Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.09
C. Bratu
I have read with great interest the study carried out by Chelaru et al. in the 2nd Issue of Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology in 2022. This paper is significant among the articles published because it sought to evaluate the current situation of Gram-negative bacteria in Romania that produce beta-lactamases [1]. Although there is a dearth of accumulated data regarding the incidence rate of antibiotic resistance and healthcare- associated infections, as noted in the study [2], the little information that is currently available describes a concerning trend, given that the nation has â among the highest rates of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [3]. Therefore, starting a long-term study with a clinical hospital with the goal of gathering additional data is a crucial first step towards obtaining a deeper understanding.
{"title":"\"NEED FOR FURTHER STUDY OF THE RATE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN ROMANIA\"","authors":"C. Bratu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"I have read with great interest the study carried out by Chelaru et al. in the 2nd Issue of Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology in 2022. This paper is significant among the articles published because it sought to evaluate the current situation of Gram-negative bacteria in Romania that produce beta-lactamases [1]. Although there is a dearth of accumulated data regarding the incidence rate of antibiotic resistance and healthcare- associated infections, as noted in the study [2], the little information that is currently available describes a concerning trend, given that the nation has â among the highest rates of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [3]. Therefore, starting a long-term study with a clinical hospital with the goal of gathering additional data is a crucial first step towards obtaining a deeper understanding.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"418 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.02
Bogdan Ciomaga, Cătălina Pascu, Gabriel Ionescu
"There is significant variation in antibody levels among patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or following vaccination. However, the quantity of antibodies at which one is considered protected, or for how long they can provide it, is unclear. In general, it is presumed that antibodies wane over time, more notably around the 6 months mark following the second dose. Our study aimed to observe these processes dynamically, by tracking the variation of IgG anti-Spike protein antibody levels in a population of volunteers at the Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development. A total of 1338 samples from 524 participants, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, were collected before vaccination and at predetermined intervals after the first and second dose, over a 10-month period (December 2020 - October 2021). The samples were tested via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, using commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) quantitative test kits - Euroimmun (Medizinische Labordiagnostika). The majority of participants were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) (474 participants – 90.46%). Samples were grouped according to the length of time between exposure (infection or vaccination) and testing, along with exposure type (vaccinated, vaccinated with prior infection, unvaccinated with prior infection). The data suggests that vaccinated participants, with or without a history of infection, held higher antibody levels compared to unvaccinated participants with a history of infection. A decline in antibody levels over time in all test groups was noted, though less steep among participants with a history of infection."
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF ANTI-SPIKE PROTEIN IGG ANTIBODY LEVELS OVER A 10-MONTH PERIOD FOLLOWING VACCINATION OR INFECTION – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY","authors":"Bogdan Ciomaga, Cătălina Pascu, Gabriel Ionescu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"\"There is significant variation in antibody levels among patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or following vaccination. However, the quantity of antibodies at which one is considered protected, or for how long they can provide it, is unclear. In general, it is presumed that antibodies wane over time, more notably around the 6 months mark following the second dose. Our study aimed to observe these processes dynamically, by tracking the variation of IgG anti-Spike protein antibody levels in a population of volunteers at the Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development. A total of 1338 samples from 524 participants, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, were collected before vaccination and at predetermined intervals after the first and second dose, over a 10-month period (December 2020 - October 2021). The samples were tested via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, using commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) quantitative test kits - Euroimmun (Medizinische Labordiagnostika). The majority of participants were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) (474 participants – 90.46%). Samples were grouped according to the length of time between exposure (infection or vaccination) and testing, along with exposure type (vaccinated, vaccinated with prior infection, unvaccinated with prior infection). The data suggests that vaccinated participants, with or without a history of infection, held higher antibody levels compared to unvaccinated participants with a history of infection. A decline in antibody levels over time in all test groups was noted, though less steep among participants with a history of infection.\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130404779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.05
C. Rotarescu, Mariana Gelinas Martín del Campo, I. Mãrunțelu
In this review, we provide an overlook of the current international and national status of chronic hepatitis B and we report as well some preliminary data based on our own experience. Nowadays, various markers (HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBsAb) are used for diagnosing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its multiple stages. New markers, such as circulating microRNAs, are being used to improve the prognosis of the disease. The latest molecular technologies allowed the identification of HLA genes associated with chronic hepatitis B.
{"title":"CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION: WHERE WE ARE NOW","authors":"C. Rotarescu, Mariana Gelinas Martín del Campo, I. Mãrunțelu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we provide an overlook of the current international and national status of chronic hepatitis B and we report as well some preliminary data based on our own experience. Nowadays, various markers (HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBsAb) are used for diagnosing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its multiple stages. New markers, such as circulating microRNAs, are being used to improve the prognosis of the disease. The latest molecular technologies allowed the identification of HLA genes associated with chronic hepatitis B.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123971840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.03
Raluca Elisabeta Lupaşcu Moisi, M. Ilie, B. Velescu
The advent of COVID-19 vaccines brought hope in combating the global pandemic. However, their acceptance and uptake have faced significant challenges due to vaccine hesitancy and concerns regarding adverse reactions. Various factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, such as fear of side effects, lack of trust in vaccine development processes, misinformation, and socio-cultural beliefs, are discussed. Understanding the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy is crucial in formulating effective strategies to address public concerns. This article aims to explore the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and examine the reported adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination. By fostering trust, providing accurate information, and establishing robust surveillance systems, public health officials can combat hesitancy and enhance vaccination rates. Efforts must be made to educate individuals about the benefits of vaccination while maintaining transparency regarding potential risks, ultimately paving the way for widespread immunization and mitigating the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our study findings, it is evident that the population of Romania has exhibited a lack of positive response towards the vaccination campaign aimed at curbing the transmission of COVID-19. These results strongly indicate that Romania will face significant challenges in achieving the World Health Organization's recommended vaccination threshold of at least 70% coverage.
{"title":"UNDERSTANDING VACCINE ACCEPTANCE AND HESITANCY AMONG THE ROMANIAN POPULATION: INSIGHTS INTO COVID-19 VACCINATION","authors":"Raluca Elisabeta Lupaşcu Moisi, M. Ilie, B. Velescu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of COVID-19 vaccines brought hope in combating the global pandemic. However, their acceptance and uptake have faced significant challenges due to vaccine hesitancy and concerns regarding adverse reactions. Various factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, such as fear of side effects, lack of trust in vaccine development processes, misinformation, and socio-cultural beliefs, are discussed. Understanding the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy is crucial in formulating effective strategies to address public concerns. This article aims to explore the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and examine the reported adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination. By fostering trust, providing accurate information, and establishing robust surveillance systems, public health officials can combat hesitancy and enhance vaccination rates. Efforts must be made to educate individuals about the benefits of vaccination while maintaining transparency regarding potential risks, ultimately paving the way for widespread immunization and mitigating the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our study findings, it is evident that the population of Romania has exhibited a lack of positive response towards the vaccination campaign aimed at curbing the transmission of COVID-19. These results strongly indicate that Romania will face significant challenges in achieving the World Health Organization's recommended vaccination threshold of at least 70% coverage.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128093954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.04
L. Boldeanu, I. Siloși, M. Bălășoiu
"The typical phenotype of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is well recognized, but special subforms such as AIH with sero-negativity for autoantibodies, severe and acute forms of AIH, forms that have concomitant features of primary biliary cirrhosis or occur in the context of other liver diseases, making diagnosis and therapy a challenge for the clinician. The objective of this study was the complex analysis in terms of clinical and phenotypic characteristics of patients with AIH diagnosed at the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, between November 2015 and September 2019. In order to carry out this study, we set the following specific objectives: • Determining the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with AIH compared to a group of patients diagnosed with chronic viral hepatitis C (CHC), in terms of age of onset, location, severity of inflammatory lesions and intestinal and extra-intestinal complications; • Evaluation of the biochemical profile in the studied groups by dosing the serum levels of liver enzymes such as transaminases [Aspartate-amino-transferase (AST), Alanine-amino-transferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], and total γ-globulins (IgG, IgM, IgA)]; • Evaluation of the serological profile of patients with AIH by determining the presence of autoantibodies [ANA, anti-SMA, anti-soluble-liver-antigen (anti-SLA) antibodies, anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 (anti-LKM-1) antibodies, anti-liver cytosol antigen type 1 (anti-LC1) antibodies, anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)]. In our study we obtained the following patient profile: female patient, from an urban areas, aged at the time of diagnosis in the decade of age 45-55 years, with sero-positivity for antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA), with elevated levels of liver enzymes, accompanied by polyclonal hyper-gamaglobulinemia (IgG)."
{"title":"CLINICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS","authors":"L. Boldeanu, I. Siloși, M. Bălășoiu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"\"The typical phenotype of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is well recognized, but special subforms such as AIH with sero-negativity for autoantibodies, severe and acute forms of AIH, forms that have concomitant features of primary biliary cirrhosis or occur in the context of other liver diseases, making diagnosis and therapy a challenge for the clinician. The objective of this study was the complex analysis in terms of clinical and phenotypic characteristics of patients with AIH diagnosed at the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, between November 2015 and September 2019. In order to carry out this study, we set the following specific objectives: • Determining the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with AIH compared to a group of patients diagnosed with chronic viral hepatitis C (CHC), in terms of age of onset, location, severity of inflammatory lesions and intestinal and extra-intestinal complications; • Evaluation of the biochemical profile in the studied groups by dosing the serum levels of liver enzymes such as transaminases [Aspartate-amino-transferase (AST), Alanine-amino-transferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], and total γ-globulins (IgG, IgM, IgA)]; • Evaluation of the serological profile of patients with AIH by determining the presence of autoantibodies [ANA, anti-SMA, anti-soluble-liver-antigen (anti-SLA) antibodies, anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 (anti-LKM-1) antibodies, anti-liver cytosol antigen type 1 (anti-LC1) antibodies, anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)]. In our study we obtained the following patient profile: female patient, from an urban areas, aged at the time of diagnosis in the decade of age 45-55 years, with sero-positivity for antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA), with elevated levels of liver enzymes, accompanied by polyclonal hyper-gamaglobulinemia (IgG).\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134228333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.10
M. Popa, A. Cursaru, Razvan Spiridonica
A 48-year-old male patient, smoker with type one obesity, was admitted with torn Achilles tendon and calcaneus fracture originating from a sports injury (Fig. 1). The Achilles tendon was removed surgically and reinserted utilizing two anchors at the level of the calcaneus. The postoperative care included 3 weeks with the ankle in the equine position and 3 weeks with the ankle in neutral position while immobilized in an orthosis. However, the patient disregarded the advice of the doctor and showed up at the 14-day follow-up session in the outpatient clinic with the operated limb bearing weight. During the clinical examination, a skin lesion with necrosis was found (Fig. 2), and local topical therapy was started, which resulted in a beneficial course of events (Figs. 3 and 4). The patient missed his follow-up appointment for three months, at which point he presented with an active fistula at the level of the wound (Fig. 5) that had a poor course of development (Fig. 6).
{"title":"\"RISK OF NEGATIVE OUTCOMES AS A RESULT OF PATIENT NON-COMPLIANCE\"","authors":"M. Popa, A. Cursaru, Razvan Spiridonica","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"A 48-year-old male patient, smoker with type one obesity, was admitted with torn Achilles tendon and calcaneus fracture originating from a sports injury (Fig. 1). The Achilles tendon was removed surgically and reinserted utilizing two anchors at the level of the calcaneus. The postoperative care included 3 weeks with the ankle in the equine position and 3 weeks with the ankle in neutral position while immobilized in an orthosis. However, the patient disregarded the advice of the doctor and showed up at the 14-day follow-up session in the outpatient clinic with the operated limb bearing weight. During the clinical examination, a skin lesion with necrosis was found (Fig. 2), and local topical therapy was started, which resulted in a beneficial course of events (Figs. 3 and 4). The patient missed his follow-up appointment for three months, at which point he presented with an active fistula at the level of the wound (Fig. 5) that had a poor course of development (Fig. 6).","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122251313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.06
G. Popa, M. Popa
"Diarrhoea represents a significant public health concern worldwide and is responsible for an increase in mortality and morbidity, especially among children but also among adults. Cryptosporidium, one of the most common intestinal protozoan parasites, is the etiological agent of cryptosporidiosis, an acute infection with self-limiting evolution, but that can evolve into severe diarrhoea in children and immunosuppressed hosts. The main species that cause human cryptosporidiosis are C. parvum and C. hominis. Despite the progress made in order to control and monitor cryptosporidiosis at the global level, numerous outbreaks have been reported with the source of infection being food or water. Using Promedmail.org we have performed a review of Cryptosporidium related outbreaks reported in the last 10 years over the world."
{"title":"\"CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OUTBREAKS: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF THE LAST TEN YEARS\"","authors":"G. Popa, M. Popa","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"\"Diarrhoea represents a significant public health concern worldwide and is responsible for an increase in mortality and morbidity, especially among children but also among adults. Cryptosporidium, one of the most common intestinal protozoan parasites, is the etiological agent of cryptosporidiosis, an acute infection with self-limiting evolution, but that can evolve into severe diarrhoea in children and immunosuppressed hosts. The main species that cause human cryptosporidiosis are C. parvum and C. hominis. Despite the progress made in order to control and monitor cryptosporidiosis at the global level, numerous outbreaks have been reported with the source of infection being food or water. Using Promedmail.org we have performed a review of Cryptosporidium related outbreaks reported in the last 10 years over the world.\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121890500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.01
N. Corcionivoschi
In the RADAR project intitled Selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater treatment plants into the aquatic environment and clinical reservoirs (PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF 2016-0114 CONTRACT NO. 10/2018), five Romanian institutions with key scientific and public health assistance roles in the AMR research and surveillance: University of Bucharest as coordinator, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, University Politehnica of Bucharest and National Military Medical Institute for Research Development “Cantacuzino“ have joined their complementary expertise in the first nationwide study of the AMR phenomenon using a One Health approach. The RADAR project aimed to evaluate the prevalence and dissemination of AMR from urban, clinical, and industrial wastewater into the aquatic environment via WWTPs and to correlate these results with the environmental and clinical resistome, thus identifying the possible mechanisms of AMR emergence and spread.
{"title":"A ROMANIAN NATIONWIDE INITIATIVE FOR MITIGATING THE AMR PHENOMENON THROUGH ONE HEALTH APPROACHES: THE RADAR PROJECT","authors":"N. Corcionivoschi","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the RADAR project intitled Selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater treatment plants into the aquatic environment and clinical reservoirs (PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF 2016-0114 CONTRACT NO. 10/2018), five Romanian institutions with key scientific and public health assistance roles in the AMR research and surveillance: University of Bucharest as coordinator, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, University Politehnica of Bucharest and National Military Medical Institute for Research Development “Cantacuzino“ have joined their complementary expertise in the first nationwide study of the AMR phenomenon using a One Health approach. The RADAR project aimed to evaluate the prevalence and dissemination of AMR from urban, clinical, and industrial wastewater into the aquatic environment via WWTPs and to correlate these results with the environmental and clinical resistome, thus identifying the possible mechanisms of AMR emergence and spread.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132974237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.08
E. Toma, Adriana Nicoleta Trandafir, O. Enciu
One of the main concerns of the medical community during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the management of the immunosuppression accompanying the disease, particularly in ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients. More recently, the focus has shifted towards the management of the persistent immunosuppression post-acute COVID-19 and its complications. The rate of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) had been declining before the pandemic, but has since started to increase once more. Due to multiple factors – unnecessary antibiotherapy, disorganized medical facilities, inadequate personal protection equipment etc. – there have been increasing reports of coinfections and secondary infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients. We present a case report of a patient with no history of clinically overt immunosuppression before developing critical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The patient had no need for antibiotic treatment during his hospitalization and was discharged in a stable state, being consequently readmitted multiple times for different healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant infections, over time developing other hospital-related complications. The case raises a discussion about the bidirectional relationship between post-COVID immunosuppression and the possible inadvertent excess in antibiotic therapy that has accompanied the pandemic.
{"title":"\"PERSISTENT POST-COVID IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND HEALTHCARE- ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS - POSSIBLE MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT INFECTIONS\"","authors":"E. Toma, Adriana Nicoleta Trandafir, O. Enciu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main concerns of the medical community during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the management of the immunosuppression accompanying the disease, particularly in ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients. More recently, the focus has shifted towards the management of the persistent immunosuppression post-acute COVID-19 and its complications. The rate of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) had been declining before the pandemic, but has since started to increase once more. Due to multiple factors – unnecessary antibiotherapy, disorganized medical facilities, inadequate personal protection equipment etc. – there have been increasing reports of coinfections and secondary infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients. We present a case report of a patient with no history of clinically overt immunosuppression before developing critical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The patient had no need for antibiotic treatment during his hospitalization and was discharged in a stable state, being consequently readmitted multiple times for different healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant infections, over time developing other hospital-related complications. The case raises a discussion about the bidirectional relationship between post-COVID immunosuppression and the possible inadvertent excess in antibiotic therapy that has accompanied the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123605680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54044/rami.2022.03.07
Alexandru Daniel Radu, Cristina Teleagă, B. Mahler
"Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungal pathogen that causes a serious infection called Pneumocystis pneumonia - abbreviated PCP - in people with an immunosuppression condition (e.g.: HIV infection, cancer, organ transplant, inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, treatment with immunosuppressants like corticosteroids), with a high mortality rate. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for publications describing risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Pneumocystis pneumonia, without restrictions of country or English language. The following search terms were used: ((""Pneumocystis""[Mesh]) AND ""Pneumonia, Pneumocystis""[Mesh]) AND ""Risk Factors""[Mesh], for a period of six years, between 2017 and 2022. Data on the type of study and clinical characteristics of the infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii in immunodepressed and immunocompetent patients have been extracted. We identified 41 articles, of which 11 have been considered as relevant and are the basis of the present analysis according to our inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The review of the literature to this end shows that patients who have been exposed to the risk factors such as: advanced age with a preponderance in men, nosocomial transmission via human contamination, those with an immunocompromised immune system due to the deficiency of Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) expression and end-stage renal disease disease (ESRD) who do CCRTx, concurrent chemoradiotherapy or RTx, radiotherapy and are treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as: prednisolone (PSL), calcineurin inhibitor, tumor necrosis factor anti-TNF-α, thioprine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and rituximab there is suspicion to developing Pneumocystis pneumonia, should be carefully diagnosed and managed through an appropriate early prophylaxis. In conclusion, in our opinion more deep studies are necessary in this regard."
{"title":"\"THE RISK FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA: NARRATIVE REVIEW\"","authors":"Alexandru Daniel Radu, Cristina Teleagă, B. Mahler","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"\"Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungal pathogen that causes a serious infection called Pneumocystis pneumonia - abbreviated PCP - in people with an immunosuppression condition (e.g.: HIV infection, cancer, organ transplant, inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, treatment with immunosuppressants like corticosteroids), with a high mortality rate. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for publications describing risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Pneumocystis pneumonia, without restrictions of country or English language. The following search terms were used: ((\"\"Pneumocystis\"\"[Mesh]) AND \"\"Pneumonia, Pneumocystis\"\"[Mesh]) AND \"\"Risk Factors\"\"[Mesh], for a period of six years, between 2017 and 2022. Data on the type of study and clinical characteristics of the infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii in immunodepressed and immunocompetent patients have been extracted. We identified 41 articles, of which 11 have been considered as relevant and are the basis of the present analysis according to our inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The review of the literature to this end shows that patients who have been exposed to the risk factors such as: advanced age with a preponderance in men, nosocomial transmission via human contamination, those with an immunocompromised immune system due to the deficiency of Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) expression and end-stage renal disease disease (ESRD) who do CCRTx, concurrent chemoradiotherapy or RTx, radiotherapy and are treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as: prednisolone (PSL), calcineurin inhibitor, tumor necrosis factor anti-TNF-α, thioprine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and rituximab there is suspicion to developing Pneumocystis pneumonia, should be carefully diagnosed and managed through an appropriate early prophylaxis. In conclusion, in our opinion more deep studies are necessary in this regard.\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117116927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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