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Utility of a multi-tracer approach as a component of adaptive monitoring for municipal wastewater impacts 多示踪剂方法作为自适应监测城市污水影响的组成部分的效用
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2020.004
R. Tanna, M. Moncur, S. J. Birks, J. Gibson, C. Ptacek, B. Mayer, M. Wieser, F. Wrona, K. Munkittrick
Distinguishing municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) from other industrial effluents or through an urbanized watershed can be challenging. In complex receiving environments, linking environmental responses to specific compounds or effluents is not always straight forward. In order to characterize the inherent complexity of tracing MWWE in aquatic systems influenced by multiple stressors, a proposed multi-tracer suite is intended to highlight areas of potential biological concern. Characterization and quantification of effluent exposure to aquatic biota in this manner is essential to shape policies intended to encourage wastewater infrastructure development (i.e. treatment plant upgrade) and broader environmental management. This paper describes the use of a comprehensive suite of tracers that includes isotopes in support of a core surveillance program, demonstrating its effectiveness both empirically and with respect to diagnostic value contributed to monitoring programs.
区分城市废水(MWWE)与其他工业废水或通过城市化流域可能具有挑战性。在复杂的接收环境中,将环境反应与特定化合物或废水联系起来并不总是直截了当的。为了表征在受多种应激源影响的水生系统中追踪MWWE的固有复杂性,提出的多示踪剂套件旨在突出潜在的生物学关注领域。以这种方式对废水暴露于水生生物群的特征和量化对于制定旨在鼓励废水基础设施发展(即处理厂升级)和更广泛的环境管理的政策至关重要。本文描述了包括同位素在内的一套综合示踪剂的使用,以支持核心监测计划,证明了其在经验上和对监测计划的诊断价值方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 7
Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the adsorption of Direct Red 23 dye from aqueous solution using montmorillonite nanoclay 蒙脱土纳米粘土吸附直接红23染料的动力学与平衡研究
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2019.008
A. Mahvi, A. Dalvand
In this research, the adsorption of the Direct Red 23 dye from synthetic textile wastewater using nanoclay was studied in a batch system. The properties of nanoclay were investigated by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, and EDX analysis. The specific surface area of the nanoclay was determined using Sear's method. The results revealed that with increasing adsorbent dose and contact time and decreasing pH, ionic strength, and adsorbate concentration, dye removal efficiency has increased. Nanoclay could remove 99.4% dye from the solution containing 50 mg/L dye at 30 min. The results indicated that dye removal followed pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 > 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm. According to the findings, nanoclay is an effective adsorbent for direct dye removal from wastewater.
研究了纳米粘土对纺织合成废水中直接红23染料的吸附性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换和EDX分析对纳米粘土的性质进行了研究。采用Sear法测定了纳米粘土的比表面积。结果表明,随着吸附剂剂量和接触时间的增加,pH值、离子强度和吸附物浓度的降低,对染料的去除效率提高。在含50 mg/L染料的溶液中,纳米粘土在30 min内对染料的去除率达到99.4%。结果表明,纳米粘土对染料的去除率符合拟二级动力学(R2 > 0.99)和Langmuir等温线。研究结果表明,纳米粘土是一种有效的废水直接脱除染料的吸附剂。
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引用次数: 22
A global scan of how the issue of nutrient loading and harmful algal blooms is being addressed by governments, non-governmental organizations, and volunteers 对各国政府、非政府组织和志愿者如何解决营养负荷和有害藻华问题的全球扫描
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2019.013
É. Foulon, A. Rousseau, Glenn A. Benoy, R. North
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in aquatic ecosystems are of concern worldwide. This review deals with how jurisdictions around the world are addressing this water quality issue to inform recommendations regarding nutrient loading and HABs in Missisquoi Bay-Lake Champlain and Lake Memphremagog; transboundary lakes located in the USA and Canada that suffer from symptoms of eutrophication. A global scan of the literature resulted in the consideration of 12 case studies of large water bodies within large watersheds, excluding in-lake geoengineering approaches. Although all of the systems experience excessive nutrient loading, they vary in two key ways: sources of nutrients and manifestations of eutrophication ranging from HABs, to limited recreational uses, to the additional complexity of internal loadings and fish kills, up to drinking water shutdowns. The case studies were analyzed with respect to four categories of approaches, namely: (i) regulatory; (ii) incentive-based; (iii) risk mitigation; and (iv) outreach, engagement, and educational. We found that the management frameworks are based on integrated watershed management planning and national standards. National water quality standards, however, are not stringent enough to prevent HABs. Overall, identified case studies did not successfully remediate HABs, they simply managed them.
水生生态系统中的有害藻华(HABs)已成为全球关注的问题。本审查涉及世界各地的司法管辖区如何解决这一水质问题,以告知有关密苏里湾-尚普兰湖和孟菲斯湖的营养负荷和有害藻华的建议;位于美国和加拿大的跨界湖泊出现富营养化症状。对文献的全球扫描导致了对大型流域内大型水体的12个案例研究的考虑,不包括湖内地球工程方法。虽然所有的系统都经历了过度的营养负荷,但它们在两个关键方面有所不同:营养来源和富营养化的表现,从有害藻华到有限的娱乐用途,再到内部负荷和鱼类死亡的额外复杂性,再到饮用水的关闭。案例研究根据四类方法进行了分析,即:(i)监管;(2)激发动机的;(三)减轻风险;(四)外展、参与和教育。研究发现,管理框架以流域综合管理规划和国家标准为基础。然而,国家水质标准并没有严格到足以防止有害藻华。总的来说,确定的案例研究并没有成功地纠正有害藻华,他们只是管理它们。
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引用次数: 13
Water quality response to river flow regime at three major rivers in Alberta 阿尔伯塔省三条主要河流对河流流态的水质响应
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2019.033
S. Rostami, Jianxun He, Q. Hassan
Both anthropogenic activities and natural factors affect river water in quantity and quality, while anthropogenic activities have been often blamed to cause water quality temporal degradation. In addition, riverine water quality displays intra-annual/seasonal variations, which are often more prominent than inter-annual variations. The intra-annual variations in water quality, which are attracting the attention of managers and policy-makers, beg the question of how to better manage riverine water quality at a finer time resolution. The natural factors, in particular, the hydro-meteorological variables, could be the primary drivers of the intra-annual variations of riverine water quality. Therefore, this paper examined the association between riverine water quality and one hydro-meteorological variable (flow) with the focus on their relationship at the intra-annual timescale on three selected rivers in Alberta, Canada. The results demonstrated that flow drives intra-annual variation of riverine water quality in general. Moreover, some water quality parameters responded to flow distinctively at three flow regimes (low, medium, and high flows). Water quality parameters were categorized into eight groups according to their responses to flow at the flow regimes. These implied the challenges in water quality management while providing insight into how to formulate more effective water management strategies.
人类活动和自然因素对河流水的数量和质量都有影响,而人类活动经常被认为是造成水质时间退化的原因。此外,河流水质表现出年际/季节变化,年际变化往往比年际变化更为突出。水质的年内变化引起了管理者和决策者的注意,这就提出了一个问题,即如何在更精确的时间分辨率下更好地管理河流水质。自然因素,特别是水文气象变量,可能是河流水质年际变化的主要驱动因素。因此,本文研究了河流水质与一个水文气象变量(流量)之间的关系,重点研究了它们在年内时间尺度上的关系,选择了加拿大阿尔伯塔省的三条河流。结果表明,流量总体上驱动了河流水质的年内变化。此外,一些水质参数在三种流量(低、中、高流量)下对流量有明显的响应。根据其对水流的响应,将水质参数分为8类。这些都暗示了水质管理的挑战,同时为如何制定更有效的水管理策略提供了见解。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of habitat and pulp and paper mill contamination on a population of brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) 栖息地、纸浆厂和造纸厂污染对溪刺鱼种群的影响
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJ.2019.005
Gillian Z MacDonald, N. Hogan, M. V. D. Heuvel
This study examined the responses of a population of brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) exposed to pulp mill effluent at Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior, Canada, in May 2007 and May 2011. Brook stickleback were extirpated from the effluent-receiving site, presumably due to anoxia after this period. Females at the effluent-receiving site had significantly larger gonad sizes in 2007 and 2011. In 2011, effluent-exposed female gonadal development was significantly advanced when compared with reference sites; they were the second most mature when compared among three different reference sites. Analysis of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity revealed that effluent-receiving site females had greater CYP1A induction in 2007 and significantly greater CYP1A induction in 2011. Effluent-receiving site males showed significantly reduced CYP1A induction in 2007 and significantly greater induction in 2011. Chemical evaluation of sediment from the receiving environment showed elevated levels of resin acids and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, retene. Higher condition factors and more mature gonads were consistent with higher winter and spring temperatures modified by effluent or by lake vs. stream environments. Overall, effects on effluent-exposed brook stickleback were not consistent with reported effects in white sucker exposed to the same effluent in previous studies. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).
本研究于2007年5月和2011年5月在加拿大苏必利尔湖的Jackfish Bay研究了接触纸浆厂废水的棘鱼种群(Culaea inconstans)。小溪棘鱼被从污水接收处清除,大概是由于这段时间后缺氧。2007年和2011年,污水接收点的雌性性腺尺寸显著增大。2011年,与参考地点相比,暴露于污水的女性性腺发育显著提前;在三个不同的参考站点中,它们是第二成熟的。对7-乙氧基间苯甲醚- o -去乙基酶活性的分析显示,2007年,污水接收部位雌性的CYP1A诱导程度更高,2011年的CYP1A诱导程度显著更高。2007年,污水接收区雄鱼CYP1A诱导显著降低,2011年显著增强。接收环境中沉积物的化学评价显示树脂酸和多环芳烃(retene)含量升高。较高的条件因子和更成熟的性腺与较高的冬季和春季温度相一致,这些温度是由流出物或湖泊与溪流环境改变的。总的来说,对暴露于废水的小溪棘鱼的影响与先前研究中暴露于相同废水的白色吸盘的报道效果不一致。感谢CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca)的大力支持,本文已开放获取。
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引用次数: 5
The removal efficiency of total coliform, Escherichia coli, suspended solids, UV254 and colour using Zeliac filter in riverbank filtration system Zeliac过滤器在河岸过滤系统中对总大肠菌群、大肠杆菌、悬浮物、UV254和色度的去除效率
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJ.2019.052
H. A. Aziz, N. Ibrahim, M. Alazaiza, Cheong Kah Win
Addition of composite adsorbent Zeliac to a riverbank filtration system can enhance the removal of micropollutants in polluted river water. This paper aims to investigate the potential use of Zeliac to remove pollutants, such as total coliform, Escherichia coli, suspended solids (SSs), UV254 and colour, from the Sungai Kerian River. Two columns filled with Zeliac of different granular sizes were established and continuously run for 15 days. Maximum SS removals of 93% and 98% were recorded for Zeliac with granular sizes of 1.18–2 mm and 0.42–0.6 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, 99%–100% of total coliform was removed from the system, and no E. coli was detected in the effluent up to 15 h of the experiments. High removal efficiencies were also recorded for UV254 (>80%) and colour (>90%). Granular size showed no significant effect on the removal of the selected parameters, especially total coliform and E. coli. Zeliac showed good potential as an adsorbent to improve water treatment.
在河岸过滤系统中加入复合吸附剂Zeliac可以提高对污染河水中微污染物的去除率。本文旨在研究Zeliac去除Sungai Kerian河污染物的潜在用途,如总大肠菌群、大肠杆菌、悬浮固体(SS)、UV254和色度。建立两个填充有不同粒度的Zeliac的柱,并连续运行15天。粒径分别为1.18–2 mm和0.42–0.6 mm的Zeliac的最大SS去除率分别为93%和98%。同时,99%–100%的总大肠菌群从系统中去除,并且在实验的15小时内,在流出物中未检测到大肠杆菌。UV254(>80%)和颜色(>90%)的去除效率也很高。颗粒大小对所选参数的去除没有显著影响,尤其是总大肠菌群和大肠杆菌。泽利亚克作为一种改进水处理的吸附剂显示出良好的潜力。
{"title":"The removal efficiency of total coliform, Escherichia coli, suspended solids, UV254 and colour using Zeliac filter in riverbank filtration system","authors":"H. A. Aziz, N. Ibrahim, M. Alazaiza, Cheong Kah Win","doi":"10.2166/WQRJ.2019.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJ.2019.052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Addition of composite adsorbent Zeliac to a riverbank filtration system can enhance the removal of micropollutants in polluted river water. This paper aims to investigate the potential use of Zeliac to remove pollutants, such as total coliform, Escherichia coli, suspended solids (SSs), UV254 and colour, from the Sungai Kerian River. Two columns filled with Zeliac of different granular sizes were established and continuously run for 15 days. Maximum SS removals of 93% and 98% were recorded for Zeliac with granular sizes of 1.18–2 mm and 0.42–0.6 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, 99%–100% of total coliform was removed from the system, and no E. coli was detected in the effluent up to 15 h of the experiments. High removal efficiencies were also recorded for UV254 (>80%) and colour (>90%). Granular size showed no significant effect on the removal of the selected parameters, especially total coliform and E. coli. Zeliac showed good potential as an adsorbent to improve water treatment.","PeriodicalId":23720,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJ.2019.052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49393255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Exploring private water wells for fecal sources and evidence of pathogen presence in the context of current testing practices for potability in Ontario 在目前安大略省饮用水测试实践的背景下,探索私人水井的粪便来源和病原体存在的证据
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJ.2019.035
Sophie Felleiter, K. Mcdermott, Geof Hall, P. Sheth, A. Majury
Private water wells provide drinking water for an estimated 4.1 million households in Canada yet remain understudied in the context of microbial water quality or human health impacts. As there exists little systematic surveillance for enteric infections or outbreaks related to well water sources, consumers may be at risk of waterborne infectious diseases. A standard protocol in Ontario requires 200 mL of water, collected, and submitted by well owners, half of which is used to analyze for Escherichia coli and total coliforms (TCs). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of testing small water volumes and to survey for other contaminants in addition to bacterial indicators to inform pathogen prevalence and fecal source in drinking water wells. Samples were assessed for E. coli and TCs, by culture, and genetic markers of Bacteroides spp., Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, using qPCR. The source of fecal contamination varied by the geographic region and may be explained by septic tank density and underlying geology, among other factors. A small number of samples (1.9%) showed the evidence of contamination with enteric pathogens. Lastly, E. coli measured by qPCR, as opposed to culture, correlated more strongly to Bacteroides markers.
私人水井为加拿大约410万户家庭提供饮用水,但在微生物水质或人类健康影响方面仍然研究不足。由于对与井水水源有关的肠道感染或疫情几乎没有系统的监测,消费者可能面临水传播传染病的风险。安大略省的一项标准方案需要200毫升水,由油井所有者收集并提交,其中一半用于分析大肠杆菌和总大肠菌群(TC)。本研究的目的是确定小水量测试的有效性,并调查除细菌指标外的其他污染物,以了解饮用水井中的病原体流行率和粪便来源。使用qPCR,通过培养和拟杆菌属、弯曲杆菌属、沙门氏菌属和产志贺毒素大肠杆菌的遗传标记来评估样品的大肠杆菌和TC。粪便污染的来源因地理区域而异,可以通过化粪池密度和潜在地质等因素来解释。少数样本(1.9%)显示有肠道病原体污染的证据。最后,与培养相比,通过qPCR测量的大肠杆菌与拟杆菌标志物的相关性更强。
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引用次数: 5
Remediation of bio-refinery wastewater containing organic and inorganic toxic pollutants by adsorption onto chitosan-based magnetic nanosorbent 壳聚糖基磁性纳米吸附剂吸附修复含有机和无机有毒污染物的生物炼油厂废水
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2019.003
A. Kumar, Kongkona Saikia, Gerard Neeraj, H. Cabana, Vaidyanathan Kumar
The novelty of the current study deals with the application of magnetic nanosorbent, chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (cMNPs), to be utilized for the management of lignocellulosic bio-refinery wastewater (LBW) containing three heavy metals and 26 phenolic compounds. The magnetic property of the adsorbent, confirmed by elemental and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis (saturation magnetization of 26.96 emu/g), allows easy separation of the particles in the presence of an external magnetic field. At pH 6.0, with optimized adsorbent dosage of 2.0 g/L and 90 min contact time, maximum removal of phenol (46.2%), copper (42.2%), chromium (18.7%) and arsenic (2.44%) was observed. The extent of removal of phenolic compounds was in the order: polysubstituted > di-substituted > mono-substituted > cresol > phenol. Overall, the adsorption capacity (qe) of cMNPs varies among the different contaminants in the following manner: copper (1.03 mg/g), chromium (0.20 mg/g), arsenic (0.04 mg/g) and phenol (0.56 mg/g). Post-adsorption, retrieving the cMNPs using an external magnetic field followed by single-step desorption via acid–base treatment is attractive for implementation in industrial settings. Reusability of the adsorbent was studied by recycling the cMNPs for five consecutive rounds of adsorption followed by desorption, at the end of which, cMNPs retained 20% of their initial adsorption capacity.
本研究的新颖之处在于应用磁性纳米吸附剂,即壳聚糖包覆的磁性纳米颗粒(cMNPs),用于处理含有三种重金属和26种酚类化合物的木质纤维素生物炼油废水。通过元素和振动样品磁强计分析(26.96emu/g的饱和磁化强度)证实,吸附剂的磁性能允许在存在外部磁场的情况下容易地分离颗粒。在pH 6.0条件下,当吸附剂用量为2.0g/L,接触时间为90min时,苯酚(46.2%)、铜(42.2%)、铬(18.7%)和砷(2.44%)的去除率最高。酚类化合物的去除程度依次为:多取代>二取代>单取代>甲酚>苯酚。总的来说,cMNPs的吸附容量(qe)在不同污染物之间以以下方式变化:铜(1.03mg/g)、铬(0.20mg/g)、砷(0.04mg/g)和苯酚(0.56mg/g)。吸附后,使用外部磁场回收cMNP,然后通过酸碱处理进行一步解吸,这对于在工业环境中实施很有吸引力。吸附剂的可重复使用性是通过将cMNPs循环进行连续五轮吸附,然后进行解吸来研究的,在解吸结束时,cMNPs保留了其初始吸附容量的20%。
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引用次数: 17
Prediction of dissolved oxygen in urban rivers at the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: extreme learning machines (ELM) versus artificial neural network (ANN) 三峡库区城市河流溶解氧预测:极限学习机与人工神经网络的对比
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJ.2019.053
Senlin Zhu, S. Heddam
In the present study, two non-linear mathematical modelling approaches, namely, extreme learning machine (ELM) and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) were developed to predict daily dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Water quality data from four urban rivers in the backwater zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China were used. The water quality data selected consisted of daily observed water temperature, pH, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and DO. The accuracy of the ELM model was compared with the standard MLPNN using several error statistics such as root mean squared error, mean absolute error, the coefficient of correlation and the Willmott index of agreement. Results showed that the ELM and MLPNN models perform well for the Wubu River, acceptably for the Yipin River and moderately for the Huaxi River, while poor model performance was obtained at the Tributary of Huaxi River. Model performance is negatively correlated with pollution level in each river. The MLPNN model slightly outperforms the ELM model in DO prediction. Overall, it can be concluded that MLPNN and ELM models can be applied for DO prediction in low-impacted rivers, while they may not be appropriate for DO modelling for highly polluted rivers. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).
在本研究中,开发了两种非线性数学建模方法,即极限学习机(ELM)和多层感知器神经网络(MLPNN)来预测每日溶解氧(DO)浓度。使用了中国三峡水库回水区四条城市河流的水质数据。所选的水质数据包括每日观测的水温、pH、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、电导率、化学需氧量、总氮、总磷和DO。使用均方根误差、平均绝对误差、,相关系数和Willmott一致性指数。结果表明,ELM和MLPNN模型在乌布河表现良好,在一品河表现尚可,在花溪河表现中等,而在花溪支流表现较差。模型性能与每条河流的污染水平呈负相关。MLPNN模型在DO预测方面略优于ELM模型。总体而言,可以得出结论,MLPNN和ELM模型可以应用于低影响河流的DO预测,而它们可能不适用于高污染河流的DO建模。由于CAWQ/ACQE的大力支持,本文已被开放获取(https://www.cawq.ca)。
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引用次数: 56
Ozonation of natural organic matter and aquatic humic substances: the effects of ozone on the structural characteristics and subsequent trihalomethane formation potential 天然有机物和水生腐殖质的臭氧化:臭氧对结构特征和随后的三卤甲烷形成潜力的影响
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2020.011
Mehrnaz Sadrnourmohammadi, K. Brezinski, B. Gorczyca
The effect of ozonation on the structural and chemical characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) and its isolated humic fractions, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid, were studied using Fourier transform infrared coupled to attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, and synchronous scanning fluorescence (SSF) spectroscopy. The results were linked to the effect of ozonation on trihalomethane formation potential (THMfp) reduction for water standards with high THM precursors. Results showed that ozonation at a dose of 1 mg ozone/mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was capable of reducing DOC, UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and THMfp by up to 42%, 95%, and 89% for the HA water standard, respectively. The study of UV/Vis, FTIR-ATR, and SSF revealed trends showing that ozone can alter the composition of DOC in the water standards, causing a significant reduction in aromaticity. The reduction of UV254 for each ozonated sample also affirms that ozone mainly targets aromatic moieties contained in NOM. FTIR-ATR results showed that the reduction of unsaturated functional groups, including aromatic rings and C = C bonds in the water standards tested, were the main components impacted by ozone application. SSF results also revealed that ozonation decreases the fluorescence intensity of the maximum peak – as well as the whole spectra.
采用傅里叶变换红外耦合衰减全反射(FTIR-ATR)、紫外/可见(UV/Vis)光谱和同步扫描荧光(SSF)光谱研究了臭氧化对天然有机质(NOM)及其分离腐植酸(HA)和黄腐酸(fulvic acid)的结构和化学特性的影响。这些结果与臭氧化对具有高THM前体的水标准的三卤甲烷形成势(THMfp)降低的影响有关。结果表明,1 mg臭氧/mg溶解有机碳(DOC)的臭氧化处理可使HA水标准的DOC、UV254波长吸光度和THMfp分别降低42%、95%和89%。UV/Vis、FTIR-ATR和SSF的研究表明,臭氧可以改变水标准中DOC的组成,导致芳香性显著降低。每个臭氧化样品的UV254的降低也证实了臭氧主要针对NOM中所含的芳香基团。FTIR-ATR结果表明,臭氧应用影响的主要成分是不饱和官能团的减少,包括被测水标准中的芳香环和C = C键。SSF结果还表明,臭氧化降低了最大峰-和整个光谱的荧光强度。
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引用次数: 7
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