Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.09
M. Popa
Providential personalities have been writing history since the beginning of times – personalities that could be found within and across Romania’s borders [1]. In medicine, such brilliant figures have healed patients through diligence, dedication, and professionalism, but have also passed significant teachings to the next generations. They have rigorously respected an authentic professor’s definition, a figure that teaches and prepares specialists for the future. The great medical personalities, Ion Cantacuzino and Victor Babeș, have been mentored by famous professors, have also become famous professors on their own, and they have educated doctors and professors who have carried on their research and medical teaching legacies. Through study, through diligence, and an impressive personal development, their students have also become proficient figures in medicine [1-2]. They have trained personalities in the medical field that could have reached higher peaks, were it not for the political and social climate of their country. Among those, now we shall bring into discussion professor Matei Balș, a remarkable man and teacher, whose contribution focused the necessity of employing strict and correct means of practice, tying together in an organic way the clinical and the laboratory work, a dogma which he has passed on to his students. He has funded the “School of Infectious Diseases” at Colentina Hospital and has formulated teachings that stand the test of time; his working approach is still appropriate and praised today. The current generation as well as future ones not only have the obligation to recognise the exceptional achievements of our ancestors in history, but to also keep them alive and develop upon them, in the interest of the Romanian people, Romania itself, but also for the public health system at an international level [1].
{"title":"PROFESSOR MATEI BALȘ, THE CLINICIAN WHO HIGHLIGHTED THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE CLINIC AND THE LABORATORY","authors":"M. Popa","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"Providential personalities have been writing history since the beginning of times – personalities that could be found within and across Romania’s borders [1]. In medicine, such brilliant figures have healed patients through diligence, dedication, and professionalism, but have also passed significant teachings to the next generations. They have rigorously respected an authentic professor’s definition, a figure that teaches and prepares specialists for the future. The great medical personalities, Ion Cantacuzino and Victor Babeș, have been mentored by famous professors, have also become famous professors on their own, and they have educated doctors and professors who have carried on their research and medical teaching legacies. Through study, through diligence, and an impressive personal development, their students have also become proficient figures in medicine [1-2]. They have trained personalities in the medical field that could have reached higher peaks, were it not for the political and social climate of their country. Among those, now we shall bring into discussion professor Matei Balș, a remarkable man and teacher, whose contribution focused the necessity of employing strict and correct means of practice, tying together in an organic way the clinical and the laboratory work, a dogma which he has passed on to his students. He has funded the “School of Infectious Diseases” at Colentina Hospital and has formulated teachings that stand the test of time; his working approach is still appropriate and praised today. The current generation as well as future ones not only have the obligation to recognise the exceptional achievements of our ancestors in history, but to also keep them alive and develop upon them, in the interest of the Romanian people, Romania itself, but also for the public health system at an international level [1].","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121155753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.04
Vlad Tofan, C. Țucureanu, C. Gal
"Background. Lindane is an organochlorine pesticide considered as Persistent Organic Pollutant with immunosuppressive effects in acute exposure, but data on chronic exposure to low doses are still inconclusive. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate immune and redox changes in mice chronically exposed to low doses of lindane. Experimental setting. Mice were chronically exposed for 6 months to lindane (5 mg/L) in drinking water, and subsequently a subgroup was challenged orally with S. typhimurium. The inflammatory factors MMP-9, IL-6 and KC, along with the antioxidant GSH were assessed in lungs, livers and kidneys. Splenocytes were stimulated ex vivo with TLR2 or TLR4 agonists, and the levels of released IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα and KC were measured in cell supernatants. Results. A decrease of IL-6 and MMP-9 lung levels and decreased IL-6 production by LPS-activated splenocytes from lindane-exposed mice were evidenced as compared to control groups. A slight increase of MMP-9, IL-6 and KC levels, and a decrease of GSH were observed in the liver of lindane exposed mice, while increased GSH levels were registered in infected lindane-exposed mice. Infection generally delivered stronger signals then lindane, but an immunomodulatory effect of lindane was shown in particular cases in splenocytes from infected lindane-exposed mice. Conclusion. Chronic exposure of mice to a low dose of lindane delivered in drinking water can induce both systemic immune suppression related to particular inflammatory factors, and inflammation, depending on the organ. Moreover, some immunomodulatory effects of lindane were highlighted in particular experimental settings."
{"title":"INFLAMMATORY AND REDOX CHANGES IN MICE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO LINDANE IN DRINKING WATER","authors":"Vlad Tofan, C. Țucureanu, C. Gal","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"\"Background. Lindane is an organochlorine pesticide considered as Persistent Organic Pollutant with immunosuppressive effects in acute exposure, but data on chronic exposure to low doses are still inconclusive. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate immune and redox changes in mice chronically exposed to low doses of lindane. Experimental setting. Mice were chronically exposed for 6 months to lindane (5 mg/L) in drinking water, and subsequently a subgroup was challenged orally with S. typhimurium. The inflammatory factors MMP-9, IL-6 and KC, along with the antioxidant GSH were assessed in lungs, livers and kidneys. Splenocytes were stimulated ex vivo with TLR2 or TLR4 agonists, and the levels of released IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα and KC were measured in cell supernatants. Results. A decrease of IL-6 and MMP-9 lung levels and decreased IL-6 production by LPS-activated splenocytes from lindane-exposed mice were evidenced as compared to control groups. A slight increase of MMP-9, IL-6 and KC levels, and a decrease of GSH were observed in the liver of lindane exposed mice, while increased GSH levels were registered in infected lindane-exposed mice. Infection generally delivered stronger signals then lindane, but an immunomodulatory effect of lindane was shown in particular cases in splenocytes from infected lindane-exposed mice. Conclusion. Chronic exposure of mice to a low dose of lindane delivered in drinking water can induce both systemic immune suppression related to particular inflammatory factors, and inflammation, depending on the organ. Moreover, some immunomodulatory effects of lindane were highlighted in particular experimental settings.\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134102963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.08
R. Papini
There has been resurgence in interest in infestations from the common bed bugs (Cimex lectularius), as they have become more prevalent in well-developed countries. This paper reports the case of a 50-year-old woman whose bedroom was infested by bed bugs. The woman presented in our laboratory with insect specimens that she had caught in her bedroom. She reported bites on shoulders, back, belly, and thighs associated with sleep disturbance. Based on an examination of the morphological characteristics, the insects were identified as Cimex lectularius. As the apartment had been rented for several years before the woman moved in, it was suspected that the bed bugs had been introduced by some of the tenants, including some from overseas, who may have inadvertently brought the bugs with them in their luggage/belongings and who had previously lived in the apartment. After two unsuccessful insecticide applications, a thorough weekly decontamination using a steam cleaner completely resolved the infestation within about two months. Knowledge of the epidemiology, life cycle, clinical signs, medical treatment and environmental management of bed bugs by physicians, dermatologists, and entomologists may contribute to the better dissemination of information needed for effective prevention and control as well as to a more accurate diagnosis of the bite marks caused by these insects.
{"title":"BED BUG INFESTATIONS: A CASE REPORT IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF CENTRAL ITALY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF STEAM TREATMENT AGAINST CIMEX LECTULARIUS (HEMIPTERA: CIMICIDAE)","authors":"R. Papini","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"There has been resurgence in interest in infestations from the common bed bugs (Cimex lectularius), as they have become more prevalent in well-developed countries. This paper reports the case of a 50-year-old woman whose bedroom was infested by bed bugs. The woman presented in our laboratory with insect specimens that she had caught in her bedroom. She reported bites on shoulders, back, belly, and thighs associated with sleep disturbance. Based on an examination of the morphological characteristics, the insects were identified as Cimex lectularius. As the apartment had been rented for several years before the woman moved in, it was suspected that the bed bugs had been introduced by some of the tenants, including some from overseas, who may have inadvertently brought the bugs with them in their luggage/belongings and who had previously lived in the apartment. After two unsuccessful insecticide applications, a thorough weekly decontamination using a steam cleaner completely resolved the infestation within about two months. Knowledge of the epidemiology, life cycle, clinical signs, medical treatment and environmental management of bed bugs by physicians, dermatologists, and entomologists may contribute to the better dissemination of information needed for effective prevention and control as well as to a more accurate diagnosis of the bite marks caused by these insects.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116590997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.01
Ancuța Petronela
[...]viral reservoir persist in long-lived memory Th17 cells of people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving viral-suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and represent a major barrier against HIV eradication (reviewed in [1, 4]). [...]these RORC2 inhibitors may interfere with RORC2-gouverned transcriptional program that is associated with the expression of multiple HIV permissiveness factors in Th17 cells. [...]given Th17 pathogenicity during SARS-CoV-2 infection, when they promote the massive infiltration of inflammatory neutrophils in the lungs [3], there is a need to test RORC2 inhibitors in animal models.
{"title":"RORC2, A NEW TH17-SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC TARGET TO TREAT VIRAL INFECTIONS","authors":"Ancuța Petronela","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"[...]viral reservoir persist in long-lived memory Th17 cells of people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving viral-suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and represent a major barrier against HIV eradication (reviewed in [1, 4]). [...]these RORC2 inhibitors may interfere with RORC2-gouverned transcriptional program that is associated with the expression of multiple HIV permissiveness factors in Th17 cells. [...]given Th17 pathogenicity during SARS-CoV-2 infection, when they promote the massive infiltration of inflammatory neutrophils in the lungs [3], there is a need to test RORC2 inhibitors in animal models.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134369684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.10
L. Manolescu
{"title":"HPV VACCINATION – WHERE ARE WE NOW IN ROMANIA","authors":"L. Manolescu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121192689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.02
I. Ionescu, C. Țucureanu, Raluca Elena Chelmuș
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the induction of the adaptive immune responses, by activating naive T-cells and orchestrating antigen-specific T cell differentiation based on signals received from pathogens. Therefore in vaccine development, dendritic cell based in vitro assays could allow the investigation of many vaccine candidates and selection of the best antigens and adjuvants during the process of development. However, to establish a highly efficient and reproducible protocol and to reduce the number of animals used for experiments, the use of cryopreserved precursors is desirable. Here we compared the differentiation of freshly harvested and cryopreserved mouse bone marrow cells (BM) cultured under the same condition and we found that cryopreserved BM can effectively be differentiated to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in the presence of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). High purity of immature BMDCs was obtained in both conditions, even though cryopreservation precursors showed a slowdown in the initial development and a lower yield, up to 10 times than from fresh cultures. Furthermore, BMDCs obtained from both fresh or cryopreserved cells undergo maturation in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), triggering a high-level expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD86 and MHC-II.
{"title":"GENERATION AND MATURATION OF BONE MARROW-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS. A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN FRESH AND CRYOPRESERVED CELLS","authors":"I. Ionescu, C. Țucureanu, Raluca Elena Chelmuș","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the induction of the adaptive immune responses, by activating naive T-cells and orchestrating antigen-specific T cell differentiation based on signals received from pathogens. Therefore in vaccine development, dendritic cell based in vitro assays could allow the investigation of many vaccine candidates and selection of the best antigens and adjuvants during the process of development. However, to establish a highly efficient and reproducible protocol and to reduce the number of animals used for experiments, the use of cryopreserved precursors is desirable. Here we compared the differentiation of freshly harvested and cryopreserved mouse bone marrow cells (BM) cultured under the same condition and we found that cryopreserved BM can effectively be differentiated to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in the presence of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). High purity of immature BMDCs was obtained in both conditions, even though cryopreservation precursors showed a slowdown in the initial development and a lower yield, up to 10 times than from fresh cultures. Furthermore, BMDCs obtained from both fresh or cryopreserved cells undergo maturation in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), triggering a high-level expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD86 and MHC-II.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124762627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.07
Iulia Grigore, N. Popa-Fotea, M. Micheu
Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high mortality if left untreated and is associated with many complications such as: septic emboli, abscesses, valvular rupture or congestive heart failure. We present below the case of a 69-year-old male who presented to the emergency room for exertional dyspnea, malaise and fatigue, symptoms that started for several months with progressive worsening. The cardiac examination highlighted a systolic murmur in the mitral area in concordance with the echocardiographic findings that revealed severe mitral regurgitation along with a degenerative-myxomatous appearance of the mitral valve, suggestive for Barlow’s disease, as well as a hyperechogenic mass on the mitral valve. Empirical therapy was initiated intravenously with vancomycin and gentamicin after three blood cultures were harvested. The blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis and given the antibiogram’s susceptibility to vancomycin and daptomycin, the treatment was subsequently continued only with vancomycin. Albeit coagulase negative staphylococci such as S. epidermidis are usually found at patients with risk factors: valvular prostheses, implantable devices, hemodialysis or intravascular catheters, in our case the patient had no such risk factors, but instead developed IE on a native, degenerated valve. The patient was referred to the cardiovascular surgeon and subsequently, a prosthetic, bidisc mitral valve was implanted along with tricuspid annuloplasty. The recovery was uneventful and at 6 months of follow-up the patient was asymptomatic with no complications.
{"title":"BARLOW’S DISEASE IN NATIVE VALVE ENDOCARDITIS WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS - A CASE REPORT","authors":"Iulia Grigore, N. Popa-Fotea, M. Micheu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high mortality if left untreated and is associated with many complications such as: septic emboli, abscesses, valvular rupture or congestive heart failure. We present below the case of a 69-year-old male who presented to the emergency room for exertional dyspnea, malaise and fatigue, symptoms that started for several months with progressive worsening. The cardiac examination highlighted a systolic murmur in the mitral area in concordance with the echocardiographic findings that revealed severe mitral regurgitation along with a degenerative-myxomatous appearance of the mitral valve, suggestive for Barlow’s disease, as well as a hyperechogenic mass on the mitral valve. Empirical therapy was initiated intravenously with vancomycin and gentamicin after three blood cultures were harvested. The blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis and given the antibiogram’s susceptibility to vancomycin and daptomycin, the treatment was subsequently continued only with vancomycin. Albeit coagulase negative staphylococci such as S. epidermidis are usually found at patients with risk factors: valvular prostheses, implantable devices, hemodialysis or intravascular catheters, in our case the patient had no such risk factors, but instead developed IE on a native, degenerated valve. The patient was referred to the cardiovascular surgeon and subsequently, a prosthetic, bidisc mitral valve was implanted along with tricuspid annuloplasty. The recovery was uneventful and at 6 months of follow-up the patient was asymptomatic with no complications.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130409629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.06
Iuliana Vlădoiu, A. Munteanu, Mihaela Surcel
"Lyme disease triggered by infected ticks can affect over 300,000 people/ year in USA and 65,000 people/ year in Europe mainly in spring and summer. The early symptoms fever, headache and tiredness can evolve if left untreated in joint pains, facial paralysis, headaches with neck stiffness, heart palpitations. Moreover about 10 - 20% of patients will continue to develop months/years to come joint pains, memory issues and tiredness. Humans from all the continents interact with ticks and this interaction is measured indirectly, by relating tick population abundance, pathogen prevalence, and registered human borreliosis. Lyme borreliosis caused by bacteria of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, is the most widespread tick-borne infection registered in the northern hemisphere. Diagnostics starts with the clinical evaluation of the infected patient and is complemented by laboratory testing. FDA recommendation published in 2019 recommend a two-test methodology, as a first test the methodology is based on sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (replaceable with an immunofluorescence assay), followed by a western immunoblot (WB) assay for positive or equivocal results. These tests have several down -falls thus focusing on using various proteomic/metabolomic/genomic technologies for early stages of infection identification these down-falls can be surpassed. Borrelia burgdorferi has several proteins that can be involved in the hosts immune response. Identification of protective epitopes that could be used to develop a new vaccine becomes imperative as new prophylactic methods can reduce the incidence of this wide-spread disease."
{"title":"BORRELIOSIS – UP-DATES IN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND WORLD-WIDE INCIDENCE","authors":"Iuliana Vlădoiu, A. Munteanu, Mihaela Surcel","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"\"Lyme disease triggered by infected ticks can affect over 300,000 people/ year in USA and 65,000 people/ year in Europe mainly in spring and summer. The early symptoms fever, headache and tiredness can evolve if left untreated in joint pains, facial paralysis, headaches with neck stiffness, heart palpitations. Moreover about 10 - 20% of patients will continue to develop months/years to come joint pains, memory issues and tiredness. Humans from all the continents interact with ticks and this interaction is measured indirectly, by relating tick population abundance, pathogen prevalence, and registered human borreliosis. Lyme borreliosis caused by bacteria of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, is the most widespread tick-borne infection registered in the northern hemisphere. Diagnostics starts with the clinical evaluation of the infected patient and is complemented by laboratory testing. FDA recommendation published in 2019 recommend a two-test methodology, as a first test the methodology is based on sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (replaceable with an immunofluorescence assay), followed by a western immunoblot (WB) assay for positive or equivocal results. These tests have several down -falls thus focusing on using various proteomic/metabolomic/genomic technologies for early stages of infection identification these down-falls can be surpassed. Borrelia burgdorferi has several proteins that can be involved in the hosts immune response. Identification of protective epitopes that could be used to develop a new vaccine becomes imperative as new prophylactic methods can reduce the incidence of this wide-spread disease.\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130953579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.05
M. Boldeanu, L. Boldeanu, I. Siloși
"Sepsis is considered the leading cause of death in emergency units. It is known that there are already serum immune parameters/biomarkers useful in predicting the progression from peritonitis to sepsis, respectively septic shock. In the present study, we aimed to measure the serum concentrations of CASP1, CRP and cytokines (IL-23, IL-1β, IL-18); to compare immune-inflammatory cell ratios at the onset of peritonitis, before and after sepsis; to identify correlations between the concentration of the CASP1, IL-23, IL-1β, IL-18, CRP, ESR and the indices that assess the prognosis of patients with peritonitis (MPI) and the severity of sepsis (SOFA, APACHE II) and with different ratios of immunocytes (NLR, MLR, PltLR) and to investigate the usefulness of these immune parameters in predicting the progression from peritonitis to sepsis using the area under the ROC curve. Serum samples were collected from 20 peritonitis patients diagnosed and 14 patients who developed secondary sepsis to peritonitis. For the evaluation of serum concentrations of studied mediators, we used immunoenzymatic technique. In our study, we obtained significantly increased values in the serum of patients who developed sepsis vs the group with peritonitis, for CASP1, CRP and cytokines (IL-23, IL-1β, IL-18). Serum levels of CASP1 correlated much better with the evaluated indices, statistically significant correlations. Two markers investigated, CASP1 and IL-23, had a diagnostic accuracy (71.10% and 70.90%, respectively) almost similar to the performance of IL-1β (accuracy of 71.40%), in the diagnosis of peritonitis. In conclusion, the investigated serological markers (CASP1, IL-23, IL-1β, IL-18) can be used as an independent prognostic markers for differentiation of patients with peritonitis from those with sepsis, in combination with CRP, ESR, NLR and the indices (MPI, SOFA, APACHE II)."
{"title":"SIGNIFICANCE OF CIRCULATING CYSTEINE-DEPENDENT ASPARTATE-DIRECTED PROTEASE-1 (CASPASE-1) IN PERITONITIS","authors":"M. Boldeanu, L. Boldeanu, I. Siloși","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"\"Sepsis is considered the leading cause of death in emergency units. It is known that there are already serum immune parameters/biomarkers useful in predicting the progression from peritonitis to sepsis, respectively septic shock. In the present study, we aimed to measure the serum concentrations of CASP1, CRP and cytokines (IL-23, IL-1β, IL-18); to compare immune-inflammatory cell ratios at the onset of peritonitis, before and after sepsis; to identify correlations between the concentration of the CASP1, IL-23, IL-1β, IL-18, CRP, ESR and the indices that assess the prognosis of patients with peritonitis (MPI) and the severity of sepsis (SOFA, APACHE II) and with different ratios of immunocytes (NLR, MLR, PltLR) and to investigate the usefulness of these immune parameters in predicting the progression from peritonitis to sepsis using the area under the ROC curve. Serum samples were collected from 20 peritonitis patients diagnosed and 14 patients who developed secondary sepsis to peritonitis. For the evaluation of serum concentrations of studied mediators, we used immunoenzymatic technique. In our study, we obtained significantly increased values in the serum of patients who developed sepsis vs the group with peritonitis, for CASP1, CRP and cytokines (IL-23, IL-1β, IL-18). Serum levels of CASP1 correlated much better with the evaluated indices, statistically significant correlations. Two markers investigated, CASP1 and IL-23, had a diagnostic accuracy (71.10% and 70.90%, respectively) almost similar to the performance of IL-1β (accuracy of 71.40%), in the diagnosis of peritonitis. In conclusion, the investigated serological markers (CASP1, IL-23, IL-1β, IL-18) can be used as an independent prognostic markers for differentiation of patients with peritonitis from those with sepsis, in combination with CRP, ESR, NLR and the indices (MPI, SOFA, APACHE II).\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125260468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.02.02
Grațiela Grădișteanu Pîrcălăbioru, M. Chifiriuc, R. Stoica
Interaction of microorganisms with the host innate immune system is a crucial factor that could modify diabetes and its associated complications. Recent reports have elucidated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes, but to our knowledge there is no data regarding the role of other inflammasomes in diabetes-induced inflammation. To investigate this, blood samples were collected from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with nephropathy as well as from healthy volunteers. After red blood cell lysis, RNA was isolated from all collected blood samples. The expression of NLRP 6, NLRP3, ASC, PRO-IL1Β, and PRO-IL18 was assessed by quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Patients with diabetic nephropathy showed higher NLRP3 inflammasome expression compared to healthy controls whereas no significant differences were observed in case of NLRP6 inflammasome. In addition, Pentraxin 3 expression was elevated in patients with diabetic nephropathy. A detailed analysis of the patient’s clinical data revealed the fact that subjects receiving sevelamer carbonate in their treatment plan harboured low expression of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and NLRP3 associated genes.
微生物与宿主先天免疫系统的相互作用是可能改变糖尿病及其相关并发症的关键因素。最近的报道已经阐明了NLRP3炎症小体在糖尿病中的作用，但据我们所知，没有关于其他炎症小体在糖尿病诱导炎症中的作用的数据。为了研究这一点，我们采集了伴有肾病的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者和健康志愿者的血液样本。红细胞裂解后，从所有采集的血液样本中分离RNA。采用实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative Real Time PCR, qRT-PCR)检测NLRP 6、NLRP3、ASC、PRO-IL1Β、PRO-IL18的表达。与健康对照组相比，糖尿病肾病患者NLRP3炎性体表达较高，而NLRP6炎性体表达无显著差异。此外，戊traxin 3在糖尿病肾病患者中表达升高。对患者临床资料的详细分析显示，在治疗方案中接受碳酸西维拉默治疗的患者中，戊traxin 3 (PTX3)和NLRP3相关基因的表达水平较低。
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