World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering最新文献
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.37394/232031.2023.2.1
I. Diaconescu
The thermodynamic analysis of irreversible processes has an important influence in energy efficiency growing of any thermodynamic processes or systems. All of thermodynamic processes are entropy generators but there are processes with such a high level of irreversibility so that couldn’t be ignored. That is why is so important to identify what causes entropy generation and also to identify those system components that contribute the most to the overall irreversibility of the thermodynamic system. One of the processes with the highest level of entropy generation is flow with friction in various ducts and flow networks such as control valves. In order to see the direct connection between frictional pressure drop and thermodynamic irreversibility the paper will firstly analyze the steady and adiabatic flow of pure substance through a short segment of pipe with variable section (control valve). Because the entropy generation value during the throttling process is proportional to control valve pressure drop, the paper will do a flow thermodynamic analysis inside the control valve and the conclusions about drop pressure in different working conditions will be taken. Pressure drops along a valve are not constant, but rather vary in relation to the port left open by the plug. They normally increase as the valve narrowest section is reduced, although the upstream drop does increase at a slower rate than the downstream one. Actual increases and decreases in pressure drop and their effects are related to valve type and flow direction. It can be deduced that, for all types, pressure drops increase at flow tending to close, mainly as a result of the increased drop generated downstream. Also, the paper will take into account the drop pressure variation during the substance flow and will be analyzed its influence on the process irreversibility. In the same time, the paper will analyze the change of state influence during the liquid throttling process on the entropy generation, in situations of low titer bipolar phase fluid or high titer bi-phase fluid and will identify this phenomenon effects and remedies.
{"title":"Entropic Analysis of Processes in Control Valves","authors":"I. Diaconescu","doi":"10.37394/232031.2023.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232031.2023.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The thermodynamic analysis of irreversible processes has an important influence in energy efficiency growing of any thermodynamic processes or systems. All of thermodynamic processes are entropy generators but there are processes with such a high level of irreversibility so that couldn’t be ignored. That is why is so important to identify what causes entropy generation and also to identify those system components that contribute the most to the overall irreversibility of the thermodynamic system. One of the processes with the highest level of entropy generation is flow with friction in various ducts and flow networks such as control valves. In order to see the direct connection between frictional pressure drop and thermodynamic irreversibility the paper will firstly analyze the steady and adiabatic flow of pure substance through a short segment of pipe with variable section (control valve). Because the entropy generation value during the throttling process is proportional to control valve pressure drop, the paper will do a flow thermodynamic analysis inside the control valve and the conclusions about drop pressure in different working conditions will be taken. Pressure drops along a valve are not constant, but rather vary in relation to the port left open by the plug. They normally increase as the valve narrowest section is reduced, although the upstream drop does increase at a slower rate than the downstream one. Actual increases and decreases in pressure drop and their effects are related to valve type and flow direction. It can be deduced that, for all types, pressure drops increase at flow tending to close, mainly as a result of the increased drop generated downstream. Also, the paper will take into account the drop pressure variation during the substance flow and will be analyzed its influence on the process irreversibility. In the same time, the paper will analyze the change of state influence during the liquid throttling process on the entropy generation, in situations of low titer bipolar phase fluid or high titer bi-phase fluid and will identify this phenomenon effects and remedies.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88892085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.37394/232031.2022.1.5
O. Manaenkov, O. Kislitsa
In this work, a procedure for the synthesis of polymeric sorbents based on hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) with magnetic properties was developed. The technique is based on the reduction of iron salts with polyhydric alcohols at high temperature in an inert atmosphere. The resulting sorbents retain their original characteristics: an extended specific surface area, micro-mesoporous structure, acquiring magnetic properties, which makes it possible to use them as magnetically separable sorbents, supports for the active phase of heterogeneous catalytic systems etc.
{"title":"Synthesis of Polymeric Sorbents with Magnetic Properties","authors":"O. Manaenkov, O. Kislitsa","doi":"10.37394/232031.2022.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232031.2022.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a procedure for the synthesis of polymeric sorbents based on hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) with magnetic properties was developed. The technique is based on the reduction of iron salts with polyhydric alcohols at high temperature in an inert atmosphere. The resulting sorbents retain their original characteristics: an extended specific surface area, micro-mesoporous structure, acquiring magnetic properties, which makes it possible to use them as magnetically separable sorbents, supports for the active phase of heterogeneous catalytic systems etc.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77062582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.37394/232031.2022.1.3
Thitiwut Sathapornbumrungpao, Donwiwat Moonjud, U. Leeton
Currently, almost every lithium-ion used in many electronic products has new capabilities. When the battery's capacity is too large or insufficient, the battery's performance will be damaged. A battery management system (BMS) is currently order from China and other countries. This is expensive, thousands of, and cannot be modified. This research aims to design and develop an NMC18650 lithium-ion battery used in the battery management system (BMS) 3 cells of 12 Vdc can provide the highest circuit of 2000 mAh as a microcontroller to program according to the configuration of researchers. In this study, the discharge test's effect was 0.5A. The results show that the critical point decreases at 2.8 Vdc This battery management system will lower the discharge voltage of any battery by 3 Vdc To prevent danger from occurring in the battery.
{"title":"Battery Management System Using Relay Contactor by Arduino Controller for Lithium-ion Battery","authors":"Thitiwut Sathapornbumrungpao, Donwiwat Moonjud, U. Leeton","doi":"10.37394/232031.2022.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232031.2022.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, almost every lithium-ion used in many electronic products has new capabilities. When the battery's capacity is too large or insufficient, the battery's performance will be damaged. A battery management system (BMS) is currently order from China and other countries. This is expensive, thousands of, and cannot be modified. This research aims to design and develop an NMC18650 lithium-ion battery used in the battery management system (BMS) 3 cells of 12 Vdc can provide the highest circuit of 2000 mAh as a microcontroller to program according to the configuration of researchers. In this study, the discharge test's effect was 0.5A. The results show that the critical point decreases at 2.8 Vdc This battery management system will lower the discharge voltage of any battery by 3 Vdc To prevent danger from occurring in the battery.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91000447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.37394/232031.2022.1.2
E. Matrozova, L. Revin
Broadband classical detection of THz radiation by a YBaCuO Josephson junction was studied on the basis of resistively-capacitively shunted junction model. Numerical simulation was based on the parameters of the samples experimentally studied in other works at nitrogen temperatures. It is shown that taking into account the damping of the Josephson junction becomes essential for high frequencies of external signal. The absolute value of responsivity decreases as junction capacitance increases. Damping parameter also influences the choice of optimal IC and RN parameters.
{"title":"Broadband THz Detection by YBaCuO Josephson Junctions Having Finite Capacitance","authors":"E. Matrozova, L. Revin","doi":"10.37394/232031.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232031.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband classical detection of THz radiation by a YBaCuO Josephson junction was studied on the basis of resistively-capacitively shunted junction model. Numerical simulation was based on the parameters of the samples experimentally studied in other works at nitrogen temperatures. It is shown that taking into account the damping of the Josephson junction becomes essential for high frequencies of external signal. The absolute value of responsivity decreases as junction capacitance increases. Damping parameter also influences the choice of optimal IC and RN parameters.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"776 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78841296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.37394/232031.2022.1.4
Zakiya Rahmat-Ullah, M. Abdallah, S. Bhattacharjee, A. Shanableh
Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) analyses were utilized to assess decentralized anaerobic digestion (AD)-based solid waste management (SWM) plans for a remote community. A hypothetical developing community of 20,000 habitants was selected with an average municipal solid waste (MSW) generation of 0.51 kg/capita/day. Sustainable SWM is needed to ensure both the environmental and economic aspects. In order to exploit the resource value of the high food fractions in developing countries, sustainable waste management alternatives have been emerged and compared to the commonly used SWM scenario (landfills). The scenario included, collection and transportation of waste, material recovery facility (MRF), AD, and landfilling processes. WRATE software databases were used to obtain data for the life cycle inventory (LCI). The functional unit has been selected as the management of 1 ton of MSW for a study period of 20 years. The scenarios were evaluated via the CML 2001 impact assessment method covering 6 categories including climate change, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and resource depletion. The findings revealed that the proposed strategy improved the life cycle environmental performance in all impact categories and resulted in significant economic savings.
{"title":"Sustainability Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion Systems for Decentralized Waste Management","authors":"Zakiya Rahmat-Ullah, M. Abdallah, S. Bhattacharjee, A. Shanableh","doi":"10.37394/232031.2022.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232031.2022.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) analyses were utilized to assess decentralized anaerobic digestion (AD)-based solid waste management (SWM) plans for a remote community. A hypothetical developing community of 20,000 habitants was selected with an average municipal solid waste (MSW) generation of 0.51 kg/capita/day. Sustainable SWM is needed to ensure both the environmental and economic aspects. In order to exploit the resource value of the high food fractions in developing countries, sustainable waste management alternatives have been emerged and compared to the commonly used SWM scenario (landfills). The scenario included, collection and transportation of waste, material recovery facility (MRF), AD, and landfilling processes. WRATE software databases were used to obtain data for the life cycle inventory (LCI). The functional unit has been selected as the management of 1 ton of MSW for a study period of 20 years. The scenarios were evaluated via the CML 2001 impact assessment method covering 6 categories including climate change, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and resource depletion. The findings revealed that the proposed strategy improved the life cycle environmental performance in all impact categories and resulted in significant economic savings.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"518 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77155710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.37394/232031.2022.1.1
G. Nagy, Kh. M. Dewidar, Mona Azouz, M. Nessim, Dina Salem, Yasmine Sabry, Fayrouz Ashraf
The current local strategies are reactive in response to risk or damage, usually in the form of treatments, repairs and retrofitting on the building scale, there is a need for proactive strategies that rely on preventive conservation concepts which can be more sustainable and cost effective as it minimizes the possibility of deterioration and risk through controlling its cause on different scales. In order to conserve historic buildings from deterioration caused by air pollution, the impact of air pollution on these buildings need specification and quantification in order to control below the tolerable thresholds using convenient strategies on the appropriate scale. The main objective is to minimize deterioration of Historic Buildings caused by Air Pollution through the development of a framework for local management preservation strategies. A survey conducted to validate the framework. This will lead to types of preventions (UNESCO PRECOMOS Chair) as follows; primary prevention by avoiding the causes of the unwanted effect (damage), secondary prevention as the means of monitoring that allow an early detection of the symptoms of the unwanted effects, and tertiary prevention that allow avoiding further spread of the unwanted effect or the generation of new unwanted (side) effects.
{"title":"Environmental Protection Solutions for Heritage Buildings from Air Pollution Impacts “Case-Study of Qasr El-Manial, Cairo, Egypt”","authors":"G. Nagy, Kh. M. Dewidar, Mona Azouz, M. Nessim, Dina Salem, Yasmine Sabry, Fayrouz Ashraf","doi":"10.37394/232031.2022.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232031.2022.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The current local strategies are reactive in response to risk or damage, usually in the form of treatments, repairs and retrofitting on the building scale, there is a need for proactive strategies that rely on preventive conservation concepts which can be more sustainable and cost effective as it minimizes the possibility of deterioration and risk through controlling its cause on different scales. In order to conserve historic buildings from deterioration caused by air pollution, the impact of air pollution on these buildings need specification and quantification in order to control below the tolerable thresholds using convenient strategies on the appropriate scale. The main objective is to minimize deterioration of Historic Buildings caused by Air Pollution through the development of a framework for local management preservation strategies. A survey conducted to validate the framework. This will lead to types of preventions (UNESCO PRECOMOS Chair) as follows; primary prevention by avoiding the causes of the unwanted effect (damage), secondary prevention as the means of monitoring that allow an early detection of the symptoms of the unwanted effects, and tertiary prevention that allow avoiding further spread of the unwanted effect or the generation of new unwanted (side) effects.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85775338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.18178/JOCET.2017.5.5.399
H. Hermansyah, A. Kurnia, A. Anisya, A. Surjosatyo, Y. Sunarya, R. Arbianti, T. S. Utami
{"title":"Effect of Anion and Amino Functional Group on Resin for Lipase Immobilization with Adsorption-Cross Linking Method","authors":"H. Hermansyah, A. Kurnia, A. Anisya, A. Surjosatyo, Y. Sunarya, R. Arbianti, T. S. Utami","doi":"10.18178/JOCET.2017.5.5.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/JOCET.2017.5.5.399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"1518-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81124629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. J. Pillewan, D. N. Raut, K. Patil, Dattaji K. Shinde
Abstract—Forging, milling, turning, grinding and shaping etc. are the various industrial manufacturing processes which generate the metal waste. Grinding is extensively used in the finishing operation. The waste generated contains significant impurities apart from the metal particles. Due to these significant impurities, it becomes difficult to process and gets usually dumped in the landfills which create environmental problems. Therefore, it becomes essential to reuse metal waste to create value added products. Powder injection molding process is used for producing the porous metal matrix framework. This paper discusses the presented design of the porous framework to be used for the liquid filter application. Different parameters are optimized to obtain the better strength framework with variable porosity. Carbon nanotubes are used as reinforcing materials to enhance the strength of the metal matrix framework.
{"title":"Carbon Nanotubes Based Porous Framework for Filtration Applications Using Industrial Grinding Waste","authors":"V. J. Pillewan, D. N. Raut, K. Patil, Dattaji K. Shinde","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1130113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1130113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract—Forging, milling, turning, grinding and shaping etc. are the various industrial manufacturing processes which generate the metal waste. Grinding is extensively used in the finishing operation. The waste generated contains significant impurities apart from the metal particles. Due to these significant impurities, it becomes difficult to process and gets usually dumped in the landfills which create environmental problems. Therefore, it becomes essential to reuse metal waste to create value added products. Powder injection molding process is used for producing the porous metal matrix framework. This paper discusses the presented design of the porous framework to be used for the liquid filter application. Different parameters are optimized to obtain the better strength framework with variable porosity. Carbon nanotubes are used as reinforcing materials to enhance the strength of the metal matrix framework.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"167 1","pages":"202-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76902350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-04DOI: 10.1299/JSMEKANSAI.2017.92.M824
Noboru Wakamoto, K. Obunai, K. Okubo, T. Fujii
The aim of this study is to moderate the dependence of counter frictional coefficient on temperature between counter surfaces and to reduce the wear of C/C composites at low temperature. To modify the C/C composites, Silica (SiO2) powders were added into phenolic resin for carbon precursor. The preform plate of the precursor of C/C composites was prepared by conventional filament winding method. The C/C composites plates were obtained by carbonizing preform plate at 2200 °C under an argon atmosphere. At that time, the silicon carbides (SiC) were synthesized around the surfaces and the internal vacancies of the C/C composites. The frictional coefficient on the counter surfaces and specific wear volumes of the C/C composites were measured by our developed frictional test machine like pin-on disk type. The XRD indicated that SiC was synthesized in the body of C/C composite fabricated by current method. The results of friction test showed that coefficient of friction of unmodified C/C composites have temperature dependence when the test condition was changed. In contrast, frictional coefficient of the C/C composite modified with SiO2 powders was almost constant at about 0.27 when the temperature condition was changed from Room Temperature (RT) to 300 °C. The specific wear rate decreased from 25×10-6 mm2/N to 0.1×10-6 mm2/N. The observations of the surfaces after friction tests showed that the frictional surface of the modified C/C composites was covered with a film produced by the friction. This study found that synthesizing SiC around surface and internal vacancies of C/C composites was effective to moderate the dependence on the frictional coefficient and reduce to the abrasion of C/C composites. Keywords—C/C composites, frictional coefficient, SiC, wear.
{"title":"Moderation in Temperature Dependence on Counter Frictional Coefficient and Prevention of Wear of C/C Composites by Synthesizing SiC around Surface and Internal Vacancies","authors":"Noboru Wakamoto, K. Obunai, K. Okubo, T. Fujii","doi":"10.1299/JSMEKANSAI.2017.92.M824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JSMEKANSAI.2017.92.M824","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to moderate the dependence of counter frictional coefficient on temperature between counter surfaces and to reduce the wear of C/C composites at low temperature. To modify the C/C composites, Silica (SiO2) powders were added into phenolic resin for carbon precursor. The preform plate of the precursor of C/C composites was prepared by conventional filament winding method. The C/C composites plates were obtained by carbonizing preform plate at 2200 °C under an argon atmosphere. At that time, the silicon carbides (SiC) were synthesized around the surfaces and the internal vacancies of the C/C composites. The frictional coefficient on the counter surfaces and specific wear volumes of the C/C composites were measured by our developed frictional test machine like pin-on disk type. The XRD indicated that SiC was synthesized in the body of C/C composite fabricated by current method. The results of friction test showed that coefficient of friction of unmodified C/C composites have temperature dependence when the test condition was changed. In contrast, frictional coefficient of the C/C composite modified with SiO2 powders was almost constant at about 0.27 when the temperature condition was changed from Room Temperature (RT) to 300 °C. The specific wear rate decreased from 25×10-6 mm2/N to 0.1×10-6 mm2/N. The observations of the surfaces after friction tests showed that the frictional surface of the modified C/C composites was covered with a film produced by the friction. This study found that synthesizing SiC around surface and internal vacancies of C/C composites was effective to moderate the dependence on the frictional coefficient and reduce to the abrasion of C/C composites. Keywords—C/C composites, frictional coefficient, SiC, wear.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"269-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84587151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid sprays of water are frequently used in air pollution control for gas cooling purposes and for gas cleaning. Twin-fluid nozzles with internal mixing are often used for these purposes because of the small size of the drops produced. In these nozzles the liquid is dispersed by compressed air or another pressurized gas. In high efficiency scrubbers for particle separation, several nozzles are operated in parallel because of the size of the cross section. In such scrubbers, the scrubbing water has to be re-circulated. Precipitation of some solid material can occur in the liquid circuit, caused by chemical reactions. When such precipitations are detached from the place of formation, they can partly or totally block the liquid flow to a nozzle. Due to the resulting unbalanced supply of the nozzles with water and gas, the efficiency of separation decreases. Thus, the nozzles have to be cleaned if a certain fraction of blockages is reached. The aim of this study was to provide a tool for continuously monitoring the status of the nozzles of a scrubber based on the available operation data (water flow, air flow, water pressure and air pressure). The difference between the air pressure and the water pressure is not well suited for this purpose, because the difference is quite small and therefore very exact calibration of the pressure measurement would be required. Therefore, an equation for the reference air flow of a nozzle at the actual water flow and operation pressure was derived. This flow can be compared with the actual air flow for assessment of the status of the nozzles.
{"title":"Condition Monitoring for Twin-Fluid Nozzles with Internal Mixing","authors":"C. Lanzerstorfer","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1129705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1129705","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid sprays of water are frequently used in air pollution control for gas cooling purposes and for gas cleaning. Twin-fluid nozzles with internal mixing are often used for these purposes because of the small size of the drops produced. In these nozzles the liquid is dispersed by compressed air or another pressurized gas. In high efficiency scrubbers for particle separation, several nozzles are operated in parallel because of the size of the cross section. In such scrubbers, the scrubbing water has to be re-circulated. Precipitation of some solid material can occur in the liquid circuit, caused by chemical reactions. When such precipitations are detached from the place of formation, they can partly or totally block the liquid flow to a nozzle. Due to the resulting unbalanced supply of the nozzles with water and gas, the efficiency of separation decreases. Thus, the nozzles have to be cleaned if a certain fraction of blockages is reached. The aim of this study was to provide a tool for continuously monitoring the status of the nozzles of a scrubber based on the available operation data (water flow, air flow, water pressure and air pressure). The difference between the air pressure and the water pressure is not well suited for this purpose, because the difference is quite small and therefore very exact calibration of the pressure measurement would be required. Therefore, an equation for the reference air flow of a nozzle at the actual water flow and operation pressure was derived. This flow can be compared with the actual air flow for assessment of the status of the nozzles.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"273-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80191400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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