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Machine learning for water quality classification 水质分类的机器学习
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2022.004
Saleh Y. Abuzir, Yousef S. Abuzir
In the past years, there has been a lot of interest in water quality and its prediction as there are many pollutants that affect water quality. The techniques provided herein will help us in controlling and reducing the risks of water pollution. In this study, we will discuss concepts related to machine learning models and their applications for water quality classification (WQC). Three machine learning algorithms, J48, Naive Bayes, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), were used for WQC prediction. The dataset used contains 10 features, and in order to evaluate the machine's algorithms and their performance, some accuracy measurements were used. Our study showed that the proposed models can accurately classify water quality. By analyzing the results, it was found that the MLP algorithm achieved the highest accuracy for WQC prediction as compared to other algorithms.
在过去的几年里,由于有许多污染物会影响水质,人们对水质及其预测产生了很大的兴趣。本文提供的技术将有助于我们控制和降低水污染的风险。在本研究中,我们将讨论与机器学习模型相关的概念及其在水质分类(WQC)中的应用。将J48、朴素贝叶斯和多层感知器(MLP)三种机器学习算法用于WQC预测。所使用的数据集包含10个特征,为了评估机器的算法及其性能,使用了一些精度测量。我们的研究表明,所提出的模型可以准确地对水质进行分类。通过分析结果发现,与其他算法相比,MLP算法实现了最高的WQC预测精度。
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引用次数: 6
Corrigendum: Water Quality Research Journal 57 (1), 1–19: Methylene blue removal using prepared activated carbon from grape wood wastes: adsorption process analysis and modelling, Seyyed Alireza Mousavi, Davood Shahbazi, Arezoo Mahmoudi and Parastoo Darvishi, doi: 10.2166/wqrj.2021.015 张晓明,张晓明,张晓明,等。活性炭去除葡萄木渣中亚甲基蓝的研究进展[j] .环境科学与技术,2016 (1):1 - 9
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2022.001
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引用次数: 0
Trace elements, anions, and carbohydrates in the recirculating aquaculture system using woodchip denitrification, constructed wetland, and sand infiltration 利用木片脱氮、人工湿地和沙子渗透的循环水产养殖系统中的微量元素、阴离子和碳水化合物
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2022.030
P. Lindholm-Lehto, A. Lindroos, J. Pulkkinen, T. Kiuru, J. Vielma
A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) aims to achieve fish production with negligible discharge into the environment. RASs have been applied for fish production in several countries, but nitrate removal is often a limiting factor for production increases. In this study, a pilot-scale RAS (10 tons of fish/year) was connected to a water treatment field which consisted of a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor (9 m × 14 m) filled with birch woodchips (Betula pendula), a constructed wetland (7.5 m × 6 m), and sand infiltration (16 m × 31 m) to achieve high water quality with low-maintenance treatment units. In the constructed wetland, a perennial common reed (Phragmites australis) was used in a well-drained soil for nutrient re-use. Concentrations of different elements, diluted anions, and selected hydrocarbons were monitored and quantified. Some Mn leaching occurred during the sand infiltration stage. However, Mn concentrations decreased towards the end of the experiment. Concentrations of total-Fe increased up to 2.75 mg L−1 and Mn up to 5 mg L−1 in.the sand infiltration stage of the water treatment field, probably due to anoxic conditions and leaching of fine particles. This type of process design offers effective but low-maintenance treatment of circulating water.
循环水产养殖系统(RAS)旨在实现向环境排放可忽略不计的鱼类生产。RAS已在几个国家应用于鱼类生产,但硝酸盐的去除往往是产量增加的限制因素。在本研究中,一个中试规模的RAS(10吨鱼/年)与一个水处理场相连,该水处理场由一个装有桦树木屑(Betula pendula)的反硝化木片生物反应器(9m×14m)、一个人工湿地(7.5m×6m)和沙子渗透(16m×31m)组成,以低维护处理单元实现高水质。在人工湿地中,在排水良好的土壤中使用多年生普通芦苇(芦苇)进行养分再利用。对不同元素、稀释阴离子和选定碳氢化合物的浓度进行监测和定量。部分锰浸出发生在入砂阶段。然而,在实验接近尾声时,Mn浓度有所下降。在水处理场的砂渗透阶段,总Fe浓度增加到2.75 mg L−1,Mn浓度增加到5 mg L–1,这可能是由于缺氧条件和细颗粒的浸出。这种类型的工艺设计提供了有效但低维护的循环水处理。
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引用次数: 1
Biofilm thickness restraint carriers enhance free nitrous acid inhibition for partial nitritation 生物膜厚度限制载体对部分亚硝化的抑制作用增强
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2022.025
Alexander Schopf, M. Christensson, M. Piculell, Xin Tian, R. Delatolla
Ammonia is a deleterious pollutant present in municipal wastewater that can be hazardous if released into the environment. There is a need for the development of novel processes to advance ammonium removal technologies. Partial nitritation (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) are modern treatment processes that can be combined to provide energy-efficient ammonia removal; however, these processes have been shown to be challenging to implement as a two-stage system. New methods to achieve steady PN need to be discovered. Free nitrous acid (FNA) exposure has been explored as a possible strategy for achieving PN; however, exposure time and dosage has been varied depending on the treatment system. For biofilm technologies, such as the moving bed biofilm reactor and biofilm characteristics, including biofilm thickness, can cause inconsistent results. Therefore, this study compares defined maximal biofilm thickness with undefined biofilm thickness and their capacity to achieve PN using FNA. This study found that a defined maximal biofilm thickness designed carrier maintained a thin biofilm capable of achieving PN after FNA exposure while the undefined biofilm thickness designed carrier was not suitable for stable PN.
氨是一种存在于城市废水中的有害污染物,如果释放到环境中,可能会造成危险。需要开发新的工艺来推进脱铵技术。部分硝化(PN)和厌氧氨氧化(anammox)是现代处理工艺,可以结合起来提供节能的氨去除;然而,这些过程被证明是一个具有挑战性的两阶段系统。需要发现实现稳定PN的新方法。游离亚硝酸(FNA)暴露已被探索为实现PN的一种可能策略;然而,暴露时间和剂量因治疗系统而异。对于生物膜技术,如移动床生物膜反应器和生物膜特性,包括生物膜厚度,可能会导致不一致的结果。因此,本研究比较了定义的最大生物膜厚度和未定义的生物膜厚度以及它们使用FNA实现PN的能力。本研究发现,定义的最大生物膜厚度设计的载体在FNA暴露后保持了能够实现PN的薄生物膜,而未定义的生物膜厚度的设计载体不适合稳定的PN。
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引用次数: 1
Thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane for water desalination: synthesis, characterization and performance improvement 用于海水淡化的薄膜纳米复合正向渗透膜:合成、表征及性能改进
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2022.034
A. H. Konsowa, H. Z. AbdAllah, S. Nosier, M. G. Eloffy
The major scope of this study is the fabrication and development of a substrate and polyamide rejection layer for an efficient thin-film hydrophilic composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membrane. Fabrication of a thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane employing interfacial polymerization and modification of substrate characteristics using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as additives (TFNC-FO) are studied. Characterizations of the prepared TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes were determined. The morphologies of cross-section, upper and bottom surfaces for the TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to examine the compositions of different elements for both membranes. The hydrophilicity of the prepared TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes was investigated using the measurement of the contact angle test. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer was used to observe the existing functional groups of the TFC-FO and TFNC-FO membranes. The thermal stability of the membrane was evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The overall performance of TFC-FO membranes was evaluated with and without adding TiO2 nanoparticles through different parameters, such as membrane flux, initial feed concentration, draw solution concentrations, reverse solute fluxes, membranes permeabilities, and finally, the effect of FO membrane orientations. FO membrane performance was successfully enhanced by adding different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%. The findings indicated that an increase in the concentration from 0.5 to 1 wt% leads to a clear increase in both the porosity and hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite substrate and consequently, an increase in the water flux. However, further increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles to more than 1 wt% affects the membrane performance.
本研究的主要范围是制备和开发用于高效薄膜亲水复合正向渗透(TFC-FO)膜的基底和聚酰胺截留层。采用界面聚合法制备了薄膜纳米复合正渗透膜,并用二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米颗粒作为添加剂(TFNC-FO)对基底特性进行了改性。测定了所制备的TFC-FO和TFNC-FO膜的表征。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了TFC-FO和TFNC-FO膜的横截面、上表面和下表面的形貌。能量色散X射线(EDX)光谱用于检测两种膜的不同元素的组成。通过接触角测试的测量,研究了所制备的TFC-FO和TFNC-FO膜的亲水性。用傅立叶变换红外分光光度计观察了TFC-FO和TFNC-FO膜中存在的官能团。通过热重分析(TGA)评价了膜的热稳定性。通过不同的参数,如膜通量、初始进料浓度、提取溶液浓度、反溶质通量、膜渗透性,以及FO膜取向的影响,评估了添加和不添加TiO2纳米颗粒的TFC-FO膜的整体性能。通过添加0.5至1.5wt%的不同浓度的TiO2纳米颗粒,成功地提高了FO膜的性能。研究结果表明,浓度从0.5%增加到1wt%会导致纳米复合材料基底的孔隙率和亲水性明显增加,从而导致水通量增加。然而,进一步将TiO2纳米颗粒的浓度增加到1wt%以上会影响膜性能。
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引用次数: 3
Behavior characteristics of phosphorus and capping effect of microbubble flotation to control phosphorus release in the benthic sediment 磷的行为特征及微泡浮选控制海底沉积物磷释放的封盖作用
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2022.027
Yong-Ho Choi, Yong-Hoon Jeong, M. Jang, D. Kwak
Microbubbles were applied to remove phosphorus (P) and improve environmental water conditions on the surface of the benthic sediment in a eutrophic lake. Microbubble flotation (MF) was used to remove P in a laboratory-scale experiment device from the benthic sediment and overlying water field samples. The results of P tracing observation for MF treatment, which were identified based on the mass balance, showed P accumulated at a higher concentration in the floated scum than in the deposited sludge. Furthermore, while the amount of soluble P separated was insignificant, the removal efficiency of soluble P in the floated scum was higher than total P. As an additional effect, P release was suppressed by the injection of microbubbles, which reduced anaerobicization and improved environmental conditions in the overlying water of the lake. We also confirmed that the sludge that settled after flotation separation caused capping, which restrained P release by forming a layer on the surface of the sediment. The direct P flotation separation, provision of oxygen by injected microbubbles, and capping effect of re-deposited sludge are advantages associated with MF, and our results show that field application studies are warranted.
在富营养化湖泊中,应用微气泡对底栖沉积物表面的磷进行了去除,改善了水体环境条件。在实验室规模的实验装置中,使用微气泡浮选(MF)从海底沉积物和上覆流场样品中去除磷。基于质量平衡确定的MF处理的P示踪观测结果表明,悬浮浮渣中的P积累浓度高于沉积污泥中的P。此外,虽然分离出的可溶性磷含量不多,但悬浮浮渣中可溶性磷的去除效率高于总磷。此外,注入微气泡抑制了磷的释放,减少了厌氧作用,改善了湖泊上覆水中的环境条件。我们还证实,浮选分离后沉淀的污泥引起了封盖,通过在沉积物表面形成一层来抑制磷的释放。直接P浮选分离、注入微气泡提供氧气以及再沉积污泥的封盖效果是MF的优点,我们的研究结果表明,有必要进行现场应用研究。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical tools for water quality assessment and monitoring in river ecosystems – a scoping review and recommendations for data analysis 用于河流生态系统水质评估和监测的统计工具——范围审查和数据分析建议
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2022.028
Stefan G. Schreiber, Sanja Schreiber, R. Tanna, D. Roberts, T. Arciszewski
Robust scientific inference is crucial to ensure evidence-based decision making. Accordingly, the selection of appropriate statistical tools and experimental designs is integral to achieve accuracy from data analytical processes. Environmental monitoring of water quality has become increasingly common and widespread as a result of technological advances, leading to an abundance of datasets. We conducted a scoping review of the water quality literature and found that correlation and linear regression are by far the most used statistical tools. However, the accuracy of inferences drawn from ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques depends on a set of assumptions, most prominently: (a) independence among observations, (b) normally distributed errors, (c) equal variances of errors, and (d) balanced designs. Environmental data, however, are often faced with temporal and spatial dependencies, and unbalanced designs, thus making OLS techniques not suitable to provide valid statistical inferences. Generalized least squares (GLS), linear mixed-effect models (LMMs), and generalized linear mixed-effect models (GLMMs), as well as Bayesian data analyses, have been developed to better tackle these problems. Recent progress in the development of statistical software has made these approaches more accessible and user-friendly. We provide a high-level summary and practical guidance for those statistical techniques.
强有力的科学推理对于确保基于证据的决策至关重要。因此,选择适当的统计工具和实验设计对于实现数据分析过程的准确性是不可或缺的。由于技术进步,水质环境监测变得越来越普遍和广泛,导致数据集丰富。我们对水质文献进行了范围审查,发现相关性和线性回归是迄今为止最常用的统计工具。然而,从普通最小二乘(OLS)技术中得出的推断的准确性取决于一系列假设,最重要的是:(a)观测值之间的独立性,(b)正态分布误差,(c)误差方差相等,以及(d)平衡设计。然而,环境数据经常面临时空依赖性和不平衡设计,因此使OLS技术不适合提供有效的统计推断。广义最小二乘模型(GLS)、线性混合效应模型(lms)、广义线性混合效应模型(glmm)以及贝叶斯数据分析方法已经得到了发展,以更好地解决这些问题。最近在统计软件开发方面取得的进展使这些方法更易于使用和用户友好。我们为这些统计技术提供了一个高层次的总结和实用指导。
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引用次数: 9
Methylene blue removal using prepared activated carbon from grape wood wastes: adsorption process analysis and modeling 利用葡萄木废料制备活性炭去除亚甲基蓝:吸附过程分析与建模
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2021.015
S. Mousavi, D. Shahbazi, Arezoo Mahmoudi, Parastoo Darvishi
An adsorption study has been conducted for activated carbon obtained from grape wood wastes to assess their capability to remove methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solutions. The properties of prepared activated carbon were characterized using FTIR, BET and SEM analyses. The effects of independent variables such as initial concentration of MB (100–500 mg L−1), initial pH of solution (3–11), adsorbent dosage (0.25–12.25 g L−1) and contact time (10–90 min) on the MB adsorption have been optimized using response surface methodology. The highest MB removal efficiency was 98% when pH, MB and adsorbent dosage were 11, 100 mg L−1 and 12.25 g L−1, respectively. The experimental data have been tested using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the achieved data were fully fitted with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99), which indicates the monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics well followed by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 of 0.99. This prepared activated carbon as a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent can be used widely for water and wastewater treatment.
对从葡萄木废料中获得的活性炭进行了吸附研究,以评估其从水溶液中去除亚甲基蓝(MB)的能力。利用红外光谱、BET和扫描电镜对制备的活性炭的性能进行了表征。使用响应面法优化了MB的初始浓度(100–500 mg L−1)、溶液的初始pH(3–11)、吸附剂用量(0.25–12.25 g L−2)和接触时间(10–90分钟)等自变量对MB吸附的影响。当pH、MB和吸附剂用量分别为11、100 mg L−1和12.25 g L−1时,MB的最高去除率为98%。实验数据使用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线模型进行了测试,所获得的数据与Langmuir模型完全拟合(R2=0.99),表明了单层吸附。吸附动力学符合R2为0.99的拟二阶模型。这种制备的活性炭作为一种低成本、环保的吸附剂,可广泛用于水和废水处理。
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引用次数: 11
Predicting H2S emission from gravity sewer using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system 基于自适应神经模糊推理系统的重力下水道H2S排放预测
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2021.018
R. Salehi, S. Chaiprapat
A predictive model to estimate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission from sewers would offer engineers and asset managers the ability to evaluate the possible odor/corrosion problems during the design and operation of sewers to avoid in-sewer complications. This study aimed to model and forecast H2S emission from a gravity sewer, as a function of temperature and hydraulic conditions, without requiring prior knowledge of H2S emission mechanism. Two different adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models using grid partitioning (GP) and subtractive clustering (SC) approaches were developed, validated, and tested. The ANFIS-GP model was constructed with two Gaussian membership functions for each input. For the development of the ANFIS-SC model, the MATLAB default values for clustering parameters were selected. Results clearly indicated that both the best ANFIS-GP and ANFIS-SC models produced smaller error compared with the multiple regression models and demonstrated a superior predictive performance on forecasting H2S emission with an excellent R2 value of >0.99. However, the ANFIS-GP model possessed fewer rules and parameters than the ANFIS-SC model. These findings validate the ANFIS-GP model as a potent tool for predicting H2S emission from gravity sewers.
一个估算下水道硫化氢(H2S)排放的预测模型将为工程师和资产管理人员提供评估下水道设计和运营过程中可能出现的气味/腐蚀问题的能力,以避免下水道内部并发症。本研究旨在模拟和预测重力下水道的H2S排放,作为温度和水力条件的函数,而不需要事先了解H2S排放机制。采用网格划分(GP)和减法聚类(SC)两种不同的自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)模型进行了开发、验证和测试。每个输入用两个高斯隶属函数构造anfiss - gp模型。为了开发anfiss - sc模型,选择MATLAB默认的聚类参数值。结果表明,与多元回归模型相比,最佳的anfiss - gp和anfiss - sc模型误差较小,对H2S排放的预测效果较好,R2值为>0.99。然而,与anfiss - sc模型相比,anfiss - gp模型拥有更少的规则和参数。这些发现验证了anfiss - gp模型是预测重力下水道H2S排放的有效工具。
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引用次数: 2
Seasonal hydrological and water quality performance of individual and in-series stormwater infrastructures as treatment trains in cold climate 在寒冷气候下,单个和串联雨水基础设施作为处理列车的季节水文和水质性能
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2021-11-06 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2021.026
Caroline Brodeur-Doucet, Béatrice Pineau, Juliette Corrivault-Gascon, D. Arjoon, P. Lessard, G. Pelletier, S. Duchesne
The performance of stormwater treatment trains and of their individual green infrastructure was evaluated near Montreal, Canada. Three treatment trains were studied: Train 1 – five bioretention cells in series with a wet retention pond; Train 2 – an infiltration trench in series with a dry detention pond and Train 3 – Train 2 in series with a wet retention pond. A total of 47 rain events were monitored to quantity the hydrological performance, while water quality samples were taken during 24 rainfall events. During the summer, the bioretention cells led to a reduction in runoff volumes varying from 8 to 100%. Overall, the three studied treatment trains and all of the individual infrastructures, except for the dry pond, provided reductions in the mean concentrations of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorous. Results also showed that the use of a train of stormwater infrastructures can be more effective to reach Quebec's legislated targets than single infrastructures to remove those four contaminants, but only if the infrastructures are sequenced properly. Indeed, the addition of a dry basin at the end of Train 2 reduced the removal efficiency of the four studied contaminants.
在加拿大蒙特利尔附近,对雨水处理列车及其绿色基础设施的性能进行了评估。研究了三个处理组:1组- 5个生物滞留细胞串联,带湿滞留池;列车2 -一条串联的渗水沟,并设有一个干贮水池;列车3 -列车2串联的渗水沟,并设有一个湿贮水池。共监测了47个降雨事件,以量化水文性能,并在24个降雨事件中采集了水质样本。在夏季,生物滞留细胞使径流量减少了8%至100%。总的来说,研究的三个处理方案和除干池外的所有个别基础设施都降低了总悬浮固体、化学需氧量、总氮和总磷的平均浓度。结果还表明,使用一系列雨水基础设施可以比单一基础设施更有效地达到魁北克的立法目标,以去除这四种污染物,但前提是基础设施的顺序正确。事实上,在2号列车末端增加一个干水池降低了四种所研究污染物的去除效率。
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引用次数: 3
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Water Quality Research Journal
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