Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-24-27
F. I. Gasimova, Ch. K. Rasulov, R. Jafarov, Z. Z. Aghamali̇yev
The article presents the results of the reaction of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentadiene in the presence of the KU-23 catalyst. Cycloalkylation of phenol have been carried out in a batch laboratory installation. After the reaction, the alkylate is separated from the catalyst and rectified. Firstly, during rectification at atmospheric pressure MCP and phenol that did not enter into the reaction were distilled off (up to 200° C), and then, under vacuum (666.5 Pa) the target reaction product was isolated and its purity and physicochemical parameters were determined. The kinetic regularities of the reaction were studied, and the probable mechanism of its occurrence was established. A kinetic model of the phenol cycloalkylation reaction, consisting of a system of differential equations, that describes the change in the concentration of the initial substances and reaction products over time has been developed. The kinetic constants of differential equations were estimated using a modified random search method with automatic step selection. For this purpose, the developed package of applied programs was used. The orders, activation energies, and rate constants of individual stages are determined. It is shown that the proposed model adequately describes the experimental data.
{"title":"Study of the kinetic regularities and mechanism of the cycloalkylation reaction of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentadiene","authors":"F. I. Gasimova, Ch. K. Rasulov, R. Jafarov, Z. Z. Aghamali̇yev","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-24-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-24-27","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the reaction of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentadiene in the presence of the KU-23 catalyst. Cycloalkylation of phenol have been carried out in a batch laboratory installation. After the reaction, the alkylate is separated from the catalyst and rectified. Firstly, during rectification at atmospheric pressure MCP and phenol that did not enter into the reaction were distilled off (up to 200° C), and then, under vacuum (666.5 Pa) the target reaction product was isolated and its purity and physicochemical parameters were determined. The kinetic regularities of the reaction were studied, and the probable mechanism of its occurrence was established. A kinetic model of the phenol cycloalkylation reaction, consisting of a system of differential equations, that describes the change in the concentration of the initial substances and reaction products over time has been developed. The kinetic constants of differential equations were estimated using a modified random search method with automatic step selection. For this purpose, the developed package of applied programs was used. The orders, activation energies, and rate constants of individual stages are determined. It is shown that the proposed model adequately describes the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81370954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-36-41
D. V. Tarusov, V.K. Slakaev, G.S. Mutovkin, V.E. Znaemov, A. Karpov, N. Bashkirtseva, A. Tarasov, D. Borisanov
Currently, the main products of the delayed coking plant in the Russian Federation (after hydrotreating) are gasoline and diesel fuel summer. The paper presents the results of a study of the properties of narrow fractions of coking gas oil and hydrotreated coking gas oil, which showed the prospect of organizing production based on the coking process of more marginal aviation kerosene and winter diesel fuel. The separation of products into narrow 20 degree fractions was carried out on an automatic distillation unit AUTOMAXX 9100. The dependences of nitrogen, sulfur, aromatics, density, and low-temperature properties on the boiling temperatures of narrow fractions of the composition of light coking gas oil and hydrotreated light coking gas oil have been studied. Analysis of the properties of narrow fractions of hydrotreated light coking gas oil has shown the theoretical possibility of obtaining fractions of jet fuel and winter diesel fuel on its basis, instead of summer diesel fuel.
{"title":"Changing the properties of narrow fractions in the process of hydrotreating light coking gas oil","authors":"D. V. Tarusov, V.K. Slakaev, G.S. Mutovkin, V.E. Znaemov, A. Karpov, N. Bashkirtseva, A. Tarasov, D. Borisanov","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-36-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-36-41","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the main products of the delayed coking plant in the Russian Federation (after hydrotreating) are gasoline and diesel fuel summer. The paper presents the results of a study of the properties of narrow fractions of coking gas oil and hydrotreated coking gas oil, which showed the prospect of organizing production based on the coking process of more marginal aviation kerosene and winter diesel fuel. The separation of products into narrow 20 degree fractions was carried out on an automatic distillation unit AUTOMAXX 9100. The dependences of nitrogen, sulfur, aromatics, density, and low-temperature properties on the boiling temperatures of narrow fractions of the composition of light coking gas oil and hydrotreated light coking gas oil have been studied. Analysis of the properties of narrow fractions of hydrotreated light coking gas oil has shown the theoretical possibility of obtaining fractions of jet fuel and winter diesel fuel on its basis, instead of summer diesel fuel.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87568658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-28-31
А. К. Goriunova, G. Timofeeva, N. S. Baklan, Е. V. Nosova, S. V. Luksha
The article presents the results of a study of the compatibility of laboratory samples of antiwear additives of the Kompleksal-ECO "D" type based on sunflower oil and oleic acid with oil and water using DGMK-531 methods, as well as their lubricity. It has been established that additives based on sunflower oil and oleic acid meet the necessary requirements and along with TOFA can be used in the development of antiwear additives for commercial diesel fuels in order to expand the resource and raw material base.
{"title":"Evaluation of the possibility of TOFA in the composition of anti-wear additive to diesel fuel with other vegetable oils","authors":"А. К. Goriunova, G. Timofeeva, N. S. Baklan, Е. V. Nosova, S. V. Luksha","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-28-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-28-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of the compatibility of laboratory samples of antiwear additives of the Kompleksal-ECO \"D\" type based on sunflower oil and oleic acid with oil and water using DGMK-531 methods, as well as their lubricity. It has been established that additives based on sunflower oil and oleic acid meet the necessary requirements and along with TOFA can be used in the development of antiwear additives for commercial diesel fuels in order to expand the resource and raw material base.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84089171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-37-40
V. Zolotov
The modern development of transport is at the stage of energy transition to its zero-carbon operation with the use of alternative energy sources instead of traditional liquid fuel. It is assumed that the operation of transport using electric motors and hydrogen fuel cells in the future will be able to represent a significant segment of the global economy. Manufacturers of heavy-duty vehicles and buses are currently actively investing in so-called carbon neutrality technologies and are activating the technical capabilities of options for using electric vehicles for heavy operating conditions. At the same time, along with the electrification of vehicles, the popularity of traditional piston internal combustion engines remains, including in hybrid car models. The new environmental regulations Euro-7, which are part of the European "Green Agreement", include stricter emission standards for all gasoline and diesel cars, vans, trucks and buses. This is part of the EU's commitment to support the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. In connection with the latest achievements in the design of diesel engines, the development of a new category of PC-12 engine oil for heavy-duty diesel engines is officially underway in order to replace the oils of the existing categories CK-4 and FA-4 according to API. The category of oils in the projected specification is planned to be divided into subcategories that provide conditions for their use in heavy-duty transport: off-road conditions, including those with a high temperature load, assuming a high oil viscosity at 150 oC and a shear rate of 106 s-1 (High Temperature High Shear - HTHS), and highway operation. It is assumed that the new PC-12 specification will provide increased thermal-oxidative stability of oils and improved compatibility with elastomers in both subcategories, as well as wear tests with the inclusion of new methods.
{"title":"Technical and environmental aspects of the new requirements for the performance properties of promising motor oils","authors":"V. Zolotov","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-37-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-37-40","url":null,"abstract":"The modern development of transport is at the stage of energy transition to its zero-carbon operation with the use of alternative energy sources instead of traditional liquid fuel. It is assumed that the operation of transport using electric motors and hydrogen fuel cells in the future will be able to represent a significant segment of the global economy. Manufacturers of heavy-duty vehicles and buses are currently actively investing in so-called carbon neutrality technologies and are activating the technical capabilities of options for using electric vehicles for heavy operating conditions. At the same time, along with the electrification of vehicles, the popularity of traditional piston internal combustion engines remains, including in hybrid car models. The new environmental regulations Euro-7, which are part of the European \"Green Agreement\", include stricter emission standards for all gasoline and diesel cars, vans, trucks and buses. This is part of the EU's commitment to support the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. In connection with the latest achievements in the design of diesel engines, the development of a new category of PC-12 engine oil for heavy-duty diesel engines is officially underway in order to replace the oils of the existing categories CK-4 and FA-4 according to API. The category of oils in the projected specification is planned to be divided into subcategories that provide conditions for their use in heavy-duty transport: off-road conditions, including those with a high temperature load, assuming a high oil viscosity at 150 oC and a shear rate of 106 s-1 (High Temperature High Shear - HTHS), and highway operation. It is assumed that the new PC-12 specification will provide increased thermal-oxidative stability of oils and improved compatibility with elastomers in both subcategories, as well as wear tests with the inclusion of new methods.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86386790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-6-11
R. Gimaletdinov
The paper reviews theoretical aspects and experience of industrial operation of the Visbreaking Unit equipped with a reaction chamber. A comparative analysis of density, viscosity, fractional composition, total sediment potential and spot stability was carried out for the initial feedstock, intermediate product and Visbreaking residue. The analysis of the obtained results showed a noticeable change in the colloidal stability of the residual reaction products during their residence in the reaction chamber.
{"title":"Effects of a reaction chamber on Visbreaking product stability","authors":"R. Gimaletdinov","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-6-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-5-6-11","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews theoretical aspects and experience of industrial operation of the Visbreaking Unit equipped with a reaction chamber. A comparative analysis of density, viscosity, fractional composition, total sediment potential and spot stability was carried out for the initial feedstock, intermediate product and Visbreaking residue. The analysis of the obtained results showed a noticeable change in the colloidal stability of the residual reaction products during their residence in the reaction chamber.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"686 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81938723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-06-10
H.N. Gurbanov, L. Yusifova, M. Mammadyarov, M. M. Abdullayeva
At present, with the development of modern technology, the requirements for lubricating oils, especially their viscosity-temperature, thermo-oxidative and lubricating characteristics, are becoming more stringent. In this aspect, the synthesis and study of esters of oxypropylated 2,2,5,5-tetramethylolcyclopentanol (TMCP) with cyclic fragments, active centers, multipolar ester groups is promising, have a certain scientific and practical significance.The esters were synthesized by the esterification reaction of oxypropylated TMCP with aliphatic monocarboxylic acids C4-C8, and their physicochemical, viscosity-temperature, thermal-oxidative and lubricating properties were studied. After determining the viscosity-temperature properties, it was established that they have a low pour point (minus 38-minus 430C), an average viscosity at 1000C (ν100 = 23.50-40.22 mm2/s), a high viscosity index (133-150 units) and flash point (305-3800C). When determining the thermo-oxidative stability of esters, it was found that they have low acid numbers after oxidation (2.51-3.28 mg KOH/g), corrosion of electrodes AK-4 (0.06-0.16 mg/cm2), ШХ -15 (0.08-0.11 mg/cm2) and the precipitate is insoluble in isooctane is low (0.120-0.248% of the mass), the volatility is 0.30-0.50% of the mass. The lubricating properties of esters were also determined: critical load Рк,Н = 750-900, spot wear diameter Di,mm at Р = 196Н = 0.50-0.65. Oxypropylated esters in comparison with reference esters - TMCP ester with caproic acid and pentaerythritol ester (PET) and mixture of fatty acids (MFA) fr. C5-C6 surpass them in almost all parameters, are higher molecular weight and promising, and this makes it possible to create on their basis high-temperature lubricating oils special purpose, components or additives to other lubricating oils.
{"title":"Synthesis of esters of oxypropylated 2,2,5,5-tetramethylolcyclopentanol and investigation of them as base of promising lubricating materials","authors":"H.N. Gurbanov, L. Yusifova, M. Mammadyarov, M. M. Abdullayeva","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-06-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-06-10","url":null,"abstract":"At present, with the development of modern technology, the requirements for lubricating oils, especially their viscosity-temperature, thermo-oxidative and lubricating characteristics, are becoming more stringent. In this aspect, the synthesis and study of esters of oxypropylated 2,2,5,5-tetramethylolcyclopentanol (TMCP) with cyclic fragments, active centers, multipolar ester groups is promising, have a certain scientific and practical significance.The esters were synthesized by the esterification reaction of oxypropylated TMCP with aliphatic monocarboxylic acids C4-C8, and their physicochemical, viscosity-temperature, thermal-oxidative and lubricating properties were studied. After determining the viscosity-temperature properties, it was established that they have a low pour point (minus 38-minus 430C), an average viscosity at 1000C (ν100 = 23.50-40.22 mm2/s), a high viscosity index (133-150 units) and flash point (305-3800C). When determining the thermo-oxidative stability of esters, it was found that they have low acid numbers after oxidation (2.51-3.28 mg KOH/g), corrosion of electrodes AK-4 (0.06-0.16 mg/cm2), ШХ -15 (0.08-0.11 mg/cm2) and the precipitate is insoluble in isooctane is low (0.120-0.248% of the mass), the volatility is 0.30-0.50% of the mass. The lubricating properties of esters were also determined: critical load Рк,Н = 750-900, spot wear diameter Di,mm at Р = 196Н = 0.50-0.65. Oxypropylated esters in comparison with reference esters - TMCP ester with caproic acid and pentaerythritol ester (PET) and mixture of fatty acids (MFA) fr. C5-C6 surpass them in almost all parameters, are higher molecular weight and promising, and this makes it possible to create on their basis high-temperature lubricating oils special purpose, components or additives to other lubricating oils.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91327144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-3-36-37
V. L. Lashkhi, A. L. Chudinovskikh, D. Boykov
Motor oils are evaluated according to a number of indicators, among which a significant role belongs to the characteristics that determine the alkaline and acid numbers of oils. The article considers the level of objectivity of both indicators in determining them in working oil.
{"title":"Some recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the assessment of the neutralizing ability of motor oils","authors":"V. L. Lashkhi, A. L. Chudinovskikh, D. Boykov","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-3-36-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-3-36-37","url":null,"abstract":"Motor oils are evaluated according to a number of indicators, among which a significant role belongs to the characteristics that determine the alkaline and acid numbers of oils. The article considers the level of objectivity of both indicators in determining them in working oil.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-20-23
T.M. Ibragimova, P. Mammadova, E. Babayev, K. Gahramanova, A.E. Almammadova
This article provides a brief description of one of the modern technologies - phytoremediation, based on the rehabilitation of soils and water, polluted mainly by oil and heavy metals, and is a cleaning process, based on the use of the root zone of green plants (in this case, wormwood) with the simultaneous saturation of the soil biota with various types of oil-degrading microorganisms, isolated from the soils of the study area, and various heterotrophic microorganisms, the main role of which is to assimilate the products of intermediate oxidation of hydrocarbons.
{"title":"Biotechnological method of cleaning oil-contaminated soils","authors":"T.M. Ibragimova, P. Mammadova, E. Babayev, K. Gahramanova, A.E. Almammadova","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-20-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-20-23","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a brief description of one of the modern technologies - phytoremediation, based on the rehabilitation of soils and water, polluted mainly by oil and heavy metals, and is a cleaning process, based on the use of the root zone of green plants (in this case, wormwood) with the simultaneous saturation of the soil biota with various types of oil-degrading microorganisms, isolated from the soils of the study area, and various heterotrophic microorganisms, the main role of which is to assimilate the products of intermediate oxidation of hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80064646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-42-45
V. Zolotov
Analytical information is presented on the development and implementation of new technical requirements for the performance properties of motor oils and new methods of testing them in the specifications for promising automotive engines, taking into account global trends in environmental protection. Taking into account the latest diesel designs, the European Association of Automakers (Association des Constructeures Europe'enes d’ Automobiles - ACEA) has updated the specifications for engine oils for high-power diesels this year, including low-viscosity oils with an extended shift interval. The changes do not directly concern the assessment of the energy-saving properties of motor oils - saving fuel consumption when using them. ACEA is updating its specifications for heavy-duty heavy-duty diesel engines three years later than their originally planned adoption by the end of 2018. Two new oil categories E8 and E11 have been added to the 2022 ACEA specification with simultaneous replacement of categories E6 and E9, respectively, declared obsolete. The possibility of using potentially new methods for evaluating their properties - the ability of oils to reduce high-temperature engine wear and the amount of deposits in the turbocharger - is being considered when testing oils of the new GF-7 category. The use of upgraded methods is proposed: a new Noack test to determine the volatility of oils to assess their volatility and consumption, an updated Ford method to assess the pre-ignition of the fuel mixture at low speeds and high torque to ensure engine protection during the service life of the oil. Finally, a number of Original Equipment manufacturers (Original Equipment Manufacturer - OEM) assume the use of low–viscosity oils of classes 0W-8 and 0W-12 according to SAE for their engines, and these brands are likely to be included in the list of tested oils of the GF-7 category according to the new ILSAC specification.
在考虑到全球环境保护趋势的情况下，介绍了有关发展和实施新技术要求的机油性能以及在有前途的汽车发动机规范中测试它们的新方法的分析信息。考虑到最新的柴油设计，欧洲汽车制造商协会(Association des constructures Europe'enes d ' Automobiles - ACEA)今年更新了大功率柴油发动机油的规格，包括延长换档间隔的低粘度机油。这些变化并不直接涉及对机油节能性能的评估——在使用它们时节省燃料消耗。ACEA正在更新其重型重型柴油发动机的规格，比原计划在2018年底采用的时间晚了三年。在2022年ACEA规范中增加了两个新的油品类别E8和E11，同时分别取代了宣布过时的类别E6和E9。在测试新的GF-7类机油时，正在考虑使用潜在的新方法来评估其性能的可能性——机油减少高温发动机磨损的能力和涡轮增压器中沉积物的数量。提出了使用升级方法的建议:采用新的Noack测试来确定机油的挥发性，以评估其挥发性和消耗量;采用更新的Ford方法来评估低速和高扭矩下燃油混合物的预点火，以确保在机油的使用寿命期间保护发动机。最后，许多原始设备制造商(原始设备制造商- OEM)假设根据SAE为其发动机使用0W-8和0W-12级低粘度油，根据新的ILSAC规范，这些品牌很可能被列入GF-7类测试油清单。
{"title":"New requirements for the properties of promising oils for automotive diesel and gasoline engines and methods of their testing","authors":"V. Zolotov","doi":"10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-42-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-42-45","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical information is presented on the development and implementation of new technical requirements for the performance properties of motor oils and new methods of testing them in the specifications for promising automotive engines, taking into account global trends in environmental protection. Taking into account the latest diesel designs, the European Association of Automakers (Association des Constructeures Europe'enes d’ Automobiles - ACEA) has updated the specifications for engine oils for high-power diesels this year, including low-viscosity oils with an extended shift interval. The changes do not directly concern the assessment of the energy-saving properties of motor oils - saving fuel consumption when using them. ACEA is updating its specifications for heavy-duty heavy-duty diesel engines three years later than their originally planned adoption by the end of 2018. Two new oil categories E8 and E11 have been added to the 2022 ACEA specification with simultaneous replacement of categories E6 and E9, respectively, declared obsolete. The possibility of using potentially new methods for evaluating their properties - the ability of oils to reduce high-temperature engine wear and the amount of deposits in the turbocharger - is being considered when testing oils of the new GF-7 category. The use of upgraded methods is proposed: a new Noack test to determine the volatility of oils to assess their volatility and consumption, an updated Ford method to assess the pre-ignition of the fuel mixture at low speeds and high torque to ensure engine protection during the service life of the oil. Finally, a number of Original Equipment manufacturers (Original Equipment Manufacturer - OEM) assume the use of low–viscosity oils of classes 0W-8 and 0W-12 according to SAE for their engines, and these brands are likely to be included in the list of tested oils of the GF-7 category according to the new ILSAC specification.","PeriodicalId":23763,"journal":{"name":"World of petroleum products","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88361220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-7-14
A. Dubinin, V. Zakharov
The article is devoted to the study of the process of bitumen BND-60/90 cooling in an elevated vertical steel tank. Attention to this issue is dictated by the fact, that the specific properties of the product increasing viscosity and tendency to solidification during cooling — create difficulties in its operational turnover for the operators, and storage at high temperature leads to deterioration of the commodity properties. The relevance of the study comes from the need to find an energy-efficient solution for enterprises which accept, store and promptly dispense bitumen on an industrial scale. The work was conducted in order to explore the possibility of reducing energy consumption, while heating the product, by optimizing the design of the heater. The object of the research was an insulated tank RVS-3000 with a fixed roof, the prototype of the same volume of which was built by Himstalcon-Engineering LLC in Kaluga. It is assumed, that this tank was filled with bitumen heated to a temperature of 160⁰С. In this work the distribution of the temperature field, as well as the field of velocity of bitumen movement over the volume of the tank, were obtained. This allowed us to formulate preliminary conclusions about promising directions for the development of technologically and energetically efficient methods of maintaining its temperature.
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