm samples were assessed for their proAKAP4 levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (PMAI), and spermatozoa movement parameters at hours 0 and 3 after thawing. The proAKAP4 levels in the sexed sperm samples ranged from 16.35 to 72.10 ng/10 M spz, with an average of 37.18 ± 15.1 ng/10 M spz. A strong positive correlation was observed between proAKAP4 levels and total motility, progressive motility, PMAI, high mitochondrial membrane potential, VAP, and VCL values after 3 h of incubation, when compared to post-thaw analyses. The results also reveal that spermatozoa with proAKAP4 levels of ≥40 ng/10 M spz exhibit higher quality. In conclusion, the level of proAKAP4 in sexed sperm aligns with previous studies and shows potential as a biomarker for assessing the longevity of sexed sperm quality.
{"title":"Assessing the Relationship between proAKAP4 Level and Longevity of Sexed Sperm Quality after Thawing.","authors":"İlktan Bastan, Fırat Korkmaz, Derya Şahin, Seher Şimşek, Ufuk Kaya","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ProAKAP4 is a sperm structural protein that regulates motility through the PKA-dependent cAMP signaling pathway, which is synthesized as an X chromosome-linked member of the gene family. This study aims to determine the optimal level of proAKAP4 for evaluating sexed semen through investigating its relationship with the longevity of sperm quality in sexed Holstein bull sperm. A total of 30 sexed sperm samples (bearing X chromosomes) from 30 distinct Holstein bulls (<i>n</i> = 30) were analyzed. The frozen bull sperm samples were assessed for their proAKAP4 levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (PMAI), and spermatozoa movement parameters at hours 0 and 3 after thawing. The proAKAP4 levels in the sexed sperm samples ranged from 16.35 to 72.10 ng/10 M spz, with an average of 37.18 ± 15.1 ng/10 M spz. A strong positive correlation was observed between proAKAP4 levels and total motility, progressive motility, PMAI, high mitochondrial membrane potential, VAP, and VCL values after 3 h of incubation, when compared to post-thaw analyses. The results also reveal that spermatozoa with proAKAP4 levels of ≥40 ng/10 M spz exhibit higher quality. In conclusion, the level of proAKAP4 in sexed sperm aligns with previous studies and shows potential as a biomarker for assessing the longevity of sexed sperm quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yabing Wang, Guangde Qiao, Yanfeng Yue, Shiming Peng, Hongtuo Fu
Macrobrachium nipponense, a commercially popular crustacean species within the Chinese context, is recognized for its exceptional nutritional composition and palatability. There are significant differences in growth between male and female M. nipponense. Herein, transcriptomics was used to determine the hepatopancreas transcriptome differences between sex-related size differences in M. nipponense. We identified 974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the SHE (female) and BHE (male) groups, which were validated using RT-qPCR. The genes encoding matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MM9), Ribosome-binding protein 1 (RBP1), Aly/REF export factor 2, and hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) may play a role in modulating the sex-related size differences observed in M. nipponense. Clusters of orthologous groups and gene ontology functional analysis demonstrated that the DEGs for sex-related size in M.nipponense were associated with various biological functions. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analysis demonstrated that upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in lysine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and lysine degradation pathways, whereas the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, retinol metabolism, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathways. The results indicated the molecular mechanism underlying the sex-related size differences and identified key genes. This data will be invaluable to support explanations of individual differences between male and female prawns.
{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis of the Hepatopancreas in the Sex-Related Size Differences of <i>Macrobrachium nipponense</i>.","authors":"Yabing Wang, Guangde Qiao, Yanfeng Yue, Shiming Peng, Hongtuo Fu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Macrobrachium nipponense</i>, a commercially popular crustacean species within the Chinese context, is recognized for its exceptional nutritional composition and palatability. There are significant differences in growth between male and female <i>M. nipponense</i>. Herein, transcriptomics was used to determine the hepatopancreas transcriptome differences between sex-related size differences in <i>M. nipponense</i>. We identified 974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the SHE (female) and BHE (male) groups, which were validated using RT-qPCR. The genes encoding matrix metalloproteinase-9 (<i>MM9</i>), Ribosome-binding protein 1 (<i>RBP1</i>), Aly/REF export factor 2, and hematological and neurological expressed 1 (<i>HN1</i>) may play a role in modulating the sex-related size differences observed in <i>M. nipponense</i>. Clusters of orthologous groups and gene ontology functional analysis demonstrated that the DEGs for sex-related size in <i>M.nipponense</i> were associated with various biological functions. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analysis demonstrated that upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in lysine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and lysine degradation pathways, whereas the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, retinol metabolism, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathways. The results indicated the molecular mechanism underlying the sex-related size differences and identified key genes. This data will be invaluable to support explanations of individual differences between male and female prawns.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bojan Papić, Lucija Žvokelj, Metka Pislak Ocepek, Barbara Hočevar, Monika Kozar, Rene Rus, Urška Zajc, Darja Kušar
American foulbrood (AFB) is a serious infectious disease of honeybees (Apis mellifera) caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Increased P. larvae count in hive-related material is associated with an increased risk of AFB. Here, we quantified P. larvae cells in 106 adult bee and 97 hive debris samples using quantitative PCR (qPCR); 66/106 adult bee and 66/97 hive debris samples were collected simultaneously from the same bee colony (paired-sample design). The corresponding bee colonies were also examined for the presence of AFB clinical signs. A binary logistic regression model to distinguish between AFB-affected and unaffected honeybee colonies showed a strong diagnostic accuracy of both sample types for predicting the onset of AFB based on P. larvae counts determined by qPCR. The colonies with a P. larvae count greater than 4.5 log cells/adult bee or 7.3 log cells/mL hive debris had a 50% probability of being clinically affected and were categorized as high-risk. The AFB-unaffected colonies had significantly lower P. larvae counts than the AFB-affected colonies, but the latter did not differ significantly in P. larvae counts in relation to the severity of clinical signs. Both bee-related sample types had a high diagnostic value for predicting disease outcome based on P. larvae counts. These results improve the understanding of the relationship between P. larvae counts and AFB occurrence, which is essential for early detection of high-risk colonies.
美洲臭孢子虫病(AFB)是蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)的一种严重传染病,由Paenibacillus幼虫引起。蜂巢相关材料中P.幼虫数量的增加与AFB风险的增加有关。在此,我们使用定量 PCR(qPCR)技术对 106 个成年蜜蜂样本和 97 个蜂巢残片样本中的 P. 幼虫细胞进行了定量分析;66/106 个成年蜜蜂样本和 66/97 个蜂巢残片样本是从同一蜂群中同时采集的(配对样本设计)。同时还检查了相应蜂群是否出现 AFB 临床症状。通过二元逻辑回归模型来区分受 AFB 影响的蜂群和未受影响的蜂群,结果显示,根据 qPCR 测定的 P. larvae 数量,两种样本类型在预测 AFB 发病方面都有很高的诊断准确性。P.幼虫计数大于 4.5 log cells/成年蜂或 7.3 log cells/mL蜂巢残片的蜂群有 50%的概率受到临床影响,被归类为高风险蜂群。未受 AFB 影响的蜂群的 P. 幼虫数量明显低于受 AFB 影响的蜂群,但后者的 P. 幼虫数量与临床症状的严重程度并无明显差异。两种与蜜蜂相关的样本类型在根据P. larvae计数预测疾病结果方面都具有很高的诊断价值。这些结果加深了人们对 P. 幼虫数量与 AFB 发生率之间关系的理解,这对早期发现高风险蜂群至关重要。
{"title":"The Diagnostic Value of qPCR Quantification of <i>Paenibacillus larvae</i> in Hive Debris and Adult Bees for Predicting the Onset of American Foulbrood.","authors":"Bojan Papić, Lucija Žvokelj, Metka Pislak Ocepek, Barbara Hočevar, Monika Kozar, Rene Rus, Urška Zajc, Darja Kušar","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>American foulbrood (AFB) is a serious infectious disease of honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) caused by <i>Paenibacillus larvae</i>. Increased <i>P. larvae</i> count in hive-related material is associated with an increased risk of AFB. Here, we quantified <i>P. larvae</i> cells in 106 adult bee and 97 hive debris samples using quantitative PCR (qPCR); 66/106 adult bee and 66/97 hive debris samples were collected simultaneously from the same bee colony (paired-sample design). The corresponding bee colonies were also examined for the presence of AFB clinical signs. A binary logistic regression model to distinguish between AFB-affected and unaffected honeybee colonies showed a strong diagnostic accuracy of both sample types for predicting the onset of AFB based on <i>P. larvae</i> counts determined by qPCR. The colonies with a <i>P. larvae</i> count greater than 4.5 log cells/adult bee or 7.3 log cells/mL hive debris had a 50% probability of being clinically affected and were categorized as high-risk. The AFB-unaffected colonies had significantly lower <i>P. larvae</i> counts than the AFB-affected colonies, but the latter did not differ significantly in <i>P. larvae</i> counts in relation to the severity of clinical signs. Both bee-related sample types had a high diagnostic value for predicting disease outcome based on <i>P. larvae</i> counts. These results improve the understanding of the relationship between <i>P. larvae</i> counts and AFB occurrence, which is essential for early detection of high-risk colonies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saran Chhoey, Soyeon Kim, Eunjee Kim, Dongjae Lee, Kroesna Kang, Sath Keo, Jezie Alix Acorda, Junghee Yoon, Jihye Choi
Administering intraluminal fluid can improve the acoustic window for the visualization of the lumen and wall layers in the cavitary organs. Microbubbles in ultrasound contrast agents can also be used for intracavitary applications to enhance visualization of the lesion in human patients. However, there was no literature extending the clinical application of intraluminal contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to patients with naturally occurring diseases in veterinary medicine. This case series aims to describe the detailed application and diagnostic value of intraluminal CEUS in six clinical cases with naturally occurring gastrointestinal (GI) and urinary tract diseases.
{"title":"Intraluminal Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Application in Dogs and Cats.","authors":"Saran Chhoey, Soyeon Kim, Eunjee Kim, Dongjae Lee, Kroesna Kang, Sath Keo, Jezie Alix Acorda, Junghee Yoon, Jihye Choi","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Administering intraluminal fluid can improve the acoustic window for the visualization of the lumen and wall layers in the cavitary organs. Microbubbles in ultrasound contrast agents can also be used for intracavitary applications to enhance visualization of the lesion in human patients. However, there was no literature extending the clinical application of intraluminal contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to patients with naturally occurring diseases in veterinary medicine. This case series aims to describe the detailed application and diagnostic value of intraluminal CEUS in six clinical cases with naturally occurring gastrointestinal (GI) and urinary tract diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melisa Faydaver, Valeria Festinese, Oriana Di Giacinto, Mohammad El Khatib, Marcello Raspa, Ferdinando Scavizzi, Fabrizio Bonaventura, Valentina Mastrorilli, Paolo Berardinelli, Barbara Barboni, Valentina Russo
Unsuccessful tendon healing leads to fibrosis and occasionally calcification. In these metaplastic drifts, the mouse AT preclinical injury model represents a robust experimental setting for studying tendon calcifications. Previously, calcium deposits were found in about 30% of tendons after 28 days post-injury. Although a neuromediated healing process has previously been documented, the expression patterns of NF200, NGF, NPY, GAL, and CGRP in mouse AT and their roles in metaplastic calcific repair remain to be explored. This study included a spatiotemporal analysis of these neuromarkers during the inflammatory phase (7 days p.i.) and the proliferative/early-remodelling phase (28 days p.i.). While the inflammatory phase is characterised by NF200 and CGRP upregulation, in the 28 days p.i., the non-calcified tendons (n = 16/24) showed overall NGF, NPY, GAL, and CGRP upregulation (compared to 7 days post-injury) and a return of NF200 expression to values similar to pre-injury. Presenting a different picture, in calcified tendons (n = 8), NF200 persisted at high levels, while NGF and NPY significantly increased, resulting in a higher NPY/CGRP ratio. Therefore, high levels of NF200 and imbalance between vasoconstrictive (NPY) and vasodilatory (CGRP) neuromarkers may be indicative of calcification. Tendon cells contributed to the synthesis of neuromarkers, suggesting that their neuro-autocrine/paracrine role is exerted by coordinating growth factors, cytokines, and neuropeptides. These findings offer insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of early tendon healing and identify new neuromarker profiles predictive of tendon healing outcomes.
{"title":"Predictive Neuromarker Patterns for Calcification Metaplasia in Early Tendon Healing.","authors":"Melisa Faydaver, Valeria Festinese, Oriana Di Giacinto, Mohammad El Khatib, Marcello Raspa, Ferdinando Scavizzi, Fabrizio Bonaventura, Valentina Mastrorilli, Paolo Berardinelli, Barbara Barboni, Valentina Russo","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11090441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unsuccessful tendon healing leads to fibrosis and occasionally calcification. In these metaplastic drifts, the mouse AT preclinical injury model represents a robust experimental setting for studying tendon calcifications. Previously, calcium deposits were found in about 30% of tendons after 28 days post-injury. Although a neuromediated healing process has previously been documented, the expression patterns of NF200, NGF, NPY, GAL, and CGRP in mouse AT and their roles in metaplastic calcific repair remain to be explored. This study included a spatiotemporal analysis of these neuromarkers during the inflammatory phase (7 days p.i.) and the proliferative/early-remodelling phase (28 days p.i.). While the inflammatory phase is characterised by NF200 and CGRP upregulation, in the 28 days p.i., the non-calcified tendons (<i>n</i> = 16/24) showed overall NGF, NPY, GAL, and CGRP upregulation (compared to 7 days post-injury) and a return of NF200 expression to values similar to pre-injury. Presenting a different picture, in calcified tendons (<i>n</i> = 8), NF200 persisted at high levels, while NGF and NPY significantly increased, resulting in a higher NPY/CGRP ratio. Therefore, high levels of NF200 and imbalance between vasoconstrictive (NPY) and vasodilatory (CGRP) neuromarkers may be indicative of calcification. Tendon cells contributed to the synthesis of neuromarkers, suggesting that their neuro-autocrine/paracrine role is exerted by coordinating growth factors, cytokines, and neuropeptides. These findings offer insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of early tendon healing and identify new neuromarker profiles predictive of tendon healing outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}