Pub Date : 2015-05-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.78
R. Zalesny, W. Headlee
Short rotation woody crops belonging to the genera Populus L., Salix L., Pinus L., and Eucalyptus LHer. have provided broad economic and ecological benefits throughout the world, including afforestation and reforestation along urban to rural gradients. Within the genus Populus, cottonwoods, poplars, aspens, and their hybrids (hereafter referred to as poplars) have been shown to exhibit favorable genotype × environment interactions, especially in the face of changing climates. Similar growth responses have been reported for Pinus, especially with white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the North Central United States. This has led to current research priorities focused on ecosystem services for both genera. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) defines cultural, supporting, provisioning, and regulating ecosystem services. The overarching objective of this paper was to synthesize information about the potential of poplars to provide multiple ecosystem services when grown at sites with varying soil and climate conditions across landscape gradients from urban to rural areas. Specific objectives included: 1) providing background of the United States Forest Service and its Research and Development branch, 2) integrating knowledge of current poplar breeding and development with biomass provisioning and carbon regulating ecosystem services as they relate to changing climates in the North Central United States, and 3) providing a case study illustrating this integration through comparisons of poplar with white pine. Our results were evaluated in the context of climate change mitigation, with specific focus on selection of favorable genotypes for sequestering atmospheric carbon and reducing fossil fuel carbon emissions.
{"title":"Developing Woody Crops for the Enhancement of Ecosystem Services under Changing Climates in the North Central United States","authors":"R. Zalesny, W. Headlee","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.78","url":null,"abstract":"Short rotation woody crops belonging to the genera Populus L., Salix L., Pinus L., and Eucalyptus LHer. have provided broad economic and ecological benefits throughout the world, including afforestation and reforestation along urban to rural gradients. Within the genus Populus, cottonwoods, poplars, aspens, and their hybrids (hereafter referred to as poplars) have been shown to exhibit favorable genotype × environment interactions, especially in the face of changing climates. Similar growth responses have been reported for Pinus, especially with white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the North Central United States. This has led to current research priorities focused on ecosystem services for both genera. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) defines cultural, supporting, provisioning, and regulating ecosystem services. The overarching objective of this paper was to synthesize information about the potential of poplars to provide multiple ecosystem services when grown at sites with varying soil and climate conditions across landscape gradients from urban to rural areas. Specific objectives included: 1) providing background of the United States Forest Service and its Research and Development branch, 2) integrating knowledge of current poplar breeding and development with biomass provisioning and carbon regulating ecosystem services as they relate to changing climates in the North Central United States, and 3) providing a case study illustrating this integration through comparisons of poplar with white pine. Our results were evaluated in the context of climate change mitigation, with specific focus on selection of favorable genotypes for sequestering atmospheric carbon and reducing fossil fuel carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133892259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.126
S. Lim, Ji Hong Kim
Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the ecological characteristics of forest cover types which were classified by cluster analysis in the natural forest of Sobaeksan on the basis of the vegetation data from the point-quarter sampling method. Recognized forest cover types were 1) Mixed mesophytic forest, 2) Taxus cuspidata forest, 3) Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus mongolica forest, 4) Betula ermanii forest, 5) Pinus densiflora forest, 6) Quercus mongolica mixed forest, and 7) Quercus mongolica pure forest. For those of classified types, the species composition was expressed by importance value (IV) to describe the community floristically. The species diversity was quantified using the Shannon's diversity index. The results showed that the forest cover types were characteristically different from one another in growing species and compositional rates, depending upon the type which was formed by a number of similar vegetational sample points. Species diversity indices (H') of total and overstory both were the highest in the mixed mesophytic forest (3.530 and 2.880, respectively), and lowest in the Q. mongolica pure forest (2.122 and 0.000, respectively) with only one canopy species. The highest species diversity in the mixed mesophytic forest may due to the relatively high species richness and evenness in the forest cover types. The description on ecological characteristics were suggested to understand the formation and development of forest cover types in this study area.Key Words: cluster analysis, forest cover type, importance value, species diversity, sobaeksan
{"title":"The Ecological Characteristics of Classified Forest Cover Types in the Natural Forest of Sobaeksan","authors":"S. Lim, Ji Hong Kim","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the ecological characteristics of forest cover types which were classified by cluster analysis in the natural forest of Sobaeksan on the basis of the vegetation data from the point-quarter sampling method. Recognized forest cover types were 1) Mixed mesophytic forest, 2) Taxus cuspidata forest, 3) Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus mongolica forest, 4) Betula ermanii forest, 5) Pinus densiflora forest, 6) Quercus mongolica mixed forest, and 7) Quercus mongolica pure forest. For those of classified types, the species composition was expressed by importance value (IV) to describe the community floristically. The species diversity was quantified using the Shannon's diversity index. The results showed that the forest cover types were characteristically different from one another in growing species and compositional rates, depending upon the type which was formed by a number of similar vegetational sample points. Species diversity indices (H') of total and overstory both were the highest in the mixed mesophytic forest (3.530 and 2.880, respectively), and lowest in the Q. mongolica pure forest (2.122 and 0.000, respectively) with only one canopy species. The highest species diversity in the mixed mesophytic forest may due to the relatively high species richness and evenness in the forest cover types. The description on ecological characteristics were suggested to understand the formation and development of forest cover types in this study area.Key Words: cluster analysis, forest cover type, importance value, species diversity, sobaeksan","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116757276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.136
M. Kwon, G. Han
Abstract Hyangro-bong is located on the northern side of the civilian access control line and therefore has gone through natural ecological succession without human interference. Currently, it forms a distinctive natural ecosystem in which rare wild animals and plants are various. It is located in the Baekdudaegan mountain system and plays an ecologically important role as a bridge that connects the Geumgang mountain and Seorak mountain. This study investigated the flora of the eastern parts, Forest Genetic Resources Reserve Area, of Hyangro-bong. A total of 363 vascular plants that belonged to 77 families, 206 genera, 310 species, 3 subspecies, and 47 varieties were found in the study area. Rare and endangered plants identified in this study included the critically endangered Swertia wilfordii and endangered Irisuniflora var. caricina. Furthermore, 4 vulnerable species, Hanabusaya asiatica, Codonopsis pilosula, Leontopodium japonicum, and Taxus cuspidata, were found. A total of 7 families and 14 taxa including Aconitum pseudolaeve and Clematis fusca var. coreana were confirmed as endemic plants. Naturalized plants belonging to 4 families, 11 genera, and 13 species were distributed along the Hyangro-bong forest roads.Key Words: flora, endangered species, critically endangered species, endemic plants, naturalized plants
香路峰位于平民出入控制线北侧，因此在没有人为干扰的情况下经历了自然生态演替。目前形成了独特的自然生态系统，珍稀野生动植物种类繁多。它位于白头大干山系，是连接金刚山和雪岳山的桥梁，具有重要的生态作用。本研究调查了香路峰森林遗传资源保护区东部地区的植物区系。研究区共发现维管植物363种，隶属77科206属310种3亚种47变种。本研究鉴定的珍稀濒危植物包括极危獐牙菜属(Swertia wilfordii)和濒危鸢尾属(Irisuniflora var. caricina)。此外，还发现了亚洲花、党参、日本Leontopodium japonicum和东北红豆杉4种脆弱物种。其中，乌头(Aconitum pseudoaeve)和铁线莲(Clematis fusca变种coreana)共7科14个分类。在香路峰森林道路沿线分布着4科11属13种归化植物。关键词:植物区系，濒危物种，极危物种，特有种，归化植物
{"title":"Vascular Plants of Hyangro-bong in Gangwon-do, Korea","authors":"M. Kwon, G. Han","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hyangro-bong is located on the northern side of the civilian access control line and therefore has gone through natural ecological succession without human interference. Currently, it forms a distinctive natural ecosystem in which rare wild animals and plants are various. It is located in the Baekdudaegan mountain system and plays an ecologically important role as a bridge that connects the Geumgang mountain and Seorak mountain. This study investigated the flora of the eastern parts, Forest Genetic Resources Reserve Area, of Hyangro-bong. A total of 363 vascular plants that belonged to 77 families, 206 genera, 310 species, 3 subspecies, and 47 varieties were found in the study area. Rare and endangered plants identified in this study included the critically endangered Swertia wilfordii and endangered Irisuniflora var. caricina. Furthermore, 4 vulnerable species, Hanabusaya asiatica, Codonopsis pilosula, Leontopodium japonicum, and Taxus cuspidata, were found. A total of 7 families and 14 taxa including Aconitum pseudolaeve and Clematis fusca var. coreana were confirmed as endemic plants. Naturalized plants belonging to 4 families, 11 genera, and 13 species were distributed along the Hyangro-bong forest roads.Key Words: flora, endangered species, critically endangered species, endemic plants, naturalized plants","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123974880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.91
B. Gupta, N. Sharma
The study investigates herbage communities along the altitudinal gradient in northwest Himalaya and highlights the effect of trees on its understory floristic diversity and phytosociology. The study was conducted in nine forests at three elevations viz., chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), mixed and khair (Acacia catechu) forests at elevation E 1 (850-1150 m), chir pine, mixed and ban oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) forests at elevation E 2 (1151-1600 m) and ban oak, mixed and chir pine forests at elevation E 3 ( ＞ 1600 m) in a sub-watershed located in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, India. These were compared grasslands located adjacent to forests. In all, 20 grass, 3 sedge, 2 forb and 4 legume species were recorded in study sites. Jaccard’s coefficient of herbage vegetation was highest between chir pine forests and grasslands, and lowest in khair and ban oak forests. TWINSPAN dendrogram of herbage composition exhibited three subtypes with Apluda mutica, Arundinella nepalensis and Dichanthium annulatum as indicator species. Three groups of plant communities were identified on the basis of their moisture requirement. Peak density and basal area of herbage in forests and grasslands occurred by September. Density and basal area of herbage in grasslands at different elevations ranged from 649.6 to 1347.9 tillers/m 2 and 30.0 to 65.7 cm 2 /m 2 , respectively, while, in forests it varied from 351.2 to 1005.3 tillers/m 2 and 14.9 to 43.9 cm 2 /m 2 , respectively. Density and basal area of the herbage in plant communities decreased along the elevation. Under trees in forests the density of herbage decreased up to 77% and basal area up to 62% of their respective values in grasslands.
{"title":"Plant Assemblages Along an Altitudinal Gradient in Northwest Himalaya","authors":"B. Gupta, N. Sharma","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates herbage communities along the altitudinal gradient in northwest Himalaya and highlights the effect of trees on its understory floristic diversity and phytosociology. The study was conducted in nine forests at three elevations viz., chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), mixed and khair (Acacia catechu) forests at elevation E 1 (850-1150 m), chir pine, mixed and ban oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) forests at elevation E 2 (1151-1600 m) and ban oak, mixed and chir pine forests at elevation E 3 ( ＞ 1600 m) in a sub-watershed located in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, India. These were compared grasslands located adjacent to forests. In all, 20 grass, 3 sedge, 2 forb and 4 legume species were recorded in study sites. Jaccard’s coefficient of herbage vegetation was highest between chir pine forests and grasslands, and lowest in khair and ban oak forests. TWINSPAN dendrogram of herbage composition exhibited three subtypes with Apluda mutica, Arundinella nepalensis and Dichanthium annulatum as indicator species. Three groups of plant communities were identified on the basis of their moisture requirement. Peak density and basal area of herbage in forests and grasslands occurred by September. Density and basal area of herbage in grasslands at different elevations ranged from 649.6 to 1347.9 tillers/m 2 and 30.0 to 65.7 cm 2 /m 2 , respectively, while, in forests it varied from 351.2 to 1005.3 tillers/m 2 and 14.9 to 43.9 cm 2 /m 2 , respectively. Density and basal area of the herbage in plant communities decreased along the elevation. Under trees in forests the density of herbage decreased up to 77% and basal area up to 62% of their respective values in grasslands.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123728334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.14
Akhtaruzzaman, K. Osman, S. Haque
Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of three land uses on soil properties in two soil layers; surface soil (0∼15 cm) and subsoil (15∼30 cm). Soil samples were collected from planted forest, barren lands and cultivated lands from different areas in Chittagong Cox’s Bazar and analyzed for some physical and chemical properties. Results showed that soil textural class varied from sandy clay loam in planted forest and barren land site to sandy loam in cultivated soils. Maximum water holding capacity was higher in forest followed by barren land and the lowest in cultivated lands. At both soil depths, soils of cultivated land showed the highest values of bulk density (1.42 to 1.50 g cm -3 ), followed by barren lands (1.37 to 1.46 g cm -3 ) and the least (1.32 to 1.45 g cm -3 ) in forest soils. Total porosity decreased with depth ranging from 40.24% to 41.53% in subsoils and from 42.04 to 43.23% in surface soil of cultivated and of planted forest sites respectively. The result further revealed that organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents were higher in the planted forest soil than in other two land uses. The soils of all land uses under study are acidic in nature and the lowest pH was found in both surface and subsoils of barren land. Cultivated soil contained the highest amount of available P, Ca, Mg and K in both surface soil and subsoils. In contrast, barren site had the lowest contents of available P, Ca, Mg and K in both layers. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N storage were higher in planted forest than in barren and cultivated land uses.Key Words: land use types, soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, soil carbon storage, total nitrogen storage
研究了三种土地利用方式对两层土壤性质的影响;表层土壤(0 ~ 15 cm)和底土(15 ~ 30 cm)。从吉大港考克斯巴扎尔不同地区的人工林、荒地和耕地中采集土壤样本，分析土壤的一些物理和化学性质。结果表明，土壤质地从人工林和荒地的砂质粘土壤土到耕地的砂质壤土各不相同。最大持水量以森林最高，其次为荒地，耕地最低。在两个土层深度上，耕地土壤容重最高(1.42 ~ 1.50 g cm -3)，荒地次之(1.37 ~ 1.46 g cm -3)，森林土壤容重最低(1.32 ~ 1.45 g cm -3)。土壤总孔隙度随深度的减小而减小，耕作林地和人工林地底土总孔隙度随深度的减小而减小，分别为40.24% ~ 41.53%和42.04 ~ 43.23%。结果进一步表明，人工林土壤有机碳(OC)和全氮(TN)含量高于其他两种土地利用方式。研究中所有土地利用类型的土壤均为酸性土壤，土壤表层和底土pH值均最低。耕地土壤表层和底土速效磷、钙、镁、钾含量最高。两层有效磷、钙、镁、钾含量均以秃地最低。人工林土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮储量均高于荒地和耕地。关键词:土地利用类型，土壤物理性质，土壤化学性质，土壤碳储量，全氮储量
{"title":"Properties of Soils under Different Land Uses in Chittagong Region, Bangladesh","authors":"Akhtaruzzaman, K. Osman, S. Haque","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of three land uses on soil properties in two soil layers; surface soil (0∼15 cm) and subsoil (15∼30 cm). Soil samples were collected from planted forest, barren lands and cultivated lands from different areas in Chittagong Cox’s Bazar and analyzed for some physical and chemical properties. Results showed that soil textural class varied from sandy clay loam in planted forest and barren land site to sandy loam in cultivated soils. Maximum water holding capacity was higher in forest followed by barren land and the lowest in cultivated lands. At both soil depths, soils of cultivated land showed the highest values of bulk density (1.42 to 1.50 g cm -3 ), followed by barren lands (1.37 to 1.46 g cm -3 ) and the least (1.32 to 1.45 g cm -3 ) in forest soils. Total porosity decreased with depth ranging from 40.24% to 41.53% in subsoils and from 42.04 to 43.23% in surface soil of cultivated and of planted forest sites respectively. The result further revealed that organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents were higher in the planted forest soil than in other two land uses. The soils of all land uses under study are acidic in nature and the lowest pH was found in both surface and subsoils of barren land. Cultivated soil contained the highest amount of available P, Ca, Mg and K in both surface soil and subsoils. In contrast, barren site had the lowest contents of available P, Ca, Mg and K in both layers. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N storage were higher in planted forest than in barren and cultivated land uses.Key Words: land use types, soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, soil carbon storage, total nitrogen storage","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122149709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.68
Minji Jeon, K. Choi, Ji Young Kim
Abstract Korean L. leiolepis of the genus Leontopodium could be discriminate from the foreign L. alpinum using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Among the 12 URP markers used for the detection, the URP-5 marker and the URP-7 marker detected polymorphic DNA bands, ranging from 400-1000 bp in the size of amplified DNA fragments.Key Words: Leontopodium, RAPD, universal rice primer (URP), Leontopodium leiolepis Received: December 26, 2014. Revised: February 6, 2015. Accepte d: February 6, 2015.Corresponding author: Ji Young KimCollege of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National U niversity, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of KoreaTel: 82-33-257-8367, Fax: 82-33-259-5620, E-mail: emos1034@gmai l.com Introduction The genus Leontopodium belongs to the family Asteraceae (the daisy or sunflower family) and comprises approx-imately 30-40 species which are mainly distributed in Asia (Himalayas, Altai Mountains, Siberia, Japan, China, and Korea), with a major centre of biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau. In Europe, the two species of
{"title":"Discrimination of the Genus Leontopodium Species (Gentianales: Asteraceae) Based on RAPD","authors":"Minji Jeon, K. Choi, Ji Young Kim","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.68","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Korean L. leiolepis of the genus Leontopodium could be discriminate from the foreign L. alpinum using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Among the 12 URP markers used for the detection, the URP-5 marker and the URP-7 marker detected polymorphic DNA bands, ranging from 400-1000 bp in the size of amplified DNA fragments.Key Words: Leontopodium, RAPD, universal rice primer (URP), Leontopodium leiolepis Received: December 26, 2014. Revised: February 6, 2015. Accepte d: February 6, 2015.Corresponding author: Ji Young KimCollege of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National U niversity, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of KoreaTel: 82-33-257-8367, Fax: 82-33-259-5620, E-mail: emos1034@gmai l.com Introduction The genus Leontopodium belongs to the family Asteraceae (the daisy or sunflower family) and comprises approx-imately 30-40 species which are mainly distributed in Asia (Himalayas, Altai Mountains, Siberia, Japan, China, and Korea), with a major centre of biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau. In Europe, the two species of","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123132128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.63
J. Yoo, S. Lee, S. Kim
Abstract Two newly recorded spiders, Cheiracanthium lascivum Karsch, 1879 of Eutichuridae and Gnaphosa kamurai Ovtsharenko, Platnick and Song, 1992 of Gnaphosidae are described and illustrated from Korea.Key Words: Cheiracanthium lascivum, Gnaphosa kamurai, Eutichuridae, Gnaphosidae, Korea Received: December 20, 2014. Revised: February 10, 2015. Accept ed: February 10, 2015.Corresponding author: Seung-Tae KimLife and Environment Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seo ul 143-701, Republic of KoreaTel: 82-2-450-3754, Fax: 82-2-450-3726, E-mail: stkim2000@hanma il.net Introduction The spider genus Cheiracanthium of Miturgidae in Korea comprises 7 species to date (Namkung et al. 2009); C. brevispinum Song, Feng and Shang, 1982, C. erraticum (Walckenaer 1802), C. japonicum Bosenberg and Strand, 1906, C. taegense Paik, 1990, C. uncinatum Paik, 1985, C. unicum Bosenberg and Strand, 1906 and C. zhejiangense Hu and Song, 1982. Recently, the genus was transferred from the Miturgidae to the Eutichuridae by Ramirez (2014). One male of
{"title":"Description of Two Unrecorded Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Korea","authors":"J. Yoo, S. Lee, S. Kim","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.63","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two newly recorded spiders, Cheiracanthium lascivum Karsch, 1879 of Eutichuridae and Gnaphosa kamurai Ovtsharenko, Platnick and Song, 1992 of Gnaphosidae are described and illustrated from Korea.Key Words: Cheiracanthium lascivum, Gnaphosa kamurai, Eutichuridae, Gnaphosidae, Korea Received: December 20, 2014. Revised: February 10, 2015. Accept ed: February 10, 2015.Corresponding author: Seung-Tae KimLife and Environment Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seo ul 143-701, Republic of KoreaTel: 82-2-450-3754, Fax: 82-2-450-3726, E-mail: stkim2000@hanma il.net Introduction The spider genus Cheiracanthium of Miturgidae in Korea comprises 7 species to date (Namkung et al. 2009); C. brevispinum Song, Feng and Shang, 1982, C. erraticum (Walckenaer 1802), C. japonicum Bosenberg and Strand, 1906, C. taegense Paik, 1990, C. uncinatum Paik, 1985, C. unicum Bosenberg and Strand, 1906 and C. zhejiangense Hu and Song, 1982. Recently, the genus was transferred from the Miturgidae to the Eutichuridae by Ramirez (2014). One male of","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122225034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.38
Hojung Kim, C. Cieszewski
Abstract The stumpage price changes were calculated and analyzed from the data collected by Timber Mart-South from 1998 to 2007. We analyzed the relationship between pine sawtimber stumpage prices and timber sale characteristics using hedonic pricing method. Quadratic transformation was employed for sale size and contract length. Stumpage prices increased with sale size, contract length, bid sales, and the number of bidders. The presence of above average or excellent grade, market conditions, and logging conditions also are positively related to stumpage prices.Key Words: stumpage prices, hedonic pricing method, timber-marth-south, timber sale characteristics Received: February 26, 2014. Revised: September 25, 2014. Accep ted: September 29, 2014.Corresponding author: Hojung KimThe Forest Center of Climate Change, Korea Forest Research Inst itute, Seoul 130-712, Republic of KoreaTel: 82-2-961-2888, Fax: 82-2-961-2879, E-mail: hojung.kim.17@gmail.com Introduction Forest landowners often need access to current timber market information because they need to know what they have and how to sell it. Since timber markets basically de-pend on the supply and demand, timber buyers and sellers need up-to-date timber market information such as market trends and trade news. However, it is not an easy task to predict timber price (Mei et al. 2010). Timber market is a function of the relationship between timber and a variety of factors, such as wood consumption, wood supply, pro-duction technology, finished product demand, and stum-page prices, and also the change in timberland ownership may have had a significant influence on timber markets (TMS 2009). Delivered prices include harvesting, trans-portation, and other markups above the stumpage price, and fuel costs and distances to mills will have effect on transportation costs, where wood quality and tract size are the main factors concerning harvest costs (TMS 2009). The hedonic price method is an approach which most commonly uses regression analysis to estimate the implicit values of characteristics from a value of commodity price (Rosen 1974). In the process of manufacturing, some pro-duction inputs could be diverse and have significantly dif-ferent characteristics. In such cases, a hedonic pricing ap-proach is suitably employed for estimating the implicit pri-ces of the various characteristics of an input and the de-mand for the input subsequently (Ladd and Martini 1976). Thus, a hedonic model can be used to explain production factors or the prices of differentiated products. This he-donic price approach has been adapted to timber markets with heterogeneous inputs such as species composition, tree size, volume, and quality based on the assumption that such characteristics affect the lumber production (Puttock et al.
{"title":"The Analysis of Pine Stumpage Prices Based on Timber Sale Characteristics of the Southern United States","authors":"Hojung Kim, C. Cieszewski","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The stumpage price changes were calculated and analyzed from the data collected by Timber Mart-South from 1998 to 2007. We analyzed the relationship between pine sawtimber stumpage prices and timber sale characteristics using hedonic pricing method. Quadratic transformation was employed for sale size and contract length. Stumpage prices increased with sale size, contract length, bid sales, and the number of bidders. The presence of above average or excellent grade, market conditions, and logging conditions also are positively related to stumpage prices.Key Words: stumpage prices, hedonic pricing method, timber-marth-south, timber sale characteristics Received: February 26, 2014. Revised: September 25, 2014. Accep ted: September 29, 2014.Corresponding author: Hojung KimThe Forest Center of Climate Change, Korea Forest Research Inst itute, Seoul 130-712, Republic of KoreaTel: 82-2-961-2888, Fax: 82-2-961-2879, E-mail: hojung.kim.17@gmail.com Introduction Forest landowners often need access to current timber market information because they need to know what they have and how to sell it. Since timber markets basically de-pend on the supply and demand, timber buyers and sellers need up-to-date timber market information such as market trends and trade news. However, it is not an easy task to predict timber price (Mei et al. 2010). Timber market is a function of the relationship between timber and a variety of factors, such as wood consumption, wood supply, pro-duction technology, finished product demand, and stum-page prices, and also the change in timberland ownership may have had a significant influence on timber markets (TMS 2009). Delivered prices include harvesting, trans-portation, and other markups above the stumpage price, and fuel costs and distances to mills will have effect on transportation costs, where wood quality and tract size are the main factors concerning harvest costs (TMS 2009). The hedonic price method is an approach which most commonly uses regression analysis to estimate the implicit values of characteristics from a value of commodity price (Rosen 1974). In the process of manufacturing, some pro-duction inputs could be diverse and have significantly dif-ferent characteristics. In such cases, a hedonic pricing ap-proach is suitably employed for estimating the implicit pri-ces of the various characteristics of an input and the de-mand for the input subsequently (Ladd and Martini 1976). Thus, a hedonic model can be used to explain production factors or the prices of differentiated products. This he-donic price approach has been adapted to timber markets with heterogeneous inputs such as species composition, tree size, volume, and quality based on the assumption that such characteristics affect the lumber production (Puttock et al.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121908300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.1
Ritesh Kumar, A. Sethy
Abstract Microwave assisted biodiesel production from crude Pongamia pinnata oil using homogeneous base catalyst (KOH) was unsuccessful because of considerable soap formation. Therefore, a two step process of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) oil was investigated. In first step, crude P. pinnata oil was acid catalyzed using H 2 SO 4 and acid value of oil was reduced to less than 4 mg KOH/g. Effect of sulfuric acid concentration, alcohol-oil molar ratio and microwave irradiation time on acid value of oil was studied. Result suggested that 1.5% H 2 SO 4 (w/w), 6：1 methanol oil molar ratio and 3 min microwave irradiation time was sufficient to reduce the acid value of oil from 12 and 22 mg KOH/g to 2.9 and 3.9 mg/KOH/g, respectively. Oil obtained after pretreatment was subsequently used for microwave assisted alkali catalyzed transesterification. A higher biodiesel yield (99.0%) was achieved by adopting two step processes. Microwave energy efficiency during alkali catalyzed transesterification was also investigated. The results suggested a significant energy saving because of reduced reaction time under microwave heating.Key Words: microwave, pongamia pinnata, biodiesel, acid value, energy efficiency
{"title":"Microwave Assisted Energy Efficient Biodiesel Production from Crude Pongamia pinnata (L.) Oil Using Homogeneous Catalyst","authors":"Ritesh Kumar, A. Sethy","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microwave assisted biodiesel production from crude Pongamia pinnata oil using homogeneous base catalyst (KOH) was unsuccessful because of considerable soap formation. Therefore, a two step process of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) oil was investigated. In first step, crude P. pinnata oil was acid catalyzed using H 2 SO 4 and acid value of oil was reduced to less than 4 mg KOH/g. Effect of sulfuric acid concentration, alcohol-oil molar ratio and microwave irradiation time on acid value of oil was studied. Result suggested that 1.5% H 2 SO 4 (w/w), 6：1 methanol oil molar ratio and 3 min microwave irradiation time was sufficient to reduce the acid value of oil from 12 and 22 mg KOH/g to 2.9 and 3.9 mg/KOH/g, respectively. Oil obtained after pretreatment was subsequently used for microwave assisted alkali catalyzed transesterification. A higher biodiesel yield (99.0%) was achieved by adopting two step processes. Microwave energy efficiency during alkali catalyzed transesterification was also investigated. The results suggested a significant energy saving because of reduced reaction time under microwave heating.Key Words: microwave, pongamia pinnata, biodiesel, acid value, energy efficiency","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123131496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.55
S. Choi, E. Park, J. Woo
For the last 10 years, there were also a lot of exchanges and cooperations between North and South Korea’s local governments. Dealing with these exchanges more systematically, local governments had issued many regulations. But in the law level, the current laws regulating exchanges and cooperations between North and South Korea lacked care in the role of local governments in the course of Korea reunification. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign the legal system to support and promote the role of local governments in unification affairs. The purpose of this study is to seek answers to a question how the Inter-Korea forest cooperation project effect on regional economy compared with other forest sectors. Results of this study proved that Inter-Korea forest cooperation project effects on regional economy positively as ‘plus investment’, not negatively. Forest cooperation project will be resolve Inter-Korea conflicts more peacefully. So government should be supported continuously in the long run in order to raise the performance.
{"title":"An Analysis on the Economic Effects of Inter-Korea Forest Cooperation Project","authors":"S. Choi, E. Park, J. Woo","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"For the last 10 years, there were also a lot of exchanges and cooperations between North and South Korea’s local governments. Dealing with these exchanges more systematically, local governments had issued many regulations. But in the law level, the current laws regulating exchanges and cooperations between North and South Korea lacked care in the role of local governments in the course of Korea reunification. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign the legal system to support and promote the role of local governments in unification affairs. The purpose of this study is to seek answers to a question how the Inter-Korea forest cooperation project effect on regional economy compared with other forest sectors. Results of this study proved that Inter-Korea forest cooperation project effects on regional economy positively as ‘plus investment’, not negatively. Forest cooperation project will be resolve Inter-Korea conflicts more peacefully. So government should be supported continuously in the long run in order to raise the performance.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123753758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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