P. Lindholm-Lehto, A. Lindroos, J. Pulkkinen, T. Kiuru, J. Vielma
A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) aims to achieve fish production with negligible discharge into the environment. RASs have been applied for fish production in several countries, but nitrate removal is often a limiting factor for production increases. In this study, a pilot-scale RAS (10 tons of fish/year) was connected to a water treatment field which consisted of a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor (9 m × 14 m) filled with birch woodchips (Betula pendula), a constructed wetland (7.5 m × 6 m), and sand infiltration (16 m × 31 m) to achieve high water quality with low-maintenance treatment units. In the constructed wetland, a perennial common reed (Phragmites australis) was used in a well-drained soil for nutrient re-use. Concentrations of different elements, diluted anions, and selected hydrocarbons were monitored and quantified. Some Mn leaching occurred during the sand infiltration stage. However, Mn concentrations decreased towards the end of the experiment. Concentrations of total-Fe increased up to 2.75 mg L−1 and Mn up to 5 mg L−1 in.the sand infiltration stage of the water treatment field, probably due to anoxic conditions and leaching of fine particles. This type of process design offers effective but low-maintenance treatment of circulating water.
{"title":"Trace elements, anions, and carbohydrates in the recirculating aquaculture system using woodchip denitrification, constructed wetland, and sand infiltration","authors":"P. Lindholm-Lehto, A. Lindroos, J. Pulkkinen, T. Kiuru, J. Vielma","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2022.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2022.030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) aims to achieve fish production with negligible discharge into the environment. RASs have been applied for fish production in several countries, but nitrate removal is often a limiting factor for production increases. In this study, a pilot-scale RAS (10 tons of fish/year) was connected to a water treatment field which consisted of a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor (9 m × 14 m) filled with birch woodchips (Betula pendula), a constructed wetland (7.5 m × 6 m), and sand infiltration (16 m × 31 m) to achieve high water quality with low-maintenance treatment units. In the constructed wetland, a perennial common reed (Phragmites australis) was used in a well-drained soil for nutrient re-use. Concentrations of different elements, diluted anions, and selected hydrocarbons were monitored and quantified. Some Mn leaching occurred during the sand infiltration stage. However, Mn concentrations decreased towards the end of the experiment. Concentrations of total-Fe increased up to 2.75 mg L−1 and Mn up to 5 mg L−1 in.the sand infiltration stage of the water treatment field, probably due to anoxic conditions and leaching of fine particles. This type of process design offers effective but low-maintenance treatment of circulating water.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42553986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Schopf, M. Christensson, M. Piculell, Xin Tian, R. Delatolla
Ammonia is a deleterious pollutant present in municipal wastewater that can be hazardous if released into the environment. There is a need for the development of novel processes to advance ammonium removal technologies. Partial nitritation (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) are modern treatment processes that can be combined to provide energy-efficient ammonia removal; however, these processes have been shown to be challenging to implement as a two-stage system. New methods to achieve steady PN need to be discovered. Free nitrous acid (FNA) exposure has been explored as a possible strategy for achieving PN; however, exposure time and dosage has been varied depending on the treatment system. For biofilm technologies, such as the moving bed biofilm reactor and biofilm characteristics, including biofilm thickness, can cause inconsistent results. Therefore, this study compares defined maximal biofilm thickness with undefined biofilm thickness and their capacity to achieve PN using FNA. This study found that a defined maximal biofilm thickness designed carrier maintained a thin biofilm capable of achieving PN after FNA exposure while the undefined biofilm thickness designed carrier was not suitable for stable PN.
{"title":"Biofilm thickness restraint carriers enhance free nitrous acid inhibition for partial nitritation","authors":"Alexander Schopf, M. Christensson, M. Piculell, Xin Tian, R. Delatolla","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2022.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2022.025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ammonia is a deleterious pollutant present in municipal wastewater that can be hazardous if released into the environment. There is a need for the development of novel processes to advance ammonium removal technologies. Partial nitritation (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) are modern treatment processes that can be combined to provide energy-efficient ammonia removal; however, these processes have been shown to be challenging to implement as a two-stage system. New methods to achieve steady PN need to be discovered. Free nitrous acid (FNA) exposure has been explored as a possible strategy for achieving PN; however, exposure time and dosage has been varied depending on the treatment system. For biofilm technologies, such as the moving bed biofilm reactor and biofilm characteristics, including biofilm thickness, can cause inconsistent results. Therefore, this study compares defined maximal biofilm thickness with undefined biofilm thickness and their capacity to achieve PN using FNA. This study found that a defined maximal biofilm thickness designed carrier maintained a thin biofilm capable of achieving PN after FNA exposure while the undefined biofilm thickness designed carrier was not suitable for stable PN.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42900881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Konsowa, H. Z. AbdAllah, S. Nosier, M. G. Eloffy
The major scope of this study is the fabrication and development of a substrate and polyamide rejection layer for an efficient thin-film hydrophilic composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membrane. Fabrication of a thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane employing interfacial polymerization and modification of substrate characteristics using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as additives (TFNC-FO) are studied. Characterizations of the prepared TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes were determined. The morphologies of cross-section, upper and bottom surfaces for the TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to examine the compositions of different elements for both membranes. The hydrophilicity of the prepared TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes was investigated using the measurement of the contact angle test. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer was used to observe the existing functional groups of the TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes. The thermal stability of the membrane was evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The overall performance of TFC-FO membranes was evaluated with and without adding TiO2 nanoparticles through different parameters, such as membrane flux, initial feed concentration, draw solution concentrations, reverse solute fluxes, membranes permeabilities, and finally, the effect of FO membrane orientations. FO membrane performance was successfully enhanced by adding different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%. The findings indicated that an increase in the concentration from 0.5 to 1 wt% leads to a clear increase in both the porosity and hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite substrate and consequently, an increase in the water flux. However, further increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles to more than 1 wt% affects the membrane performance.
{"title":"Thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane for water desalination: synthesis, characterization and performance improvement","authors":"A. H. Konsowa, H. Z. AbdAllah, S. Nosier, M. G. Eloffy","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2022.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2022.034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The major scope of this study is the fabrication and development of a substrate and polyamide rejection layer for an efficient thin-film hydrophilic composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membrane. Fabrication of a thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane employing interfacial polymerization and modification of substrate characteristics using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as additives (TFNC-FO) are studied. Characterizations of the prepared TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes were determined. The morphologies of cross-section, upper and bottom surfaces for the TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to examine the compositions of different elements for both membranes. The hydrophilicity of the prepared TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes was investigated using the measurement of the contact angle test. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer was used to observe the existing functional groups of the TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes. The thermal stability of the membrane was evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The overall performance of TFC-FO membranes was evaluated with and without adding TiO2 nanoparticles through different parameters, such as membrane flux, initial feed concentration, draw solution concentrations, reverse solute fluxes, membranes permeabilities, and finally, the effect of FO membrane orientations. FO membrane performance was successfully enhanced by adding different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%. The findings indicated that an increase in the concentration from 0.5 to 1 wt% leads to a clear increase in both the porosity and hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite substrate and consequently, an increase in the water flux. However, further increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles to more than 1 wt% affects the membrane performance.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbubbles were applied to remove phosphorus (P) and improve environmental water conditions on the surface of the benthic sediment in a eutrophic lake. Microbubble flotation (MF) was used to remove P in a laboratory-scale experiment device from the benthic sediment and overlying water field samples. The results of P tracing observation for MF treatment, which were identified based on the mass balance, showed P accumulated at a higher concentration in the floated scum than in the deposited sludge. Furthermore, while the amount of soluble P separated was insignificant, the removal efficiency of soluble P in the floated scum was higher than total P. As an additional effect, P release was suppressed by the injection of microbubbles, which reduced anaerobicization and improved environmental conditions in the overlying water of the lake. We also confirmed that the sludge that settled after flotation separation caused capping, which restrained P release by forming a layer on the surface of the sediment. The direct P flotation separation, provision of oxygen by injected microbubbles, and capping effect of re-deposited sludge are advantages associated with MF, and our results show that field application studies are warranted.
{"title":"Behavior characteristics of phosphorus and capping effect of microbubble flotation to control phosphorus release in the benthic sediment","authors":"Yong-Ho Choi, Yong-Hoon Jeong, M. Jang, D. Kwak","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2022.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2022.027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Microbubbles were applied to remove phosphorus (P) and improve environmental water conditions on the surface of the benthic sediment in a eutrophic lake. Microbubble flotation (MF) was used to remove P in a laboratory-scale experiment device from the benthic sediment and overlying water field samples. The results of P tracing observation for MF treatment, which were identified based on the mass balance, showed P accumulated at a higher concentration in the floated scum than in the deposited sludge. Furthermore, while the amount of soluble P separated was insignificant, the removal efficiency of soluble P in the floated scum was higher than total P. As an additional effect, P release was suppressed by the injection of microbubbles, which reduced anaerobicization and improved environmental conditions in the overlying water of the lake. We also confirmed that the sludge that settled after flotation separation caused capping, which restrained P release by forming a layer on the surface of the sediment. The direct P flotation separation, provision of oxygen by injected microbubbles, and capping effect of re-deposited sludge are advantages associated with MF, and our results show that field application studies are warranted.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49399234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan G. Schreiber, Sanja Schreiber, R. Tanna, D. Roberts, T. Arciszewski
Robust scientific inference is crucial to ensure evidence-based decision making. Accordingly, the selection of appropriate statistical tools and experimental designs is integral to achieve accuracy from data analytical processes. Environmental monitoring of water quality has become increasingly common and widespread as a result of technological advances, leading to an abundance of datasets. We conducted a scoping review of the water quality literature and found that correlation and linear regression are by far the most used statistical tools. However, the accuracy of inferences drawn from ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques depends on a set of assumptions, most prominently: (a) independence among observations, (b) normally distributed errors, (c) equal variances of errors, and (d) balanced designs. Environmental data, however, are often faced with temporal and spatial dependencies, and unbalanced designs, thus making OLS techniques not suitable to provide valid statistical inferences. Generalized least squares (GLS), linear mixed-effect models (LMMs), and generalized linear mixed-effect models (GLMMs), as well as Bayesian data analyses, have been developed to better tackle these problems. Recent progress in the development of statistical software has made these approaches more accessible and user-friendly. We provide a high-level summary and practical guidance for those statistical techniques.
{"title":"Statistical tools for water quality assessment and monitoring in river ecosystems – a scoping review and recommendations for data analysis","authors":"Stefan G. Schreiber, Sanja Schreiber, R. Tanna, D. Roberts, T. Arciszewski","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2022.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2022.028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Robust scientific inference is crucial to ensure evidence-based decision making. Accordingly, the selection of appropriate statistical tools and experimental designs is integral to achieve accuracy from data analytical processes. Environmental monitoring of water quality has become increasingly common and widespread as a result of technological advances, leading to an abundance of datasets. We conducted a scoping review of the water quality literature and found that correlation and linear regression are by far the most used statistical tools. However, the accuracy of inferences drawn from ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques depends on a set of assumptions, most prominently: (a) independence among observations, (b) normally distributed errors, (c) equal variances of errors, and (d) balanced designs. Environmental data, however, are often faced with temporal and spatial dependencies, and unbalanced designs, thus making OLS techniques not suitable to provide valid statistical inferences. Generalized least squares (GLS), linear mixed-effect models (LMMs), and generalized linear mixed-effect models (GLMMs), as well as Bayesian data analyses, have been developed to better tackle these problems. Recent progress in the development of statistical software has made these approaches more accessible and user-friendly. We provide a high-level summary and practical guidance for those statistical techniques.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mousavi, D. Shahbazi, Arezoo Mahmoudi, Parastoo Darvishi
An adsorption study has been conducted for activated carbon obtained from grape wood wastes to assess their capability to remove methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solutions. The properties of prepared activated carbon were characterized using FTIR, BET and SEM analyses. The effects of independent variables such as initial concentration of MB (100–500 mg L−1), initial pH of solution (3–11), adsorbent dosage (0.25–12.25 g L−1) and contact time (10–90 min) on the MB adsorption have been optimized using response surface methodology. The highest MB removal efficiency was 98% when pH, MB and adsorbent dosage were 11, 100 mg L−1 and 12.25 g L−1, respectively. The experimental data have been tested using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the achieved data were fully fitted with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99), which indicates the monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics well followed by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 of 0.99. This prepared activated carbon as a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent can be used widely for water and wastewater treatment.
对从葡萄木废料中获得的活性炭进行了吸附研究，以评估其从水溶液中去除亚甲基蓝（MB）的能力。利用红外光谱、BET和扫描电镜对制备的活性炭的性能进行了表征。使用响应面法优化了MB的初始浓度（100–500 mg L−1）、溶液的初始pH（3–11）、吸附剂用量（0.25–12.25 g L−2）和接触时间（10–90分钟）等自变量对MB吸附的影响。当pH、MB和吸附剂用量分别为11、100 mg L−1和12.25 g L−1时，MB的最高去除率为98%。实验数据使用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线模型进行了测试，所获得的数据与Langmuir模型完全拟合（R2=0.99），表明了单层吸附。吸附动力学符合R2为0.99的拟二阶模型。这种制备的活性炭作为一种低成本、环保的吸附剂，可广泛用于水和废水处理。
{"title":"Methylene blue removal using prepared activated carbon from grape wood wastes: adsorption process analysis and modeling","authors":"S. Mousavi, D. Shahbazi, Arezoo Mahmoudi, Parastoo Darvishi","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2021.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2021.015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An adsorption study has been conducted for activated carbon obtained from grape wood wastes to assess their capability to remove methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solutions. The properties of prepared activated carbon were characterized using FTIR, BET and SEM analyses. The effects of independent variables such as initial concentration of MB (100–500 mg L−1), initial pH of solution (3–11), adsorbent dosage (0.25–12.25 g L−1) and contact time (10–90 min) on the MB adsorption have been optimized using response surface methodology. The highest MB removal efficiency was 98% when pH, MB and adsorbent dosage were 11, 100 mg L−1 and 12.25 g L−1, respectively. The experimental data have been tested using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the achieved data were fully fitted with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99), which indicates the monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics well followed by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 of 0.99. This prepared activated carbon as a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent can be used widely for water and wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44177153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A predictive model to estimate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission from sewers would offer engineers and asset managers the ability to evaluate the possible odor/corrosion problems during the design and operation of sewers to avoid in-sewer complications. This study aimed to model and forecast H2S emission from a gravity sewer, as a function of temperature and hydraulic conditions, without requiring prior knowledge of H2S emission mechanism. Two different adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models using grid partitioning (GP) and subtractive clustering (SC) approaches were developed, validated, and tested. The ANFIS-GP model was constructed with two Gaussian membership functions for each input. For the development of the ANFIS-SC model, the MATLAB default values for clustering parameters were selected. Results clearly indicated that both the best ANFIS-GP and ANFIS-SC models produced smaller error compared with the multiple regression models and demonstrated a superior predictive performance on forecasting H2S emission with an excellent R2 value of >0.99. However, the ANFIS-GP model possessed fewer rules and parameters than the ANFIS-SC model. These findings validate the ANFIS-GP model as a potent tool for predicting H2S emission from gravity sewers.
{"title":"Predicting H2S emission from gravity sewer using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system","authors":"R. Salehi, S. Chaiprapat","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2021.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2021.018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A predictive model to estimate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission from sewers would offer engineers and asset managers the ability to evaluate the possible odor/corrosion problems during the design and operation of sewers to avoid in-sewer complications. This study aimed to model and forecast H2S emission from a gravity sewer, as a function of temperature and hydraulic conditions, without requiring prior knowledge of H2S emission mechanism. Two different adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models using grid partitioning (GP) and subtractive clustering (SC) approaches were developed, validated, and tested. The ANFIS-GP model was constructed with two Gaussian membership functions for each input. For the development of the ANFIS-SC model, the MATLAB default values for clustering parameters were selected. Results clearly indicated that both the best ANFIS-GP and ANFIS-SC models produced smaller error compared with the multiple regression models and demonstrated a superior predictive performance on forecasting H2S emission with an excellent R2 value of >0.99. However, the ANFIS-GP model possessed fewer rules and parameters than the ANFIS-SC model. These findings validate the ANFIS-GP model as a potent tool for predicting H2S emission from gravity sewers.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48390565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Brodeur-Doucet, Béatrice Pineau, Juliette Corrivault-Gascon, D. Arjoon, P. Lessard, G. Pelletier, S. Duchesne
The performance of stormwater treatment trains and of their individual green infrastructure was evaluated near Montreal, Canada. Three treatment trains were studied: Train 1 – five bioretention cells in series with a wet retention pond; Train 2 – an infiltration trench in series with a dry detention pond and Train 3 – Train 2 in series with a wet retention pond. A total of 47 rain events were monitored to quantity the hydrological performance, while water quality samples were taken during 24 rainfall events. During the summer, the bioretention cells led to a reduction in runoff volumes varying from 8 to 100%. Overall, the three studied treatment trains and all of the individual infrastructures, except for the dry pond, provided reductions in the mean concentrations of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorous. Results also showed that the use of a train of stormwater infrastructures can be more effective to reach Quebec's legislated targets than single infrastructures to remove those four contaminants, but only if the infrastructures are sequenced properly. Indeed, the addition of a dry basin at the end of Train 2 reduced the removal efficiency of the four studied contaminants.
{"title":"Seasonal hydrological and water quality performance of individual and in-series stormwater infrastructures as treatment trains in cold climate","authors":"Caroline Brodeur-Doucet, Béatrice Pineau, Juliette Corrivault-Gascon, D. Arjoon, P. Lessard, G. Pelletier, S. Duchesne","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2021.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2021.026","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of stormwater treatment trains and of their individual green infrastructure was evaluated near Montreal, Canada. Three treatment trains were studied: Train 1 – five bioretention cells in series with a wet retention pond; Train 2 – an infiltration trench in series with a dry detention pond and Train 3 – Train 2 in series with a wet retention pond. A total of 47 rain events were monitored to quantity the hydrological performance, while water quality samples were taken during 24 rainfall events. During the summer, the bioretention cells led to a reduction in runoff volumes varying from 8 to 100%. Overall, the three studied treatment trains and all of the individual infrastructures, except for the dry pond, provided reductions in the mean concentrations of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorous. Results also showed that the use of a train of stormwater infrastructures can be more effective to reach Quebec's legislated targets than single infrastructures to remove those four contaminants, but only if the infrastructures are sequenced properly. Indeed, the addition of a dry basin at the end of Train 2 reduced the removal efficiency of the four studied contaminants.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43085101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Soltani, M. Faramarzi, Seyed Aboutaleb, Mousavi Parsa
Industrial effluents are usually one of the major industries polluting the environment and surface water. It is estimated that the worldwide production of dyes is about 70 tons/year. To overcome this problem, innovative processes are suggested for the treatment of industrial effluents containing dyes and heavy metals. The goal of the processes is often to reduce the toxicity of these pollutants in order to meet treatment standards. Recently, great attention has been paid to innovative processes for physical and chemical removal techniques such as adsorption on new adsorbents, biomass adsorption, membrane filtration, irradiation, and electrochemical coagulation. In this study, the application of adsorbents in the adsorption process to remove dye pollutants from industrial effluents has been studied. Factors affecting dye adsorption such as pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent amount are also presented. The obtained results revealed that more than 80% of the dye adsorption on the surface of adsorbents are endothermic processes and more than 95% of the processes obey the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
{"title":"A review on adsorbent parameters for removal of dye products from industrial wastewater","authors":"A. Soltani, M. Faramarzi, Seyed Aboutaleb, Mousavi Parsa","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2021.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2021.023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Industrial effluents are usually one of the major industries polluting the environment and surface water. It is estimated that the worldwide production of dyes is about 70 tons/year. To overcome this problem, innovative processes are suggested for the treatment of industrial effluents containing dyes and heavy metals. The goal of the processes is often to reduce the toxicity of these pollutants in order to meet treatment standards. Recently, great attention has been paid to innovative processes for physical and chemical removal techniques such as adsorption on new adsorbents, biomass adsorption, membrane filtration, irradiation, and electrochemical coagulation. In this study, the application of adsorbents in the adsorption process to remove dye pollutants from industrial effluents has been studied. Factors affecting dye adsorption such as pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent amount are also presented. The obtained results revealed that more than 80% of the dye adsorption on the surface of adsorbents are endothermic processes and more than 95% of the processes obey the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46754776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural extensification and forest cover loss can significantly impact aquatic ecosystems. This study considered the conversion of forests to agriculture (and vice versa) in an agriculturally dominated watershed in Eastern Ontario, Canada. A series of de- and reforestation scenarios were developed, and water quantity/quality simulations were executed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) using 30 years of real-world weather observations. Results indicated that streamflow and sediment loads were not sensitive to forest loss, while continuing the recent rate of deforestation of 0.8% (0.2% of the watershed area) per year would, by 2032, increase annual loads of nitrate by 5.6%, total nitrogen by 1.5%, and total phosphorus by 6.8%. Additionally, the same land-use scenarios were simulated with the inclusion of vegetated filter strips (VFS) and grassed waterways. Some reforestation scenarios were sufficient to reduce total nitrogen concentrations below water quality guidelines, particularly under the combined effect of VFSs along all river reaches. However, meeting water quality guidelines for total phosphorus concentrations requires additional improvements to management practices beyond those simulated here.
{"title":"Predicting water quality trends resulting from forest cover change in an agriculturally dominated river basin in Eastern Ontario, Canada","authors":"M. Noteboom, O. Seidou, D. Lapen","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2021.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2021.010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Agricultural extensification and forest cover loss can significantly impact aquatic ecosystems. This study considered the conversion of forests to agriculture (and vice versa) in an agriculturally dominated watershed in Eastern Ontario, Canada. A series of de- and reforestation scenarios were developed, and water quantity/quality simulations were executed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) using 30 years of real-world weather observations. Results indicated that streamflow and sediment loads were not sensitive to forest loss, while continuing the recent rate of deforestation of 0.8% (0.2% of the watershed area) per year would, by 2032, increase annual loads of nitrate by 5.6%, total nitrogen by 1.5%, and total phosphorus by 6.8%. Additionally, the same land-use scenarios were simulated with the inclusion of vegetated filter strips (VFS) and grassed waterways. Some reforestation scenarios were sufficient to reduce total nitrogen concentrations below water quality guidelines, particularly under the combined effect of VFSs along all river reaches. However, meeting water quality guidelines for total phosphorus concentrations requires additional improvements to management practices beyond those simulated here.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44879672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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