World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering最新文献
Full - Scale Accelerated Loading System, one part of "the Eleventh - Five - Year National Grand Technology Infrastructure Program" is a facility to evaluate the performance and service life of different kinds of pavements subjected to traffic loading under full - controlled environment. While simulating the environments of frigid zone and permafrost zone, the accurate control of air temperature, road temperature and roadbed temperature are the key points and also aporias for the designment. In this paper, numerical simulations are used to determine the design parameters of the frozen soil simulation system. At first, a brief introduction of the Full - Scale Accelerate Loading System was given. Then, the temperature control method of frozen soil simulation system was proposed. Finally, by using finite element simulations, the optimal design of frozen soil simulation system was obtained. This proposed design, which was obtained by finite element simulations, provided significant referents to the ultimate design of the environment simulation system.
{"title":"Preliminary Design Of Frozen Soil Simulation System Based On Finite Element Simulation","authors":"Wenyu Song, Bingxi Li, Zhongbin Fu, B. Jiang","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1062587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1062587","url":null,"abstract":"Full - Scale Accelerated Loading System, one part of\u0000\"the Eleventh - Five - Year National Grand Technology Infrastructure\u0000Program\" is a facility to evaluate the performance and service life of\u0000different kinds of pavements subjected to traffic loading under full -\u0000controlled environment. While simulating the environments of frigid\u0000zone and permafrost zone, the accurate control of air temperature, road\u0000temperature and roadbed temperature are the key points and also\u0000aporias for the designment. In this paper, numerical simulations are\u0000used to determine the design parameters of the frozen soil simulation\u0000system. At first, a brief introduction of the Full - Scale Accelerate\u0000Loading System was given. Then, the temperature control method of\u0000frozen soil simulation system was proposed. Finally, by using finite\u0000element simulations, the optimal design of frozen soil simulation\u0000system was obtained. This proposed design, which was obtained by\u0000finite element simulations, provided significant referents to the\u0000ultimate design of the environment simulation system.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"624-627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75214863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hybrid membranes containing inorganic materials in polymer matrix are identified as a remarkable family of proton conducting hybrid electrolytes. In this work, the proton conducting inorganic/organic hybrid membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS) and heteropolyacid (HPA). The synthesized hybrid membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The effects of heteropolyacid incorporation on membrane properties, including morphology and thermal stability were extensively investigated.
{"title":"Proton-conducting PVA/PMA Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications","authors":"U. Thanganathan","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1061920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1061920","url":null,"abstract":"The hybrid membranes containing inorganic materials in polymer matrix are identified as a remarkable family of proton conducting hybrid electrolytes. In this work, the proton conducting inorganic/organic hybrid membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS) and heteropolyacid (HPA). The synthesized hybrid membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The effects of heteropolyacid incorporation on membrane properties, including morphology and thermal stability were extensively investigated.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"154 1","pages":"699-702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85617466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1 Abstract—Commercial hydroxyapatite (HA) was reinforced by adding 2, 5, and 10 wt % of 28.5%CaO-28.5%P2O5-38%Na2 O5%CaF2 based glass and then sintered. Although HA shows good biocompatibility with the human body, its applications are limited to non load-bearing areas and coatings due to its poor mechanical properties. These mechanical properties can be improved substantially with addition of glass ceramics by sintering. In this study, the effects of sintering hydroxyapatite with above specified phosphate glass additions are quantified. Each composition was sintered over a range of temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure and phases of the composites. The density, microhardness, and compressive strength were measured using Archimedes Principle, Vickers Microhardness Tester (at 0.98 N), and Instron Universal Testing Machine (cross speed of 0.5 mm/min) respectively. These results were used to indicate which composition provided suitable material for use in hard tissue replacement. Composites containing 10 wt % glass additions formed dense HA/TCP (tricalcium phosphate) composite materials possessing good compressive strength and hardness than HA. In-vitro bioactivity was assessed by evaluating changes in pH and Ca 2+ ion concentration of SBF-simulated body fluid on immersion of these composites in it for two weeks.
{"title":"Microstructural and In-Vitro Characterization of Glass-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composites","authors":"U. Batra, S. Kapoor","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1057816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1057816","url":null,"abstract":"1 Abstract—Commercial hydroxyapatite (HA) was reinforced by adding 2, 5, and 10 wt % of 28.5%CaO-28.5%P2O5-38%Na2 O5%CaF2 based glass and then sintered. Although HA shows good biocompatibility with the human body, its applications are limited to non load-bearing areas and coatings due to its poor mechanical properties. These mechanical properties can be improved substantially with addition of glass ceramics by sintering. In this study, the effects of sintering hydroxyapatite with above specified phosphate glass additions are quantified. Each composition was sintered over a range of temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure and phases of the composites. The density, microhardness, and compressive strength were measured using Archimedes Principle, Vickers Microhardness Tester (at 0.98 N), and Instron Universal Testing Machine (cross speed of 0.5 mm/min) respectively. These results were used to indicate which composition provided suitable material for use in hard tissue replacement. Composites containing 10 wt % glass additions formed dense HA/TCP (tricalcium phosphate) composite materials possessing good compressive strength and hardness than HA. In-vitro bioactivity was assessed by evaluating changes in pH and Ca 2+ ion concentration of SBF-simulated body fluid on immersion of these composites in it for two weeks.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"85 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90049559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of concentration of reduction agent of sodium borohydrate (NaBH4) on the properties of silicon nanoparticles synthesized via microemulsion route is reported. In this work, the concentration of the silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) that served as silicon source with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as stabilizer and surfactant, respectively, are keep fixed. Four samples with varied concentration of NaBH4 from 0.05 M to 0.20 M were synthesized. It was found that the lowest concentration of NaBH4 gave better formation of silicon nanoparticles.
{"title":"Effect of Concentration of Sodium Borohydrate on the Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles via Microemulsion Route","authors":"W. Liong, S. Sreekantan, S. D. Hutagalung","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1073673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1073673","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of concentration of reduction agent of\u0000sodium borohydrate (NaBH4) on the properties of silicon\u0000nanoparticles synthesized via microemulsion route is reported. In\u0000this work, the concentration of the silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) that\u0000served as silicon source with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and\u0000polyethylene glycol (PEG) as stabilizer and surfactant, respectively,\u0000are keep fixed. Four samples with varied concentration of NaBH4\u0000from 0.05 M to 0.20 M were synthesized. It was found that the lowest\u0000concentration of NaBH4 gave better formation of silicon\u0000nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"73 1","pages":"625-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77356096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air pollution is a major environmental health problem, affecting developed and developing countries around the world. Increasing amounts of potentially harmful gases and particulate matter are being emitted into the atmosphere on a global scale, resulting in damage to human health and the environment. Petroleum-related air pollutants can have a wide variety of adverse environmental impacts. In the crude oil production sectors, there is a strong need for a thorough knowledge of gaseous emissions resulting from the flaring of associated gas of known composition on daily basis through combustion activities under several operating conditions. This can help in the control of gaseous emission from flares and thus in the protection of their immediate and distant surrounding against environmental degradation. The impacts of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions from flaring activities at oil production facilities at Kuwait Oilfields have been assessed through a screening study using records of flaring operations taken at the gas and oil production sites, and by analyzing available meteorological and air quality data measured at stations located near anthropogenic sources. In the present study the Industrial Source Complex (ISCST3) Dispersion Model is used to calculate the ground level concentrations of methane and non- methane hydrocarbons emitted due to flaring in all over Kuwait Oilfields. The simulation of real hourly air quality in and around oil production facilities in the State of Kuwait for the year 2006, inserting the respective source emission data into the ISCST3 software indicates that the levels of non-methane hydrocarbons from the flaring activities exceed the allowable ambient air standard set by Kuwait EPA. So, there is a strong need to address this acute problem to minimize the impact of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons released from flaring activities over the urban area of Kuwait.
{"title":"Methane and Other Hydrocarbon Gas Emissions Resulting from Flaring in Kuwait Oilfields","authors":"Khaireyah Kh. AL-Hamad, V. Nassehi, A. Khan","doi":"10.5772/7400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/7400","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a major environmental health problem, affecting developed and developing countries around the world. Increasing amounts of potentially harmful gases and particulate matter are being emitted into the atmosphere on a global scale, resulting in damage to human health and the environment. Petroleum-related air pollutants can have a wide variety of adverse environmental impacts. In the crude oil production sectors, there is a strong need for a thorough knowledge of gaseous emissions resulting from the flaring of associated gas of known composition on daily basis through combustion activities under several operating conditions. This can help in the control of gaseous emission from flares and thus in the protection of their immediate and distant surrounding against environmental degradation. The impacts of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions from flaring activities at oil production facilities at Kuwait Oilfields have been assessed through a screening study using records of flaring operations taken at the gas and oil production sites, and by analyzing available meteorological and air quality data measured at stations located near anthropogenic sources. In the present study the Industrial Source Complex (ISCST3) Dispersion Model is used to calculate the ground level concentrations of methane and non- methane hydrocarbons emitted due to flaring in all over Kuwait Oilfields. The simulation of real hourly air quality in and around oil production facilities in the State of Kuwait for the year 2006, inserting the respective source emission data into the ISCST3 software indicates that the levels of non-methane hydrocarbons from the flaring activities exceed the allowable ambient air standard set by Kuwait EPA. So, there is a strong need to address this acute problem to minimize the impact of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons released from flaring activities over the urban area of Kuwait.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"144-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81881725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiments were conducted to characterize fire properties of wood exposed to the certain external heat flux and under variety of wood moisture content. Six kinds of Indonesian wood: keruing, sono, cemara, kamper, pinus, and mahoni were exposed to radiant heat from a conical heater, result in appearance of a stable flame on the wood surface caused by spontaneous ignition. A thermocouple K-type was used to measure the wood surface temperature. Temperature histories were recorded throughout each experiment at 1 s intervals using a TC-08. Data of first ignition time and temperature, end ignition time and temperature, and charring rate have been successfully collected. It was found that the ignition temperature and charring rate depend on moisture content of wood. Keywords—Fire properties, moisture content, wood, charring rate.
{"title":"An Experimental Study on Autoignition of Wood","authors":"T. Poespowati","doi":"10.5772/7398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/7398","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted to characterize fire properties of wood exposed to the certain external heat flux and under variety of wood moisture content. Six kinds of Indonesian wood: keruing, sono, cemara, kamper, pinus, and mahoni were exposed to radiant heat from a conical heater, result in appearance of a stable flame on the wood surface caused by spontaneous ignition. A thermocouple K-type was used to measure the wood surface temperature. Temperature histories were recorded throughout each experiment at 1 s intervals using a TC-08. Data of first ignition time and temperature, end ignition time and temperature, and charring rate have been successfully collected. It was found that the ignition temperature and charring rate depend on moisture content of wood. Keywords—Fire properties, moisture content, wood, charring rate.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"299-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87325462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes new algorithms for the computeraided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) of 3D woven multi-layer textile structures. Existing commercial CAD/CAM systems are often restricted to the design and manufacture of 2D weaves. Those CAD/CAM systems that do support the design and manufacture of 3D multi-layer weaves are often limited to manual editing of design paper grids on the computer display and weave retrieval from stored archives. This complex design activity is time-consuming, tedious and error-prone and requires considerable experience and skill of a technical weaver. Recent research reported in the literature has addressed some of the shortcomings of commercial 3D multi-layer weave CAD/CAM systems. However, earlier research results have shown the need for further work on weave specification, weave generation, yarn path editing and layer binding. Analysis of 3D multi-layer weaves in this research has led to the design and development of efficient and robust algorithms for the CAD/CAM of 3D woven multi-layer textile structures. The resulting algorithmically generated weave designs can be used as a basis for lifting plans that can be loaded onto looms equipped with electronic shedding mechanisms for the CAM of 3D woven multi-layer textile structures.
{"title":"CAD/CAM Algorithms for 3D Woven Multilayer Textile Structures","authors":"Martin A. Smith, Xiaogang Chen","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1059552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1059552","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes new algorithms for the computeraided\u0000design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) of 3D woven multi-layer\u0000textile structures. Existing commercial CAD/CAM systems are often\u0000restricted to the design and manufacture of 2D weaves. Those\u0000CAD/CAM systems that do support the design and manufacture of\u00003D multi-layer weaves are often limited to manual editing of design\u0000paper grids on the computer display and weave retrieval from stored\u0000archives. This complex design activity is time-consuming, tedious\u0000and error-prone and requires considerable experience and skill of a\u0000technical weaver. Recent research reported in the literature has\u0000addressed some of the shortcomings of commercial 3D multi-layer\u0000weave CAD/CAM systems. However, earlier research results have\u0000shown the need for further work on weave specification, weave\u0000generation, yarn path editing and layer binding. Analysis of 3D\u0000multi-layer weaves in this research has led to the design and\u0000development of efficient and robust algorithms for the CAD/CAM of\u00003D woven multi-layer textile structures. The resulting algorithmically\u0000generated weave designs can be used as a basis for lifting plans that\u0000can be loaded onto looms equipped with electronic shedding\u0000mechanisms for the CAM of 3D woven multi-layer textile structures.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"104 1","pages":"538-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79222276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susana Cortez, P. Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, M. Mota
This work was supported from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia through the grants SFRH/BD/24715/2005 and SFRH/BPD/26803/2006. S. Cortez, P. Teixeira, R. Oliveira* and M. Mota are with Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710 – 057 Braga, Portugal (*corresponding author, phone: +351-253604409; fax: +351-253678986; email: roliveira@deb.uminho.pt).
这项工作得到了国家科学技术基金的资助，资助项目为SFRH/BD/24715/2005和SFRH/BPD/26803/2006。S. Cortez, P. Teixeira, R. Oliveira*， M. Mota，葡萄牙米尼奥大学生物工程中心生物技术与生物工程研究所，瓜达尔校区，4710 - 057布拉加(通讯作者，电话:+351-253604409;传真:+ 351 - 253678986;电子邮件:roliveira@deb.uminho.pt)。
{"title":"Fenton's oxidation as post-treatment of a mature municipal landfill leachate.","authors":"Susana Cortez, P. Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, M. Mota","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1055902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1055902","url":null,"abstract":"This work was supported from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia through the grants SFRH/BD/24715/2005 and SFRH/BPD/26803/2006. S. Cortez, P. Teixeira, R. Oliveira* and M. Mota are with Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710 – 057 Braga, Portugal (*corresponding author, phone: +351-253604409; fax: +351-253678986; email: roliveira@deb.uminho.pt).","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":"449-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81197214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optical properties of InGaN/GaN laser diode based on quaternary alloys stopper and superlattice layers are numerically studied using ISE TCAD (Integrated System Engineering) simulation program. Improvements in laser optical performance have been achieved using quaternary alloy as superlattice layers in InGaN/GaN laser diodes. Lower threshold current of 18 mA and higher output power and slope efficiency of 22 mW and 1.6 W/A, respectively, at room temperature have been obtained. The laser structure with InAlGaN quaternary alloys as an electron blocking layer was found to provide better laser performance compared with the ternary AlxGa1-xN blocking layer.
利用ISE TCAD (Integrated System Engineering)仿真程序对基于季元合金塞层和超晶格层的InGaN/GaN激光二极管的光学特性进行了数值研究。利用季元合金作为InGaN/GaN激光二极管的超晶格层，实现了激光光学性能的改善。在室温下，获得了较低的阈值电流为18 mA，较高的输出功率和斜率效率分别为22 mW和1.6 W/A。与三元AlxGa1-xN阻挡层相比，以InAlGaN四元合金为电子阻挡层的激光结构具有更好的激光性能。
{"title":"Performance of InGaN/GaN Laser Diode Based on Quaternary Alloys Stopper and Superlattice Layers","authors":"S. Thahab, H. A. Hassan, Z. Hassan","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1062654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1062654","url":null,"abstract":"The optical properties of InGaN/GaN laser diode based on quaternary alloys stopper and superlattice layers are numerically studied using ISE TCAD (Integrated System Engineering) simulation program. Improvements in laser optical performance have been achieved using quaternary alloy as superlattice layers in InGaN/GaN laser diodes. Lower threshold current of 18 mA and higher output power and slope efficiency of 22 mW and 1.6 W/A, respectively, at room temperature have been obtained. The laser structure with InAlGaN quaternary alloys as an electron blocking layer was found to provide better laser performance compared with the ternary AlxGa1-xN blocking layer.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"322-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86658755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palm shell obtained from coastal part of southern India was studied for the removal for the adsorption of Hg (II) ions. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, concentration of Hg (II) ions, time, temperature and adsorbent dose. Maximum removal was seen in the range pH 4.0- pH 7.0. The palm shell powder used as adsorbent was characterized for its surface area, SEM, PXRD, FTIR, ion exchange capacity, moisture content, and bulk density, soluble content in water and acid and pH. The experimental results were analyzed using Langmuir I, II, III, IV and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The batch sorption kinetics was studied for the first order reversible reaction, pseudo first order; pseudo second order reaction and the intra-particle diffusion reaction. The biomass was successfully used for removal Hg (II) from synthetic and industrial effluents and the technique appears industrially applicable and viable. Keywords—Biosorbent, mercury removal, borassus flabellifer, isotherms, kinetics, palm shell.
{"title":"Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies for Adsorption of Hg (II) on Palm Shell Powder","authors":"S. Kushwaha, S. Sodaye, P. Padmaja","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1057703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1057703","url":null,"abstract":"Palm shell obtained from coastal part of southern India was studied for the removal for the adsorption of Hg (II) ions. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, concentration of Hg (II) ions, time, temperature and adsorbent dose. Maximum removal was seen in the range pH 4.0- pH 7.0. The palm shell powder used as adsorbent was characterized for its surface area, SEM, PXRD, FTIR, ion exchange capacity, moisture content, and bulk density, soluble content in water and acid and pH. The experimental results were analyzed using Langmuir I, II, III, IV and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The batch sorption kinetics was studied for the first order reversible reaction, pseudo first order; pseudo second order reaction and the intra-particle diffusion reaction. The biomass was successfully used for removal Hg (II) from synthetic and industrial effluents and the technique appears industrially applicable and viable. Keywords—Biosorbent, mercury removal, borassus flabellifer, isotherms, kinetics, palm shell.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77721751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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