Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.02
Andrei-Alexandru Muntean, Mădălina-Maria Muntean, G. Popa
Antibiotic resistance is a global, far-reaching phenomenon. Natural resistance to antibiotics, expressed or inducible, is common in Enterobacterales and can occur through the production of different enzymes such as penicillinases, ESBLs or cephalosporinases. In association with other resistance mechanisms, strains that lead to untreatable infections can emerge. Improper infection control measures are responsible for the selection and spread of these strains. The dissemination of acquired Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) across the globe is well known, a wide spectrum of enzymes being responsible for their different hydrolytic activity. Another important set of enzymes, the cephalosporinases (with the chromosomal cephalosporinase AmpC as the most important), are also concerning as their hyper-expression can alter wide spectrum beta-lactams, like carbapenems. These mechanisms can be readily observed through phenotypic tests, like antibiotic interactions on the disk diffusion antibiogram, or derepression / inhibition of enzymes using key antibiotics. Keywords: ESBL, cephalosporinase, AmpC, carbapenemase, cloxacillin, oxacillin, antibiotic resistance, antibiogram, Enterobacterales
{"title":"\"ANTIBIOGRAM PICTURE GUIDE FOR THE MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY PRACTITIONER - PART 1: EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES (ESBLS) AND CEPHALOSPORINASES (AMPCS) IN ENTEROBACTERALES\"","authors":"Andrei-Alexandru Muntean, Mădălina-Maria Muntean, G. Popa","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is a global, far-reaching phenomenon. Natural resistance to antibiotics, expressed or inducible, is common in Enterobacterales and can occur through the production of different enzymes such as penicillinases, ESBLs or cephalosporinases. In association with other resistance mechanisms, strains that lead to untreatable infections can emerge. Improper infection control measures are responsible for the selection and spread of these strains. The dissemination of acquired Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) across the globe is well known, a wide spectrum of enzymes being responsible for their different hydrolytic activity. Another important set of enzymes, the cephalosporinases (with the chromosomal cephalosporinase AmpC as the most important), are also concerning as their hyper-expression can alter wide spectrum beta-lactams, like carbapenems. These mechanisms can be readily observed through phenotypic tests, like antibiotic interactions on the disk diffusion antibiogram, or derepression / inhibition of enzymes using key antibiotics. Keywords: ESBL, cephalosporinase, AmpC, carbapenemase, cloxacillin, oxacillin, antibiotic resistance, antibiogram, Enterobacterales","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120868669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.06
I. Macovei, Corina I. Cucu, Andrei-Alexandru Muntean
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting intertriginous skin areas of young adults. Although HS was historically defined as an infectious disease, the role of microorganisms in its pathogenesis is now controversial. We investigated the lesion microbiota of a recently diagnosed 24-year-old male patient with axillary HS, who shared features of the metabolic syndrome. The microbiological analysis of the patient’s lesion was indicative of colonization with bacteria including aerobes – Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, S. lugdunensis, S. epidermidis, anaerobes – Anaerococcus (A.) octavius, and microaerophiles – Cutibacterium (C.) acnes; this last one was also isolated in monoculture from a patient's healthy skin control sample. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility evaluation revealed Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and highly susceptible S. lugdunensis and S. epidermidis. Profiles of A. octavius and C. acnes showed that both strains were susceptible to Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Doxycycline and Linezolid; the anaerobe was Benzylpenicillin-resistant and Tetracycline and the microaerophile was intrinsically Metronidazole-resistant. We conclude that the intralesional microbial diversity in this case shows low variety of species and similarities to healthy skin microbiota, although the presence of S. aureus, particularly MRSA, S. lugdunensis or C. acnes – frequently involved in chronic skin pathologies – may be relevant for the disease severity. MRSA carriage in the patient’s lesion represents a significant epidemiological risk for the healthcare environment. Antibiotic treatment in the early stages of HS should be administered with caution. Extended studies of HS microbiota could identify relevant colonization patterns for the outcome of the disease and offer important keys for selecting personalised, efficient therapeutic schemes. Keywords: hidradenitis suppurativa, cutaneous microbiome, bacterial pathogens, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes, anaerobes
{"title":"AEROBIC – ANAEROBIC CUTANEOUS MICROBIOTA OF HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA. A CASE REPORT","authors":"I. Macovei, Corina I. Cucu, Andrei-Alexandru Muntean","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting intertriginous skin areas of young adults. Although HS was historically defined as an infectious disease, the role of microorganisms in its pathogenesis is now controversial. We investigated the lesion microbiota of a recently diagnosed 24-year-old male patient with axillary HS, who shared features of the metabolic syndrome. The microbiological analysis of the patient’s lesion was indicative of colonization with bacteria including aerobes – Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, S. lugdunensis, S. epidermidis, anaerobes – Anaerococcus (A.) octavius, and microaerophiles – Cutibacterium (C.) acnes; this last one was also isolated in monoculture from a patient's healthy skin control sample. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility evaluation revealed Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and highly susceptible S. lugdunensis and S. epidermidis. Profiles of A. octavius and C. acnes showed that both strains were susceptible to Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Doxycycline and Linezolid; the anaerobe was Benzylpenicillin-resistant and Tetracycline and the microaerophile was intrinsically Metronidazole-resistant. We conclude that the intralesional microbial diversity in this case shows low variety of species and similarities to healthy skin microbiota, although the presence of S. aureus, particularly MRSA, S. lugdunensis or C. acnes – frequently involved in chronic skin pathologies – may be relevant for the disease severity. MRSA carriage in the patient’s lesion represents a significant epidemiological risk for the healthcare environment. Antibiotic treatment in the early stages of HS should be administered with caution. Extended studies of HS microbiota could identify relevant colonization patterns for the outcome of the disease and offer important keys for selecting personalised, efficient therapeutic schemes. Keywords: hidradenitis suppurativa, cutaneous microbiome, bacterial pathogens, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes, anaerobes","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130288695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.08
E. Severin
Dear editors, Rare diseases are considered as diseases or conditions of public health concern at European level, and a priority to be included in the context of the European Health Union [1]. The European definition of a rare medical disease or condition is established on the low prevalence, meaning less than five affected persons per 10,000 people (not more than one person per 2000 in the European population [2]. According to Orphanet, a European portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs, currently, there are over 6000 known rare diseases, most of them have a genetic background. Some rare diseases are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Other rare diseases can be non-genetic - there are rare forms of infectious diseases (bacterial or viral), auto-immune diseases, toxic disorders, and rare cancers. In other cases, the cause of rare diseases is still unknown. At EU level has been established an appropriate public health policy and professional care on rare diseases. European Reference Networks (ERN) are part of this public health policy. ERNs are virtual networks involving healthcare providers across Europe. They aim to tackle complex or rare medical diseases or conditions that require highly specialised treatment and a concentration of knowledge and resources [3]. The fundamental principle of ERNs is share, care, and cure. ERNs use specific telemedicine tools and IT solutions, thus the medical knowledge, best practices, and clinical expertise travel rather than the patient. In the European Union, it is estimated that 30 million people are living with a complex, often chronic, and progressive, rare disease. If we are looking for statistics on rare diseases, it is obviously that individual diseases may be rare, but collectively are common. Moreover, a rare disease may be rare in one region, but common in another. The limited number of patients, widely geographically dispersed affected people, lack of scientific knowledge and medical expertise were barriers in providing quality healthcare services for people with rare diseases. The former European Commissioner for Health, and Food Safety, Vytenis Andriukaitis, considered that “no country alone has knowledge and capacity to treat all rare and complex conditions” [4]. So, in 2017, the European Reference Networks launched to enable the exchange of all the available knowledge and expertise on rare diseases between EU State Members. To date, there are 24 thematic networks working on a wide range of rare non-communicable conditions, such as ERN-BOND on bone disorders, ERN-CRANIO on craniofacial anomalies, EndoERN on endocrine conditions, EuroBloodNet on haematological diseases, ERN LUNG on respiratory diseases, etc. Information about all ERNs on rare diseases are available at: https://ec.europa.eu/ health/european-reference-networks/overview_en. The ERNs were developed by the EU and national governments to facilitate improvements in access to diagnosis, treatment, and provision o
{"title":"\"SHARE. CARE. CURE.\" – A EUROPEAN REFERENCE NETWORK FOR RARE INFECTIOUS DISEASES","authors":"E. Severin","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"Dear editors, Rare diseases are considered as diseases or conditions of public health concern at European level, and a priority to be included in the context of the European Health Union [1]. The European definition of a rare medical disease or condition is established on the low prevalence, meaning less than five affected persons per 10,000 people (not more than one person per 2000 in the European population [2]. According to Orphanet, a European portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs, currently, there are over 6000 known rare diseases, most of them have a genetic background. Some rare diseases are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Other rare diseases can be non-genetic - there are rare forms of infectious diseases (bacterial or viral), auto-immune diseases, toxic disorders, and rare cancers. In other cases, the cause of rare diseases is still unknown. At EU level has been established an appropriate public health policy and professional care on rare diseases. European Reference Networks (ERN) are part of this public health policy. ERNs are virtual networks involving healthcare providers across Europe. They aim to tackle complex or rare medical diseases or conditions that require highly specialised treatment and a concentration of knowledge and resources [3]. The fundamental principle of ERNs is share, care, and cure. ERNs use specific telemedicine tools and IT solutions, thus the medical knowledge, best practices, and clinical expertise travel rather than the patient. In the European Union, it is estimated that 30 million people are living with a complex, often chronic, and progressive, rare disease. If we are looking for statistics on rare diseases, it is obviously that individual diseases may be rare, but collectively are common. Moreover, a rare disease may be rare in one region, but common in another. The limited number of patients, widely geographically dispersed affected people, lack of scientific knowledge and medical expertise were barriers in providing quality healthcare services for people with rare diseases. The former European Commissioner for Health, and Food Safety, Vytenis Andriukaitis, considered that “no country alone has knowledge and capacity to treat all rare and complex conditions” [4]. So, in 2017, the European Reference Networks launched to enable the exchange of all the available knowledge and expertise on rare diseases between EU State Members. To date, there are 24 thematic networks working on a wide range of rare non-communicable conditions, such as ERN-BOND on bone disorders, ERN-CRANIO on craniofacial anomalies, EndoERN on endocrine conditions, EuroBloodNet on haematological diseases, ERN LUNG on respiratory diseases, etc. Information about all ERNs on rare diseases are available at: https://ec.europa.eu/ health/european-reference-networks/overview_en. The ERNs were developed by the EU and national governments to facilitate improvements in access to diagnosis, treatment, and provision o","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127240697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.03
Elvira Ianculescu, B. Truşcă, Marina Manea
Introduction: The increased dissemination of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli along with a lag in the development of novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobials determined the reintroduction of colistin into clinical practice. In this context, antibiotic susceptibility testing for colistin using high-performance methods has become a requirement. Objective: We compared the performances of the Becton Dickinson (BD) Phoenix 50 automated system and the Micronaut MIC-Strip, a commercial broth microdilution (BMD) method, for the detection of colistin resistance in clinical multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, isolated from patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in southern Romania. Methods: 54 clinical isolates with different multidrug-resistant phenotypes (Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were tested for colistin susceptibility with the BD Phoenix 50 automated system and the Micronaut MIC-Strip, following the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute recommendations (CLSI, 2021) and were further classified according to the interpretative categories (resistant and intermediate, respectively). The statistical data was calculated using Microsoft Excel 2007 and OpenEPI software. Results: BD Phoenix system failed to detect 11 colistin resistant isolates (false susceptibility). By contrast, all 38 clinical isolates defined as intermediate by the BMD method were also classified as intermediate by the Phoenix system. Conclusion: BD Phoenix system is a reliable technology for detecting colistin resistance. However, high rates of false susceptibility were observed for the BD Phoenix system, indicating that the intermediate / susceptible results should be confirmed with the standard BMD method. Keywords: colistin susceptibility testing, Gram-negative bacilli, multidrug resistance.
{"title":"DETECTION OF COLISTIN RESISTANCE IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI: PERFORMANCE OF THE BD PHOENIX AUTOMATED SYSTEM VERSUS THE BROTH MICRODILUTION METHOD","authors":"Elvira Ianculescu, B. Truşcă, Marina Manea","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The increased dissemination of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli along with a lag in the development of novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobials determined the reintroduction of colistin into clinical practice. In this context, antibiotic susceptibility testing for colistin using high-performance methods has become a requirement. Objective: We compared the performances of the Becton Dickinson (BD) Phoenix 50 automated system and the Micronaut MIC-Strip, a commercial broth microdilution (BMD) method, for the detection of colistin resistance in clinical multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, isolated from patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in southern Romania. Methods: 54 clinical isolates with different multidrug-resistant phenotypes (Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were tested for colistin susceptibility with the BD Phoenix 50 automated system and the Micronaut MIC-Strip, following the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute recommendations (CLSI, 2021) and were further classified according to the interpretative categories (resistant and intermediate, respectively). The statistical data was calculated using Microsoft Excel 2007 and OpenEPI software. Results: BD Phoenix system failed to detect 11 colistin resistant isolates (false susceptibility). By contrast, all 38 clinical isolates defined as intermediate by the BMD method were also classified as intermediate by the Phoenix system. Conclusion: BD Phoenix system is a reliable technology for detecting colistin resistance. However, high rates of false susceptibility were observed for the BD Phoenix system, indicating that the intermediate / susceptible results should be confirmed with the standard BMD method. Keywords: colistin susceptibility testing, Gram-negative bacilli, multidrug resistance.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134062136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.07
V. Ordeanu, A. Combiescu, M. Combiescu
The Cantacuzino School is the virtually institution, result of the work and human qualities of the most impressive personality of scientific, cultural and social life in Romania since the beginning of the last century: Professor Ioan Cantacuzino. After working at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, in the laboratory of Ilya Mechnikov, in 1901 he was appointed professor of experimental medicine at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest. His dual training as a naturalist and physician, the two roots of his scientific training, influenced by the school of Louis Pasteur et al. The Cantacuzino School has survived political, social and economic changes, wars, revolutions, crises of various kinds and today it proudly presents itself as a continuator of the Cantacuzino tradition. Keywords: Cantacuzino school, Professor Ioan Cantacuzino, Romanian science, history of medicine
{"title":"THE CANTACUZINO SCHOOL – 120 YEARS OF AFFIRMATION IN THE FIELD AND ACTIVITY IN THE SERVICE OF THE ROMANIAN NATION","authors":"V. Ordeanu, A. Combiescu, M. Combiescu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"The Cantacuzino School is the virtually institution, result of the work and human qualities of the most impressive personality of scientific, cultural and social life in Romania since the beginning of the last century: Professor Ioan Cantacuzino. After working at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, in the laboratory of Ilya Mechnikov, in 1901 he was appointed professor of experimental medicine at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest. His dual training as a naturalist and physician, the two roots of his scientific training, influenced by the school of Louis Pasteur et al. The Cantacuzino School has survived political, social and economic changes, wars, revolutions, crises of various kinds and today it proudly presents itself as a continuator of the Cantacuzino tradition. Keywords: Cantacuzino school, Professor Ioan Cantacuzino, Romanian science, history of medicine","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"440 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120882582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.05
M. Arbune
"Highly active antiretroviral therapy changed the paradigm of HIV infection, improving the prognosis of a deathly disease to a chronic manageable disease. Although the life expectancy of people with HIV is similar with general population, the persistence of inflammation is going to premature aging and excess comorbidities, relative to chronologic age. The mechanisms of immune dysfunction, inflammation, atherogenesis and dyslipidaemia in HIV positive people that are related to premature aging and cardiovascular risk, as well as the therapeutic strategies to prevent or improve the cardiovascular risk are reviewed in this communication. Keywords: HIV, inflammation, aging, cardiovascular risk, antiretroviral treatments"
{"title":"PREMATURE AGING AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES RELATED TO HIV INFECTION","authors":"M. Arbune","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"\"Highly active antiretroviral therapy changed the paradigm of HIV infection, improving the prognosis of a deathly disease to a chronic manageable disease. Although the life expectancy of people with HIV is similar with general population, the persistence of inflammation is going to premature aging and excess comorbidities, relative to chronologic age. The mechanisms of immune dysfunction, inflammation, atherogenesis and dyslipidaemia in HIV positive people that are related to premature aging and cardiovascular risk, as well as the therapeutic strategies to prevent or improve the cardiovascular risk are reviewed in this communication. Keywords: HIV, inflammation, aging, cardiovascular risk, antiretroviral treatments\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115727831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.04
Ovidiu Farc, I. Berindan‐Neagoe, F. Zaharie
Objectives. Interleukins and cell adhesion molecules were intensively studied for their potential role as biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is a complex relational network in the tumor microenvironment and in the immune response of colorectal tumors; therefore, there is a need for complex approaches in cytokine biology in CRC, reflecting the complexity of this tumor biology field. The present study is addressing this problem by investigating the behaviour of some cytokines representative for the main immune networks in CRC immunology. Methods. Thirty-three patients with confirmed CRC and thirty-five age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The serum levels of nine interleukins - IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-33, IFN (interferon)-γ, two cell adhesion molecules-ICAM-1 and P-sel (P-selectin)- and a matrixmetalloproteinase (MMP-7) were measured in patients and controls. The results were processed in order to find molecules with correlated behaviour and to decipher the patterns of the immune response modules organization. Keywords: colorectal cancer, cytokine, correlation, network
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE THROUGH CYTOKINE PROFILING AND CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS IN COLORECTAL MALIGNANT TUMORS","authors":"Ovidiu Farc, I. Berindan‐Neagoe, F. Zaharie","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Interleukins and cell adhesion molecules were intensively studied for their potential role as biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is a complex relational network in the tumor microenvironment and in the immune response of colorectal tumors; therefore, there is a need for complex approaches in cytokine biology in CRC, reflecting the complexity of this tumor biology field. The present study is addressing this problem by investigating the behaviour of some cytokines representative for the main immune networks in CRC immunology. Methods. Thirty-three patients with confirmed CRC and thirty-five age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The serum levels of nine interleukins - IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-33, IFN (interferon)-γ, two cell adhesion molecules-ICAM-1 and P-sel (P-selectin)- and a matrixmetalloproteinase (MMP-7) were measured in patients and controls. The results were processed in order to find molecules with correlated behaviour and to decipher the patterns of the immune response modules organization. Keywords: colorectal cancer, cytokine, correlation, network","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124928051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.09
L. Preoțescu, Daneila Munteanu
On 23th of July 2019 a 63y old man, was admitted for acute hepatitis with low-grade fever, myalgia, fatigue, jaundice. Farmer (grows crops, and tends to farm animals). He was known to have a non-replicative chronic B hepatitis virus infection. At admission, moderate increase of prothrombin time, but without clinical signs of encephalopathy. No positive IgM serology for hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, E), CMV, Epstein Barr, or Leptospira spp. CRP was 34mg/L, HBV-DNA undetectable.
{"title":"PULMONARY FINDINGS SUGGESTS COXIELLA BURNETII INFECTION TO A PATIENT WITH HEPATITIS","authors":"L. Preoțescu, Daneila Munteanu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.09","url":null,"abstract":"On 23th of July 2019 a 63y old man, was admitted for acute hepatitis with low-grade fever, myalgia, fatigue, jaundice. Farmer (grows crops, and tends to farm animals). He was known to have a non-replicative chronic B hepatitis virus infection. At admission, moderate increase of prothrombin time, but without clinical signs of encephalopathy. No positive IgM serology for hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, E), CMV, Epstein Barr, or Leptospira spp. CRP was 34mg/L, HBV-DNA undetectable.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129375673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.04.01
M. Mărdărescu, M. Popa, A. Streinu-Cercel
"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a medical, social, and economic problem. In Romania since 2002, the prevention of HIV transmission and the care for HIV-positive people have been overseen by Governmental Law. HIV infection in Romania has some particularities, such as the high number of HIVinfected patients under treatment and the high percentage of long-term survivors. Romania reported its first case of AIDS to the World Health Organization in 1985, and its first case in the pediatric population in 1989. A year later, a new case definition, based on local possibilities was formulated together with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA). According to the latest report of the Compartment for Monitoring and Evaluation of HIV/AIDS in Romania, the cumulative number of HIV cases registered between 1985-2021 was 26,171, while the number of people living with HIV at the end of December 2021 was 17,271. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, public health surveillance"
{"title":"HIV/AIDS IN ROMANIA – A SHORT HISTORY AND UPDATE, 2021","authors":"M. Mărdărescu, M. Popa, A. Streinu-Cercel","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"\"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a medical, social, and economic problem. In Romania since 2002, the prevention of HIV transmission and the care for HIV-positive people have been overseen by Governmental Law. HIV infection in Romania has some particularities, such as the high number of HIVinfected patients under treatment and the high percentage of long-term survivors. Romania reported its first case of AIDS to the World Health Organization in 1985, and its first case in the pediatric population in 1989. A year later, a new case definition, based on local possibilities was formulated together with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA). According to the latest report of the Compartment for Monitoring and Evaluation of HIV/AIDS in Romania, the cumulative number of HIV cases registered between 1985-2021 was 26,171, while the number of people living with HIV at the end of December 2021 was 17,271. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, public health surveillance\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131966032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2021.03.03
Mihaela Mato (Gheorghiță), Grațiela Grădișteanu Pîrcălăbioru, Dragoș V. Teodoru
Modulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics, living microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects, or prebiotics, nondigestible food ingredients that promote the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms or a combination of both (synbiotics) may enable a new way of prevention or treatment for allergic disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ROS release from the peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with type I hypersensitivity reactions. To this end, we evaluated the basophil degranulation in the presence of specific allergens and analysed the influence of a synbiotic on neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The tested synbiotic, directly or in combination with E. coli, decreased the ROS production in peripheral blood neutrophils of allergic patients. Taking into account that intensive ROS release is responsible for various damages of cells and tissues, the decrease of the oxidative stress induced by the tested synbiotic may have an essential role for cell protection and viability. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that enhance endogenous antioxidant defenses might be beneficial as adjunctive therapies for allergic disorders.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF SYNBIOTICS ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTE OXIDATIVE BURST IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES","authors":"Mihaela Mato (Gheorghiță), Grațiela Grădișteanu Pîrcălăbioru, Dragoș V. Teodoru","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Modulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics, living microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects, or prebiotics, nondigestible food ingredients that promote the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms or a combination of both (synbiotics) may enable a new way of prevention or treatment for allergic disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ROS release from the peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with type I hypersensitivity reactions. To this end, we evaluated the basophil degranulation in the presence of specific allergens and analysed the influence of a synbiotic on neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The tested synbiotic, directly or in combination with E. coli, decreased the ROS production in peripheral blood neutrophils of allergic patients. Taking into account that intensive ROS release is responsible for various damages of cells and tissues, the decrease of the oxidative stress induced by the tested synbiotic may have an essential role for cell protection and viability. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that enhance endogenous antioxidant defenses might be beneficial as adjunctive therapies for allergic disorders.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124206243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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