World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering最新文献
Abstract—In order to use bitumen in hot mix asphalt, it must have specific characteristics. There are some methods to reach these properties. Using polymer modifiers are one of the methods to modify the bitumen properties. In this paper the effect of StyreneButadiene-Rubber that is one of the bitumen polymer modifiers on rheology properties of bitumen is studied. In this regard, the rheological properties of base bitumen and the modified bitumen with 3, 4, and 5 percent of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) were analysed. The results show that bitumen modified with 5 percent of SBR has the best performance than the other samples.
{"title":"The Effect of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) Polymer Modifier on Properties of Bitumen","authors":"S. Tabatabaei, A. Kiasat, Ferdows Karimi Alkouhi","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1106973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1106973","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract—In order to use bitumen in hot mix asphalt, it must have specific characteristics. There are some methods to reach these properties. Using polymer modifiers are one of the methods to modify the bitumen properties. In this paper the effect of StyreneButadiene-Rubber that is one of the bitumen polymer modifiers on rheology properties of bitumen is studied. In this regard, the rheological properties of base bitumen and the modified bitumen with 3, 4, and 5 percent of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) were analysed. The results show that bitumen modified with 5 percent of SBR has the best performance than the other samples.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"785-788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85847078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomass briquette gasification is regarded as a promising route for efficient briquette use in energy generation, fuels and other useful chemicals. However, previous research has been focused on briquette gasification in fixed bed gasifiers such as updraft and downdraft gasifiers. Fluidised bed gasifier has the potential to be effectively sized to medium or large scale. This study investigated the use of fuel briquettes produced from blends of rice husks and corn cobs biomass, in a bubbling fluidised bed gasifier. The study adopted a combination of numerical equations and Aspen Plus simulation software, to predict the product gas (syngas) composition base on briquette density and biomass composition (blend ratio of rice husks to corn cobs). The Aspen Plus model was based on an experimentally validated model from the literature. The results based on a briquette size 32 mm diameter and relaxed density range of 500 to 650kg/m3, indicated that fluidisation air required in the gasifier increased with increase in briquette density, and the fluidisation air showed to be the controlling factor compared with the actual air required for gasification of the biomass briquettes. The mass flowrate of CO2 in the predicted syngas composition increased with an increase in air flow, in the gasifier, while CO decreased and H2 was almost constant. The ratio of H2 to CO for various blends of rice husks and corn cobs did not significantly change at the designed process air, but a significant difference of 1.0 was observed between 10/90 and 90/10 % blend of rice husks and corn cobs.
{"title":"Fluidised Bed Gasification of Multiple Agricultural Biomass Derived Briquettes","authors":"Rukayya Ibrahim Muazu, A. Borrion, J. Stegemann","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1107211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1107211","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass briquette gasification is regarded as a\u0000promising route for efficient briquette use in energy generation, fuels\u0000and other useful chemicals. However, previous research has been\u0000focused on briquette gasification in fixed bed gasifiers such as\u0000updraft and downdraft gasifiers. Fluidised bed gasifier has the\u0000potential to be effectively sized to medium or large scale. This study\u0000investigated the use of fuel briquettes produced from blends of rice\u0000husks and corn cobs biomass, in a bubbling fluidised bed gasifier.\u0000The study adopted a combination of numerical equations and Aspen\u0000Plus simulation software, to predict the product gas (syngas)\u0000composition base on briquette density and biomass composition\u0000(blend ratio of rice husks to corn cobs). The Aspen Plus model was\u0000based on an experimentally validated model from the literature. The\u0000results based on a briquette size 32 mm diameter and relaxed density\u0000range of 500 to 650kg/m3, indicated that fluidisation air required in\u0000the gasifier increased with increase in briquette density, and the\u0000fluidisation air showed to be the controlling factor compared with the\u0000actual air required for gasification of the biomass briquettes. The\u0000mass flowrate of CO2 in the predicted syngas composition increased\u0000with an increase in air flow, in the gasifier, while CO decreased and\u0000H2 was almost constant. The ratio of H2 to CO for various blends of\u0000rice husks and corn cobs did not significantly change at the designed\u0000process air, but a significant difference of 1.0 was observed between\u000010/90 and 90/10 % blend of rice husks and corn cobs.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"622-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91524640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pandiyarajan Thangaraj, M. R. Viswanathan, K. Balasubramanian, H. Mansilla, J. Ruiz, D. Contreras
In this work, we report, a systematic study on the structural and optical properties of Pr-doped ZnO nanostructures and PVA:Zn98Pr2O polymer matrix nanocomposites free standing films. These particles are synthesized through simple wet chemical route and solution casting technique at room temperature, respectively. Structural studies carried out by X-ray diffraction method confirm that the prepared pure ZnO and Pr doped ZnO nanostructures are in hexagonal wurtzite structure and the microstrain is increased upon doping. TEM analysis reveals that the prepared materials are in sheet like nature. Absorption spectra show free excitonic absorption band at 370 nm and red shift for the Pr doped ZnO nanostructures. The PVA:Zn98Pr2O composite film exhibits both free excitonic and PVA absorption bands at 282 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectral studies confirm the presence of A1 (TO) and E1 (TO) modes of Zn-O bond vibration and the formation of polymer composite materials.
{"title":"Structural And Optical Properties Of Pr3+ Doped Zno And Pva:Zn98Pr2O Nanocomposite Free Standing Film","authors":"Pandiyarajan Thangaraj, M. R. Viswanathan, K. Balasubramanian, H. Mansilla, J. Ruiz, D. Contreras","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1100115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1100115","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we report, a systematic study on the \u0000structural and optical properties of Pr-doped ZnO nanostructures and \u0000PVA:Zn98Pr2O polymer matrix nanocomposites free standing films. \u0000These particles are synthesized through simple wet chemical route \u0000and solution casting technique at room temperature, respectively. \u0000Structural studies carried out by X-ray diffraction method confirm \u0000that the prepared pure ZnO and Pr doped ZnO nanostructures are in \u0000hexagonal wurtzite structure and the microstrain is increased upon \u0000doping. TEM analysis reveals that the prepared materials are in sheet \u0000like nature. Absorption spectra show free excitonic absorption band \u0000at 370 nm and red shift for the Pr doped ZnO nanostructures. The \u0000PVA:Zn98Pr2O composite film exhibits both free excitonic and PVA \u0000absorption bands at 282 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectral \u0000studies confirm the presence of A1 (TO) and E1 (TO) modes of Zn-O \u0000bond vibration and the formation of polymer composite materials.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89584640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonstandard tests are necessary for analyses and verification of new developed structural and technological solutions with application of composite materials. One of the most critical primary structural parts of a typical aerospace structure is T-joint. This structural element is loaded mainly in shear, bending, peel and tension. The paper is focused on the shear loading simulations. The aim of the work is to obtain a representative uniform distribution of shear loads along T-joint during the mechanical testing. A new design of T-joint test procedure, numerical simulation and optimization of representative boundary conditions are presented. The different conditions and inaccuracies both in simulations and experiments are discussed. The influence of different parameters on stress and strain distributions is demonstrated on T-joint made of CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced plastic). A special test rig designed by VZLU (Aerospace Research and Test Establishment) for T-shear test procedure is presented.
{"title":"Development of a New Method for T-joint Specimens Testing under Shear Loading","authors":"R. Doubrava, R. Růžek","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1096933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1096933","url":null,"abstract":"Nonstandard tests are necessary for analyses and \u0000verification of new developed structural and technological solutions \u0000with application of composite materials. One of the most critical \u0000primary structural parts of a typical aerospace structure is T-joint. \u0000This structural element is loaded mainly in shear, bending, peel and \u0000tension. The paper is focused on the shear loading simulations. The \u0000aim of the work is to obtain a representative uniform distribution of \u0000shear loads along T-joint during the mechanical testing. A new \u0000design of T-joint test procedure, numerical simulation and \u0000optimization of representative boundary conditions are presented. \u0000The different conditions and inaccuracies both in simulations and \u0000experiments are discussed. The influence of different parameters on \u0000stress and strain distributions is demonstrated on T-joint made of \u0000CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced plastic). A special test rig designed by \u0000VZLU (Aerospace Research and Test Establishment) for T-shear test \u0000procedure is presented.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"1255-1259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82730822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
— Transesterification reactions free of catalyst between roasted chicken fat with methanol were carried out in a batch reactor in order to produce biodiesel to temperatures from 120°C to 140°C. Parameters related to the transesterification reactions, including temperature, time and the molar ratio of chicken fat to methanol also investigated. The maximum yield of the reaction was of 98% under conditions of 140°C, 4 h of reaction time and a molar ratio of chicken fat to methanol of 1:31. The biodiesel thus obtained exhibited a viscosity of 6.3 mm 2 /s and a density of 895.9 kg/m 3 . The results showed this process can be right choice to produce biodiesel since this process does not use any catalyst. Therefore, the steps of neutralization and washing are avoided, indispensables in the case of the alkaline catalysis.
{"title":"Production of Biodiesel from Roasted Chicken Fat and Methanol: Free Catalyst","authors":"Jorge Ramírez-Ortíz, M. M. Rosales, H. F. Zúñiga","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1096621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1096621","url":null,"abstract":"— Transesterification reactions free of catalyst between roasted chicken fat with methanol were carried out in a batch reactor in order to produce biodiesel to temperatures from 120°C to 140°C. Parameters related to the transesterification reactions, including temperature, time and the molar ratio of chicken fat to methanol also investigated. The maximum yield of the reaction was of 98% under conditions of 140°C, 4 h of reaction time and a molar ratio of chicken fat to methanol of 1:31. The biodiesel thus obtained exhibited a viscosity of 6.3 mm 2 /s and a density of 895.9 kg/m 3 . The results showed this process can be right choice to produce biodiesel since this process does not use any catalyst. Therefore, the steps of neutralization and washing are avoided, indispensables in the case of the alkaline catalysis.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"270 1","pages":"1029-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83023439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
—Numerous amounts of metallurgical dusts and sludge containing iron as well as some other valuable elements such as Zn, Pb and C are annually produced in the steelmaking industry. These alternative ...
{"title":"Energy Efficient Recycling of in-Plant Fines","authors":"H. Ahmed, A. Persson, L. Sundqvist, B. Biorkman","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1093134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1093134","url":null,"abstract":"—Numerous amounts of metallurgical dusts and sludge containing iron as well as some other valuable elements such as Zn, Pb and C are annually produced in the steelmaking industry. These alternative ...","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"522-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80829330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural dye extracted from Caesalpinia sappan Linn. was applied to a cotton fabric and silk yarn by dyeing process. The dyestuff component of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. was extracted using water and ethanol. Analytical studies such as UV–VIS spectrophotometry and gravimetric analysis were performed on the extracts. Brazilein, the major dyestuff component of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. was confirmed in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts by UV–VIS spectrum. The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB (L*, a* and b*) and K/S values. Cotton fabric dyed without mordant had a shade of reddish-brown, while those post-mordanted with aluminum potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate produced a variety of wine red to dark purple color shades. Cotton fabric and silk yarn dyeing was studied using aluminum potassium sulfate as a mordant. The observed color strength was enhanced with increase in mordant concentration.
{"title":"Textile Dyeing with Natural Dye from Sappan Tree (Caesalpinia sappan Linn.) Extract","authors":"P. Ohama, Nattida Tumpat","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1092830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1092830","url":null,"abstract":"Natural dye extracted from Caesalpinia sappan Linn. was applied to a cotton fabric and silk yarn by dyeing process. The dyestuff component of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. was extracted using water and ethanol. Analytical studies such as UV–VIS spectrophotometry and gravimetric analysis were performed on the extracts. Brazilein, the major dyestuff component of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. was confirmed in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts by UV–VIS spectrum. The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB (L*, a* and b*) and K/S values. Cotton fabric dyed without mordant had a shade of reddish-brown, while those post-mordanted with aluminum potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate produced a variety of wine red to dark purple color shades. Cotton fabric and silk yarn dyeing was studied using aluminum potassium sulfate as a mordant. The observed color strength was enhanced with increase in mordant concentration.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"256 1","pages":"432-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75043918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-04DOI: 10.15242/ijacebs.c0114189
D. Rathnayaka, P. Vidanage, K. C. Wasalathilake, H. Wickramasingha, L. WijayarathneU.P., S. Perera
This paper describes the research carried out to develop a process to increase the NaCl percentage of crude salt which is obtained from the conventional solar evaporation process. In this study refined salt was produced from crude solar salt by a chemicophysical method which consists of coagulation, precipitation and filtration. Initially crude salt crystals were crushed and dissolved in water. Optimum amounts of calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and Polyaluminiumchloride (PAC) were added to the solution respectively. Refined NaCl solution was separated out by a filtration process. The solution was tested for Total Suspended Solids, SO4, Mg, Ca. With optimum dosage of reagents, the results showed that a level of 99.60% NaCl could be achieved. Further this paper discusses the economic viability of the proposed process. A 83% profit margin can be achieved by this process and it is an increase of 112.3% compared to the traditional process. Keywords—Chemico-physical, Economic, Optimum, Refined, Solar Salt.
{"title":"Development of a Process to Manufacture High Quality Refined Salt from Crude Solar Salt","authors":"D. Rathnayaka, P. Vidanage, K. C. Wasalathilake, H. Wickramasingha, L. WijayarathneU.P., S. Perera","doi":"10.15242/ijacebs.c0114189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15242/ijacebs.c0114189","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the research carried out to develop a process to increase the NaCl percentage of crude salt which is obtained from the conventional solar evaporation process. In this study refined salt was produced from crude solar salt by a chemicophysical method which consists of coagulation, precipitation and filtration. Initially crude salt crystals were crushed and dissolved in water. Optimum amounts of calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and Polyaluminiumchloride (PAC) were added to the solution respectively. Refined NaCl solution was separated out by a filtration process. The solution was tested for Total Suspended Solids, SO4, Mg, Ca. With optimum dosage of reagents, the results showed that a level of 99.60% NaCl could be achieved. Further this paper discusses the economic viability of the proposed process. A 83% profit margin can be achieved by this process and it is an increase of 112.3% compared to the traditional process. Keywords—Chemico-physical, Economic, Optimum, Refined, Solar Salt.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"1009-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83368610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Saehana, Ferry Iskandar, M. Abdullah, Khairurrijal
A numerical simulation of optimization all of electrospinning processing parameters to obtain smallest nanofiber diameter have been performed by employing genetic algorithm (GA). Fitness function in genetic algorithm methods, which was different for each parameter, was determined by simulation approach based on the Reneker’s model. Moreover, others genetic algorithm parameter, namely length of population, crossover and mutation were applied to get the optimum electrospinning processing parameters. In addition, minimum fiber diameter, 32 nm, was achieved from a simulation by applied the optimum parameters of electrospinning. This finding may be useful for process control and prediction of electrospun fiber production. In this paper, it is also compared between predicted parameters with some experimental results. Keywords—Diameter, Electrospinning, GA, Nanofiber.
{"title":"Optimization of Electrospinning Parameter by Employing Genetic Algorithm in order to Produce Desired Nanofiber Diameter","authors":"S. Saehana, Ferry Iskandar, M. Abdullah, Khairurrijal","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1088746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1088746","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical simulation of optimization all of electrospinning processing parameters to obtain smallest nanofiber diameter have been performed by employing genetic algorithm (GA). Fitness function in genetic algorithm methods, which was different for each parameter, was determined by simulation approach based on the Reneker’s model. Moreover, others genetic algorithm parameter, namely length of population, crossover and mutation were applied to get the optimum electrospinning processing parameters. In addition, minimum fiber diameter, 32 nm, was achieved from a simulation by applied the optimum parameters of electrospinning. This finding may be useful for process control and prediction of electrospun fiber production. In this paper, it is also compared between predicted parameters with some experimental results. Keywords—Diameter, Electrospinning, GA, Nanofiber.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"86-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91021147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
— Recently, a growing interest has emerged on the development of new and efficient energy sources, due to the inevitable extinction of the nonrenewable energy reserves. One of these alternative sources which have a great potential and sustainability to meet up the energy demand is biomass energy. This significant energy source can be utilized with various energy conversion technologies, one of which is biomass gasification in supercritical water. Water, being the most important solvent in nature, has very important characteristics as a reaction solvent under supercritical circumstances. At temperatures above its critical point (374.8 o C and 22.1MPa), water becomes more acidic and its diffusivity increases. Working with water at high temperatures increases the thermal reaction rate, which in consequence leads to a better dissolving of the organic matters and a fast reaction with oxygen. Hence, supercritical water offers a control mechanism depending on solubility, excellent transport properties based on its high diffusion ability and new reaction possibilities for hydrolysis or oxidation. In this study the gasification of a real biomass, namely olive mill wastewater (OMW), in supercritical water conditions is investigated with the use of Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. OMW is a by-product obtained during olive oil production, which has a complex nature characterized by a high content of organic compounds and polyphenols. These properties impose OMW a significant pollution potential, but at the same time, the high content of organics makes OMW a desirable biomass candidate for energy production. The catalytic gasification experiments were made with five different reaction temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 ° C) and five reaction times (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150s), under a constant pressure of 25MPa. Through these experiments, the effects of reaction temperature and time on the gasification yield, gaseous product composition and OMW treatment efficiency were investigated.
{"title":"Catalytic Gasification of Olive Mill Wastewater as a Biomass Source under Supercritical Conditions","authors":"Ekin Kıpçak, M. Akgün","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1087968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1087968","url":null,"abstract":"— Recently, a growing interest has emerged on the development of new and efficient energy sources, due to the inevitable extinction of the nonrenewable energy reserves. One of these alternative sources which have a great potential and sustainability to meet up the energy demand is biomass energy. This significant energy source can be utilized with various energy conversion technologies, one of which is biomass gasification in supercritical water. Water, being the most important solvent in nature, has very important characteristics as a reaction solvent under supercritical circumstances. At temperatures above its critical point (374.8 o C and 22.1MPa), water becomes more acidic and its diffusivity increases. Working with water at high temperatures increases the thermal reaction rate, which in consequence leads to a better dissolving of the organic matters and a fast reaction with oxygen. Hence, supercritical water offers a control mechanism depending on solubility, excellent transport properties based on its high diffusion ability and new reaction possibilities for hydrolysis or oxidation. In this study the gasification of a real biomass, namely olive mill wastewater (OMW), in supercritical water conditions is investigated with the use of Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. OMW is a by-product obtained during olive oil production, which has a complex nature characterized by a high content of organic compounds and polyphenols. These properties impose OMW a significant pollution potential, but at the same time, the high content of organics makes OMW a desirable biomass candidate for energy production. The catalytic gasification experiments were made with five different reaction temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 ° C) and five reaction times (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150s), under a constant pressure of 25MPa. Through these experiments, the effects of reaction temperature and time on the gasification yield, gaseous product composition and OMW treatment efficiency were investigated.","PeriodicalId":23701,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"690-694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73616838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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