Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.225
M. Rahman, Md. Abu Taleb Pramanik
Mangroves are important coastal ecosystems and are located at the inter-tidal zones of tropical and sub-tropical belts. The global mangrove forests are declining dramatically because of the conversion of forests to shrimp farming, over-exploitation, pollution and freshwater diversion. The Bangladesh Forest Department initiated mangrove afforestation throughout the coastal belts of Bangladesh in 1966 to provide better protection for the coastal communities. Up to 1990, 120,000 ha of mangroves had been planted and it is one of the largest coastal afforestaton programs in the world. The objective of this study is to exploit the spatial extent of mangrove plantation and their dynamics of changes over the last two decades using multispectral Landsat imagery. The study area covers the coastal areas of Bangladesh that is extended over the eastern part of Sundarbans up to Teknaf, the southern tip of mainland Bangladesh. Mangrove plantations were interpreted visually on computer screen and interactive delineation of forest boundary was done. The mangrove plantation area has been estimated as 32,725, 47,636 and 43,166 ha for the year of 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively. Mangrove deforestation by human activity has increased almost six times in the recent decade in comparison to the previous one. The mangrove forest loss due to coastal erosion has slightly declined in the 2000s. Mangroves have been lost primarily because of agricultural expansion. The result of this investigation will be helpful to understand the dynamics of mangrove plantation and the main drivers of changes in this coastal ecosystem.
{"title":"Monitoring Mangrove Plantation along the Coastal Belts of Bangladesh (1989-2010)","authors":"M. Rahman, Md. Abu Taleb Pramanik","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.225","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves are important coastal ecosystems and are located at the inter-tidal zones of tropical and sub-tropical belts. The global mangrove forests are declining dramatically because of the conversion of forests to shrimp farming, over-exploitation, pollution and freshwater diversion. The Bangladesh Forest Department initiated mangrove afforestation throughout the coastal belts of Bangladesh in 1966 to provide better protection for the coastal communities. Up to 1990, 120,000 ha of mangroves had been planted and it is one of the largest coastal afforestaton programs in the world. The objective of this study is to exploit the spatial extent of mangrove plantation and their dynamics of changes over the last two decades using multispectral Landsat imagery. The study area covers the coastal areas of Bangladesh that is extended over the eastern part of Sundarbans up to Teknaf, the southern tip of mainland Bangladesh. Mangrove plantations were interpreted visually on computer screen and interactive delineation of forest boundary was done. The mangrove plantation area has been estimated as 32,725, 47,636 and 43,166 ha for the year of 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively. Mangrove deforestation by human activity has increased almost six times in the recent decade in comparison to the previous one. The mangrove forest loss due to coastal erosion has slightly declined in the 2000s. Mangroves have been lost primarily because of agricultural expansion. The result of this investigation will be helpful to understand the dynamics of mangrove plantation and the main drivers of changes in this coastal ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"147 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129982824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.235
A. Prasetyo, R. Endo, Y. Takashima, H. Aiso, F. Hidayati, J. Tanabe, F. Ishiguri, K. Iizuka, S. Yokota
Abstract Zelkova serrata is an important hardwood species for the timber industry in Japan. Tree breeding programs for this species have mainly focused on growth characteristics such as stem diameter (D), tree height (TH), stem form, and branching. In order to fulfill timber industry needs, wood quality improvement should be included in the tree breeding program of this species. In the present study, growth characteristics, such as D and TH, and the stress-wave velocity (SWV), which is highly correlated with Young’s modulus of wood, were measured for 20-year-old Z. serrata from eight half-sib families planted in a progeny test site with three different initial spacings. Significant differences in all the measured characteristics were found among the eight half-sib families. The variance components of the half-sib families for D, TH, and SWV were 27.2%, 47.3%, and 33.5%, respectively. These results indicate that all the measured characteristics of this species could be improved by tree breeding programs. In addition, only low correlation coefficients were obtained between the growth characteristics and SWV, indicating that extensive selection on SWV in tree breeding programs may not always lead to a reduction in yield volume.Key Words: Zelkova serrata, wood quality, stress-wave velocity, spacing effect, growth characterists
{"title":"Variations in Growth Characteristics and Stress-wave Velocities of Zelkova serrata Trees from Eight Half-sib Families Planted in Three Different Initial Spacings","authors":"A. Prasetyo, R. Endo, Y. Takashima, H. Aiso, F. Hidayati, J. Tanabe, F. Ishiguri, K. Iizuka, S. Yokota","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.235","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Zelkova serrata is an important hardwood species for the timber industry in Japan. Tree breeding programs for this species have mainly focused on growth characteristics such as stem diameter (D), tree height (TH), stem form, and branching. In order to fulfill timber industry needs, wood quality improvement should be included in the tree breeding program of this species. In the present study, growth characteristics, such as D and TH, and the stress-wave velocity (SWV), which is highly correlated with Young’s modulus of wood, were measured for 20-year-old Z. serrata from eight half-sib families planted in a progeny test site with three different initial spacings. Significant differences in all the measured characteristics were found among the eight half-sib families. The variance components of the half-sib families for D, TH, and SWV were 27.2%, 47.3%, and 33.5%, respectively. These results indicate that all the measured characteristics of this species could be improved by tree breeding programs. In addition, only low correlation coefficients were obtained between the growth characteristics and SWV, indicating that extensive selection on SWV in tree breeding programs may not always lead to a reduction in yield volume.Key Words: Zelkova serrata, wood quality, stress-wave velocity, spacing effect, growth characterists","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133004138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.164
A. Paul, S. Bhattacharjee, B. Choudhury, M. L. Khan
Cyathea gigantea is a tree fern distributed throughout humid tropical regions of northeast India and other parts of the country. However, wild populations of this species are largely affected by various natural and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the population structure and regeneration status of C. gigantea in and around greater Itanagar area of Papum Pare district, Arunachal Pradesh. Altogether 45 patches, ranging from 19.63 to 260 m 2 of area, were randomly sampled to study population structure and regeneration status of the species. Population study showed highest number of youngs in the height class of 0.50-0.75 m while, immatures were recorded highest in the height class of 2.0 to 2.5 m. Majority of the matures belonged to 6-9 m height class while it was recorded maximum in the diameter class of 10-15 cm. Average density of C. gigantea was 0.07 individuals ha -1 which varied greatly among different patches with a range of 2 to 14. Significant correlations were found between patch size and density of youngs, immatures, matures and total density. Maximum concentration of youngs was observed in patch size 60-140 m 2 , while for immatures, it was highest in patch size 20-160 m 2 . Similarly, highest concentration of matures was observed in patch size 20-80 m 2 and 80-180 m 2 . Population structure of the total population exhibited inverted pyramid shaped distribution. Population structure consisting of youngs, immatures, matures showed that around 60% patches lack of regenerating individuals which depict very poor natural regeneration of the species. Effective conservation strategies are therefore to be formulated to save C. gigantea from the threat of extinction in near future.
{"title":"Population Structure and Regeneration Status of Cyathea gigantea (Wallich ex Hook. f.) Holttum, a Tree Fern in Arunachal Pradesh, India","authors":"A. Paul, S. Bhattacharjee, B. Choudhury, M. L. Khan","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.164","url":null,"abstract":"Cyathea gigantea is a tree fern distributed throughout humid tropical regions of northeast India and other parts of the country. However, wild populations of this species are largely affected by various natural and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the population structure and regeneration status of C. gigantea in and around greater Itanagar area of Papum Pare district, Arunachal Pradesh. Altogether 45 patches, ranging from 19.63 to 260 m 2 of area, were randomly sampled to study population structure and regeneration status of the species. Population study showed highest number of youngs in the height class of 0.50-0.75 m while, immatures were recorded highest in the height class of 2.0 to 2.5 m. Majority of the matures belonged to 6-9 m height class while it was recorded maximum in the diameter class of 10-15 cm. Average density of C. gigantea was 0.07 individuals ha -1 which varied greatly among different patches with a range of 2 to 14. Significant correlations were found between patch size and density of youngs, immatures, matures and total density. Maximum concentration of youngs was observed in patch size 60-140 m 2 , while for immatures, it was highest in patch size 20-160 m 2 . Similarly, highest concentration of matures was observed in patch size 20-80 m 2 and 80-180 m 2 . Population structure of the total population exhibited inverted pyramid shaped distribution. Population structure consisting of youngs, immatures, matures showed that around 60% patches lack of regenerating individuals which depict very poor natural regeneration of the species. Effective conservation strategies are therefore to be formulated to save C. gigantea from the threat of extinction in near future.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131454650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.177
Thinh V. D. Nguyen, R. Mitlöhner, N. V. Bich, T. Do
Abstract The effect of environmental variables on the presence and abundance of tree species in a tropical lowland undisturbed limestone and non-limestone forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam was investigated. The relationships between 13 environmental variables and 29 tree species with a DBH ≥10 cm, as well as between six 6 physical variables with 26 species of seedling and sapling communities were assessed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Data concerning all tree species ≥10 cm DBH were collected from eighteen 400 m 2 sample plots, while the abundance of regeneration (all individuals ≤5 cm DBH) was counted in fifty 2x20 m strip-plots. The significance of species-environments correlations were tested by distribution-free Monte Carlo tests. The CCA of the 29 examined tree species and 13 environmental variables indicated that the presence and abundance of the tree species were closely related to topographic factors. We may confirm that soil properties including pH, soil moisture content, and soil textures, were the most crucial factor in tree species composition and their distribution. Several species including Pometia pinnata, Amesiodendron chinense, Gironniera cuspidate, Cinnamomum mairei, and Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis were not controlled by soil properties and topographic variables. The CCA also indicated that the abundance of regeneration tree species at all sites had positive and significant correlations with soil depth, while the occurrence of several other tree species (such as Koilodepas longifolium and Aglaia dasyclada) was positively correlated with a higher slope and rocky outcrop.Key Words: Undisturbed limestone and non-limestone forest, environmental factors, canonical correspondence analysis, vegetation-environment relationship
摘要研究了越南本恩国家公园热带低地未受干扰的石灰岩和非石灰岩森林中环境变量对树种存在和丰度的影响。采用典型对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)评价了13个环境变量与29种胸径≥10 cm树种之间的关系，以及6个物理变量与26种苗木群落之间的关系。在18个400 m2样地中收集了≥10 cm DBH的所有树种的数据，在50个2 × 20 m2样地中统计了所有个体≤5 cm DBH的更新丰度。采用无分布蒙特卡洛检验对物种-环境相关性进行了显著性检验。29种树种和13个环境变量的CCA表明，树种的存在度和丰度与地形因子密切相关。我们可以证实，土壤性质，包括pH、土壤含水量和土壤质地，是影响树种组成及其分布的最关键因素。石榴树(Pometia pinnata)、Amesiodendron chinense、Gironniera cuspidate、Cinnamomum marei和Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis等几种植物不受土壤性质和地形变量的控制。CCA还表明，各样地更新树种的丰度与土壤深度呈显著正相关，而其他树种(如长叶阔叶树和水杨树)的发生与较高的坡度和岩石露头呈显著正相关。关键词:原生态灰岩与非灰岩森林;环境因子;典型对应分析
{"title":"Environmental Factors Affecting the Abundance and Presence of Tree Species in a Tropical Lowland Limestone and Non-limestone Forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam","authors":"Thinh V. D. Nguyen, R. Mitlöhner, N. V. Bich, T. Do","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.177","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of environmental variables on the presence and abundance of tree species in a tropical lowland undisturbed limestone and non-limestone forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam was investigated. The relationships between 13 environmental variables and 29 tree species with a DBH ≥10 cm, as well as between six 6 physical variables with 26 species of seedling and sapling communities were assessed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Data concerning all tree species ≥10 cm DBH were collected from eighteen 400 m 2 sample plots, while the abundance of regeneration (all individuals ≤5 cm DBH) was counted in fifty 2x20 m strip-plots. The significance of species-environments correlations were tested by distribution-free Monte Carlo tests. The CCA of the 29 examined tree species and 13 environmental variables indicated that the presence and abundance of the tree species were closely related to topographic factors. We may confirm that soil properties including pH, soil moisture content, and soil textures, were the most crucial factor in tree species composition and their distribution. Several species including Pometia pinnata, Amesiodendron chinense, Gironniera cuspidate, Cinnamomum mairei, and Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis were not controlled by soil properties and topographic variables. The CCA also indicated that the abundance of regeneration tree species at all sites had positive and significant correlations with soil depth, while the occurrence of several other tree species (such as Koilodepas longifolium and Aglaia dasyclada) was positively correlated with a higher slope and rocky outcrop.Key Words: Undisturbed limestone and non-limestone forest, environmental factors, canonical correspondence analysis, vegetation-environment relationship","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121689798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.192
M. Hossain, M. Hossain, M. Alam, M. Uddin
Information on plant diversity and community structure are required to chalk out necessary actions for conservation management. The present study assessed the composition and diversity of tree species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh, during April 2010 to November 2011. A total of 107 tree species belonging to 72 genera and 37 families were recorded, where Moraceae family was represented by maximum (11) species. Density, Basal area and volume of tree species were 418 ± 20.09stem/ha 21.10±2.62m2/ha and 417.4 ± 79.8m3/ha respectively. Diameter and height class distribution of tree species revealed an almost reverse J-shaped curve. Both the number of species and percentage of tree individuals were maximum in the lower DBH and height ranges. Anthropogenic disturbances like illegal tree cutting, over extraction, settlement inside forest area etc. were noticed during the study, which are supposed to cause gradual decrease of both tree species and individuals in the higher DBH and height classes. However, Artocarpus chama was found dominant showing maximum IVI followed by Schima wallichii, Aporosa wallichii, and Lithocarpus acuminata. The quantitative structure of the tree species of Kamalachari natural forest is comparable to other tree species rich tropical natural forests. The findings of the study may help in monitoring future plant population changes of the identified species and adopting species specific conservation programs in Kamalachari natural forest.
{"title":"Composition and Diversity of Tree Species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Hossain, M. Hossain, M. Alam, M. Uddin","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.192","url":null,"abstract":"Information on plant diversity and community structure are required to chalk out necessary actions for conservation management. The present study assessed the composition and diversity of tree species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh, during April 2010 to November 2011. A total of 107 tree species belonging to 72 genera and 37 families were recorded, where Moraceae family was represented by maximum (11) species. Density, Basal area and volume of tree species were 418 ± 20.09stem/ha 21.10±2.62m2/ha and 417.4 ± 79.8m3/ha respectively. Diameter and height class distribution of tree species revealed an almost reverse J-shaped curve. Both the number of species and percentage of tree individuals were maximum in the lower DBH and height ranges. Anthropogenic disturbances like illegal tree cutting, over extraction, settlement inside forest area etc. were noticed during the study, which are supposed to cause gradual decrease of both tree species and individuals in the higher DBH and height classes. However, Artocarpus chama was found dominant showing maximum IVI followed by Schima wallichii, Aporosa wallichii, and Lithocarpus acuminata. The quantitative structure of the tree species of Kamalachari natural forest is comparable to other tree species rich tropical natural forests. The findings of the study may help in monitoring future plant population changes of the identified species and adopting species specific conservation programs in Kamalachari natural forest.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130490086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.202
Daesung Lee, Y. Seo, Gildong Park, Jungkee Choi
Abstract Site index curves were developed for Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang provinces in Korea. For the development of site index, Schumacher and Chapman-Richards model were applied using the data collected from 2012 to 2014. Base age was set to 40 years for Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis in site index of this study. Coefficient of determination and root mean square error of site index models were provided by species, and the models were compared with the previous studies to check the suitability. Overall, site index models developed in this study fitted in the current data well. Thus, the site indexes are considered to be properly used in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang provinces.Key Words: Schumacher model, Chapman-Richards model, Base age, Dominant tree height Received: August 6, 2015. Revised: August 13, 2015. Accepted: August 13, 2015.Corresponding author: Jungkee ChoiDepartment of Forest Management, College of Forest and Environm ental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, R epublic of KoreaTel: 82-33-250-8337, Fax: 82-33-259-5617, E-mail: jungkee@kangw on.ac.kr
{"title":"Estimation of Site Index for Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang Provinces","authors":"Daesung Lee, Y. Seo, Gildong Park, Jungkee Choi","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Site index curves were developed for Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang provinces in Korea. For the development of site index, Schumacher and Chapman-Richards model were applied using the data collected from 2012 to 2014. Base age was set to 40 years for Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis in site index of this study. Coefficient of determination and root mean square error of site index models were provided by species, and the models were compared with the previous studies to check the suitability. Overall, site index models developed in this study fitted in the current data well. Thus, the site indexes are considered to be properly used in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang provinces.Key Words: Schumacher model, Chapman-Richards model, Base age, Dominant tree height Received: August 6, 2015. Revised: August 13, 2015. Accepted: August 13, 2015.Corresponding author: Jungkee ChoiDepartment of Forest Management, College of Forest and Environm ental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, R epublic of KoreaTel: 82-33-250-8337, Fax: 82-33-259-5617, E-mail: jungkee@kangw on.ac.kr","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127276924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.207
Jung Taek Kim, Jaeuk Kim, Woo-kyun Lee, S. Jeon, Joon-Soon Kim
Abstract It is estimated that there is a total of approximately 100,000 species in Korea. However, the number is currently about 30,000 and only 16,027 species are listed in the ‘Species Korea’ (as of December, 2014). Of the listed species, 51 species are designated as the Endangered Species Class I while 195 species are in the Class II, totaling 246 endangered species including 20 mammals. Under the circumstances that development (e.g., roads) is increasingly threatening the persistence of endangered mammals, it is significant to identify and preserve suitable habitats for them. In this context, evaluating the values of the suitable habitat environment would serve as essential information for development decision making. This study estimated the values of endangered mammals’ forest habitats through spatialization of habitat services. In doing so, a species distribution model, Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) was utilized for a group of endangered mammals including, mountain goat, wildcat, marten cat, and flying squirrel. To calculate the values per unit area, a benefit transfer method was used based on the point-estimate technique with the best available values estimated previously. The range of discount rate of 3.0 to 5.5 percent was applied taking the notion of social discount rate into account. As a result, the province with the highest values for endangered mammal habitats appeared to be Gangwon, followed by Gyeongbuk and Gyeongnam. The monetary values of the endangered mammal habitats were estimated to be 330 billion to 421 billion won per year.Key Words: endangered mammals, habitat, values per unit area, benefit transfer method, social discount rate
{"title":"Valuation of Forest Habitat Functions of Endangered Mammals Using Species Distribution Model","authors":"Jung Taek Kim, Jaeuk Kim, Woo-kyun Lee, S. Jeon, Joon-Soon Kim","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is estimated that there is a total of approximately 100,000 species in Korea. However, the number is currently about 30,000 and only 16,027 species are listed in the ‘Species Korea’ (as of December, 2014). Of the listed species, 51 species are designated as the Endangered Species Class I while 195 species are in the Class II, totaling 246 endangered species including 20 mammals. Under the circumstances that development (e.g., roads) is increasingly threatening the persistence of endangered mammals, it is significant to identify and preserve suitable habitats for them. In this context, evaluating the values of the suitable habitat environment would serve as essential information for development decision making. This study estimated the values of endangered mammals’ forest habitats through spatialization of habitat services. In doing so, a species distribution model, Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) was utilized for a group of endangered mammals including, mountain goat, wildcat, marten cat, and flying squirrel. To calculate the values per unit area, a benefit transfer method was used based on the point-estimate technique with the best available values estimated previously. The range of discount rate of 3.0 to 5.5 percent was applied taking the notion of social discount rate into account. As a result, the province with the highest values for endangered mammal habitats appeared to be Gangwon, followed by Gyeongbuk and Gyeongnam. The monetary values of the endangered mammal habitats were estimated to be 330 billion to 421 billion won per year.Key Words: endangered mammals, habitat, values per unit area, benefit transfer method, social discount rate","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"6 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134064158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.73
M. Mirzaei, A. Bonyad, M. M. Bijarpas, F. Golmohamadi
Abstract Acquiring accurate quantitative and qualitative information is necessary for the technical and scientific management of forest stands. In this study, stratification and systematic random sampling methods were used to estimation of quantitative characteristics in study area. The estimator (((E%) 2 xT)) was used to compare the systematic random and stratified sampling methods. 100 percent inventory was carried out in an area of 400 hectares; characteristics as: tree density, crown cover (canopy), and basal area were measured. Tree density of stands was compared through systemic random and stratified sampling methods. Findings of the study reveal that stratified sampling method gives a better representation of estimates than systematic random sampling.Key Words: inventory, systematic random, stratification, zagros forests Received: October 18, 2014. Revised: December 13, 2014. Accepte d: December 16, 2014.Corresponding author: Mehrdad MirzaeiFaculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara 1144, IranTel: (98)9187429259, 1344323600, Fax: (98)9187429259, 134432360 0, E-mail: mehrdadmirzaei28@gmail.com
{"title":"Easy and Quick Survey Method to Estimate Quantitative Characteristics in the Thin Forests","authors":"M. Mirzaei, A. Bonyad, M. M. Bijarpas, F. Golmohamadi","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.73","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acquiring accurate quantitative and qualitative information is necessary for the technical and scientific management of forest stands. In this study, stratification and systematic random sampling methods were used to estimation of quantitative characteristics in study area. The estimator (((E%) 2 xT)) was used to compare the systematic random and stratified sampling methods. 100 percent inventory was carried out in an area of 400 hectares; characteristics as: tree density, crown cover (canopy), and basal area were measured. Tree density of stands was compared through systemic random and stratified sampling methods. Findings of the study reveal that stratified sampling method gives a better representation of estimates than systematic random sampling.Key Words: inventory, systematic random, stratification, zagros forests Received: October 18, 2014. Revised: December 13, 2014. Accepte d: December 16, 2014.Corresponding author: Mehrdad MirzaeiFaculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara 1144, IranTel: (98)9187429259, 1344323600, Fax: (98)9187429259, 134432360 0, E-mail: mehrdadmirzaei28@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127787770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.119
V. C. Tran, X. Le
Abstract This study examined the effects of rice straw steaming time and mixing ratio between rice straw and wood particle on the properties of mixed particle board from Acacia mangium Willd wood and rice straw. Rice straw and Acacia mangium Willd wood were collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. The particle board was three-layer particle board with the structural ratio of 1：3：1. The thickness, density and board size of the particle board were 18 mm, 0.7 g/cm 3 , and 800x800x18 (mm, including trimming), respectively. A resin mixture between commercial Urea-formaldehyde (U-F) adhesive and methylene diphenyl isocyanate (MDI) adhesive was used with a dosage of 12% for the core layer and 14% for the surface layer. In this experimental design, the steaming time for rice straw was 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes at 100 o C. The rice straw-wood mixing ratio was 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results showed that both mixing ratio and steaming time affect the properties of the particleboard, but the mixing ratio has a stronger impact. A higher mixing ratio and a longer steaming time resulted in a better quality of particleboard. The optimal steaming time for rice straw was 46.12 minutes with the straw-wood mixing ratio of 29.85% with the following characteristics of the particle board: the modulus of rupture (MOR) of 14.64 MPa, internal bond strength (IB) of 0.382 MPa, thickness swelling (TS) of 8.83%, and board density of 0.7-0.73 g/cm
{"title":"Effect of Rice Straw Steaming Time and Mixing Ratio between Acacia mangium Willd Wood and Steamed Rice Straw on the Properties of the Mixed Particleboard","authors":"V. C. Tran, X. Le","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined the effects of rice straw steaming time and mixing ratio between rice straw and wood particle on the properties of mixed particle board from Acacia mangium Willd wood and rice straw. Rice straw and Acacia mangium Willd wood were collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. The particle board was three-layer particle board with the structural ratio of 1：3：1. The thickness, density and board size of the particle board were 18 mm, 0.7 g/cm 3 , and 800x800x18 (mm, including trimming), respectively. A resin mixture between commercial Urea-formaldehyde (U-F) adhesive and methylene diphenyl isocyanate (MDI) adhesive was used with a dosage of 12% for the core layer and 14% for the surface layer. In this experimental design, the steaming time for rice straw was 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes at 100 o C. The rice straw-wood mixing ratio was 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results showed that both mixing ratio and steaming time affect the properties of the particleboard, but the mixing ratio has a stronger impact. A higher mixing ratio and a longer steaming time resulted in a better quality of particleboard. The optimal steaming time for rice straw was 46.12 minutes with the straw-wood mixing ratio of 29.85% with the following characteristics of the particle board: the modulus of rupture (MOR) of 14.64 MPa, internal bond strength (IB) of 0.382 MPa, thickness swelling (TS) of 8.83%, and board density of 0.7-0.73 g/cm","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128872429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.109
J. Teixeira, Javad Karimi, S. Mohsenzadeh, J. Dobránszki
Abstract Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon that refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of one plant on another plant, both crop and weed species, by the release of organic chemicals (allelochemicals) from plant parts by leaching, root exudation, volatilization, residue decomposition in soil and other processes in both natural and agricultural systems. Allelopathy can affect many aspects of plant ecology including occurrence, growth, plant succession, the structure of plant communities, survival, dominance, diversity, and plant productivity. In this review, we describe the concept of allelopathy, some mechanisms of operation within plants and then focus on a select number of gymnospermous tree genera: Ephedra, Pinus, Taxus, Cedrus, Juniperus, Picea, Cunninghamia and Araucaria. Pinus, Taxus (yew) and Cedrus (cedar) trees have a strong negative allelopathic effect on the germination, growth, or development of other plant species in the forest community.Key Words: allelopathy, Quercus, Pinus, Ephedra, Taxus
{"title":"Allelopathic Potential of Select Gymnospermous Trees","authors":"J. Teixeira, Javad Karimi, S. Mohsenzadeh, J. Dobránszki","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon that refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of one plant on another plant, both crop and weed species, by the release of organic chemicals (allelochemicals) from plant parts by leaching, root exudation, volatilization, residue decomposition in soil and other processes in both natural and agricultural systems. Allelopathy can affect many aspects of plant ecology including occurrence, growth, plant succession, the structure of plant communities, survival, dominance, diversity, and plant productivity. In this review, we describe the concept of allelopathy, some mechanisms of operation within plants and then focus on a select number of gymnospermous tree genera: Ephedra, Pinus, Taxus, Cedrus, Juniperus, Picea, Cunninghamia and Araucaria. Pinus, Taxus (yew) and Cedrus (cedar) trees have a strong negative allelopathic effect on the germination, growth, or development of other plant species in the forest community.Key Words: allelopathy, Quercus, Pinus, Ephedra, Taxus","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128011585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：